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Subarachnoid cisterns

The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain.[1] The space is situated between the two meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.[1]

Subarachnoid cisterns
Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisterns, cisterna magna is shown as cisterna cerebellomedullaris
Details
Identifiers
Latincisterna subarachnoideum
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

Structure

Although the pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain, closely following the contours of its gyri and sulci, the arachnoid mater only covers its superficial surface, bridging across the gyri. This leaves wider spaces between the pia and arachnoid and the cavities are known as the subarachnoid cisterns.

Although they are often described as distinct compartments, the subarachnoid cisterns are not truly anatomically distinct. Rather, these subarachnoid cisterns are separated from each other by a trabeculated porous wall with various-sized openings.

Cisterns

There are many cisterns in the brain with several large ones noted with their own name. At the base of the spinal cord is another subarachnoid cistern: the lumbar cistern which is the site for a lumbar puncture. Some major subarachnoid cisterns:

  1. The vertebral artery and the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
  2. The ninth (IX), tenth (X), eleventh (XI) and twelfth (XII) cranial nerves
  1. The basilar artery and the origin of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  2. The origin of the superior cerebellar arteries
  3. The sixth (VI) cranial nerve
  1. The optic chiasm
  2. The bifurcation of the basilar artery
  3. Peduncular segments of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
  4. Peduncular segments of the superior cerebellar arteries
  5. Perforating branches of the PCA
  6. The posterior communicating arteries (PCoA)
  7. The basal vein
  8. The third (III) cranial nerve, which passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
  1. The seventh (VII) and eighth (VIII) cranial nerves
  2. The anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  3. The fifth (V) cranial nerve and the petrosal vein
  • Superior cistern - It is situated dorsal to the midbrain. Thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain, connecting it to the interpeduncular cistern. Ambient cistern may also refer to the combination of these extensions and the superior cistern. It is composed of a supratentorial and an infratentorial compartment. It contains:
  1. The great cerebral vein
  2. The posterior pericallosal arteries
  3. The third portion of the superior cerebellar arteries
  4. Perforating branches of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
  5. The third portion of the posterior cerebral arteries
Its supratentorial portion contains:
  1. The basal vein
  2. The posterior cerebral artery
Its infratentorial portion contains:
  1. The superior cerebellar artery
  2. The fourth (IV) nerve
  • Crural cistern. It is situated around the ventrolateral aspect of the midbrain. It contains:
  1. The anterior choroidal artery
  2. The medial posterior choroidal artery
  3. The basal vein
  • Carotid cistern. It is situated between the carotid artery and the ipsilateral optic nerve. It contains:
  1. The internal carotid artery
  2. The origin of the anterior choroidal artery
  3. The origin of the posterior communicating artery
  • Insular/Sylvian cistern. It is situated in the fissure between the frontal and temporal lobes. It contains:
  1. The middle cerebral artery
  2. The middle cerebral veins
  3. The fronto-orbital veins
  4. Collaterals to the basal vein
  1. The anterior cerebral arteries (A1 and proximal A2)
  2. The anterior communicating artery
  3. Heubner's artery
  4. The hypothalamic arteries
  5. The origin of the fronto-orbital arteries
  • Lumbar cistern. It extends from the conus medullaris (L1-L2) to about the level of the second sacral vertebra. It contains the filum terminale and the nerve roots of the cauda equina. It is from the lumbar cistern that CSF is withdrawn during a lumbar puncture.

It is of clinical significance that cerebral arteries, veins and cranial nerves must pass through the subarachnoid space, and these structures maintain their meningeal investment until around their point of exit from the skull.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Purves, Dale (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. p. 742. ISBN 978-087893-695-3.
  2. ^ Yee, Juliana K. "Cerebellopontine angle cistern | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org". radiopaedia.org.

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The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain 1 The space is situated between the two meninges the arachnoid mater and the pia mater These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid 1 Subarachnoid cisternsDiagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisterns cisterna magna is shown as cisterna cerebellomedullarisDetailsIdentifiersLatincisterna subarachnoideumAnatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 2 Cisterns 3 See also 4 ReferencesStructure EditAlthough the pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain closely following the contours of its gyri and sulci the arachnoid mater only covers its superficial surface bridging across the gyri This leaves wider spaces between the pia and arachnoid and the cavities are known as the subarachnoid cisterns Although they are often described as distinct compartments the subarachnoid cisterns are not truly anatomically distinct Rather these subarachnoid cisterns are separated from each other by a trabeculated porous wall with various sized openings Cisterns EditThere are many cisterns in the brain with several large ones noted with their own name At the base of the spinal cord is another subarachnoid cistern the lumbar cistern which is the site for a lumbar puncture Some major subarachnoid cisterns Cisterna magna also called cerebellomedullary cistern the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns It lies between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata It receives CSF from the fourth ventricle via the median aperture foramen of Magendie The cisterna magna contains The vertebral artery and the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery PICA The ninth IX tenth X eleventh XI and twelfth XII cranial nervesPontine cistern Surrounds the ventral aspect of the pons It receives CSF via the paired lateral apertures It contains The basilar artery and the origin of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery AICA The origin of the superior cerebellar arteries The sixth VI cranial nerveInterpeduncular cistern It is situated at the base of the brain between the two cerebral peduncles of midbrain and dorsum sellae and continuous below with the pontine cistern and superiorly with the chiasmatic cistern It contains The optic chiasm The bifurcation of the basilar artery Peduncular segments of the posterior cerebral arteries PCA Peduncular segments of the superior cerebellar arteries Perforating branches of the PCA The posterior communicating arteries PCoA The basal vein The third III cranial nerve which passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteriesCerebellopontine angle cistern 2 It is situated at the cerebellopontine angle the lateral angle between the cerebellum and the pons It contains The seventh VII and eighth VIII cranial nerves The anteroinferior cerebellar artery AICA The fifth V cranial nerve and the petrosal veinSuperior cistern It is situated dorsal to the midbrain Thin sheet like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain connecting it to the interpeduncular cistern Ambient cistern may also refer to the combination of these extensions and the superior cistern It is composed of a supratentorial and an infratentorial compartment It contains The great cerebral vein The posterior pericallosal arteries The third portion of the superior cerebellar arteries Perforating branches of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries The third portion of the posterior cerebral arteriesIts supratentorial portion contains The basal vein The posterior cerebral arteryIts infratentorial portion contains The superior cerebellar artery The fourth IV nerveCrural cistern It is situated around the ventrolateral aspect of the midbrain It contains The anterior choroidal artery The medial posterior choroidal artery The basal veinCarotid cistern It is situated between the carotid artery and the ipsilateral optic nerve It contains The internal carotid artery The origin of the anterior choroidal artery The origin of the posterior communicating arteryInsular Sylvian cistern It is situated in the fissure between the frontal and temporal lobes It contains The middle cerebral artery The middle cerebral veins The fronto orbital veins Collaterals to the basal veinCistern of lamina terminalis It is situated just rostral to the third ventricle It contains The anterior cerebral arteries A1 and proximal A2 The anterior communicating artery Heubner s artery The hypothalamic arteries The origin of the fronto orbital arteriesLumbar cistern It extends from the conus medullaris L1 L2 to about the level of the second sacral vertebra It contains the filum terminale and the nerve roots of the cauda equina It is from the lumbar cistern that CSF is withdrawn during a lumbar puncture It is of clinical significance that cerebral arteries veins and cranial nerves must pass through the subarachnoid space and these structures maintain their meningeal investment until around their point of exit from the skull See also EditSubarachnoid hemorrhageReferences Edit a b Purves Dale 2011 Neuroscience 5th ed Sunderland Mass Sinauer p 742 ISBN 978 087893 695 3 Yee Juliana K Cerebellopontine angle cistern Radiology Reference Article Radiopaedia org radiopaedia org Nolte J 2002 The Human Brain 5th edition ISBN 0 323 01320 1 87 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Subarachnoid cisterns amp oldid 1055471406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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