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Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra

April 08, 2024

Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra (June 6, 1937 – October 7, 2007) was a Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville during the late 1960s, and after a long period in exile, he returned and played an important role in the politics of the 1990s. Bongho-Nouarra was briefly Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from September 1992 to December 1992.[1]

Early life and education edit

Bongho-Nourra was born in Ouésso in Sangha Region.[1][2] He attended primary school in Brazzaville and Owando (then Fort Rousset) and received his certificate of elementary education on June 14, 1949. After attending high school, where he was sixth in his class, he entered military school in Brazzaville on October 1, 1951, remaining there until 1954. Subsequently, he studied in France; after completing his education, he returned to Congo-Brazzaville in 1963.[2]

Political career edit

Back in Congo, Bongho-Nouarra was head of the agricultural engineering subdivision in Pointe-Noire, then regional director of the first agricultural region. He became President of the Junior Chamber International in Congo and was elected as Vice-President of the Junior Chamber International at its congress in Oklahoma City. He was also President of the Congolese Olympic Committee. After serving as President of the Economic and Social Council from 1964 to 1965, he was appointed as Secretary of State at the Presidency of the Republic, in charge of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Water, and Forests, by President Alphonse Massamba-Débat in 1966.[2]

Bongho-Nouarra became Minister of Agriculture in January 1968[3][4] and was subsequently appointed as Minister of Public Works, Housing, and Transport in the government named on January 1, 1969.[5][6] Soon afterwards, however, he was dismissed from the government by President Marien Ngouabi due to political differences of opinion. He instead took an administrative post at an agricultural school,[2] but in August 1970 he was accused of complicity in an anti-government plot, and he was sentenced to ten years in prison.[7] While in prison, he was tortured,[2] and he was released in 1971[7] due to poor health.[2] He went into exile in France,[2][7] where he recovered his health and became a consultant to a number of French and Swiss companies. As a businessman, he returned to Congo-Brazzaville in 1977, but left under pressure and remained in exile in France until 1990.[2]

Returning to Congo-Brazzaville with the introduction of multiparty politics in 1990, Bongho-Nouarra became Honorary President of the Party for the Reconstruction and Development of the Congo (PRDC).[2] He was elected as the Second Vice-President of the 1991 National Conference, which marked the beginning of the transition to multiparty elections.[8] In the 1992 parliamentary election, he was elected to the National Assembly from the Mbama constituency in Cuvette-Ouest Region.[1][9] At that time, he was the National Coordinator of the National Alliance for Democracy (AND),[2][10][11] a coalition of parties that backed Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS) candidate Pascal Lissouba in the first round of the August 1992 presidential election.[12] On August 11, 1992, Bongho-Nourra, acting as National Coordinator of the AND, and UPADS Secretary-General Christophe Moukouéké signed an agreement with Congolese Labour Party (PCT) Secretary-General Ambroise Noumazalaye; the agreement provided for an alliance between the parties.[10]

Following Lissouba's victory, he appointed Bongho-Nouarra as Prime Minister on September 2, 1992.[1] Bongho-Nouarra's government was named on September 7;[13][14] according to Bongho-Nouarra, his government was a "war cabinet", and he promised an "all-out assault" aimed at solving Congo's problems. He also said that the members of his government were selected for their expertise rather than their political experience.[14]

The PCT was unhappy with the small number of portfolios it received in Bongho-Nouarra's government.[15] It joined with the opposition Union for Democratic Renewal (URD) seven-party alliance to form a parliamentary majority against UPADS, and consequently Bongho-Nouarra's government was defeated in a no-confidence vote on October 31, 1992;[13][16] the AND deputies were not present for the vote, and it was conducted by a show of hands. As a result of the vote, Bongho-Nouarra resigned on November 11 and Lissouba, rather than appoint a new prime minister from the opposition alliance,[10] dissolved the National Assembly on November 17.[13][17] Although he wanted Bongho-Nouarra to remain in office until a new parliamentary election was held,[15][17] the opposition demanded that the National Assembly be restored and that Bongho-Nouarra's government resign; in a protest on November 30, three people were killed by security forces.[18] The army urged the appointment of a new government with a neutral prime minister and warned that it could stage a coup if the situation continued.[15][18] An agreement was reached on December 3 to form a national unity government[18] and Lissouba appointed Claude Antoine Dacosta to replace Bongho-Nouarra on December 6.[17][18]

After leaving office as Prime Minister, Bongho-Nouarra again acted as coordinator of the pro-Lissouba parties in campaigning for the May–June 1993 parliamentary election.[19] He also continued to hold high-level posts during Lissouba's presidency, serving as Special Adviser to the President of the Republic, with the rank of Minister of State, as President of the Sociocultural Committee, and then as Minister of National Defense.[2] He left Congo-Brazzaville at the time of the 1997 Civil War, but temporarily returned for a national dialogue in 1998.[1] While in exile, he backed an exile group, the Patriotic Front for Dialogue and National Reconciliation (FPDRN), which called for peace and reconciliation and did not challenge the legitimacy of President Denis Sassou Nguesso. This group was founded in Paris in October 2000.[20] Bongho-Nouarra lived in Brussels, Belgium in poor health for several years before he died there on October 7, 2007. On October 8, Sassou Nguesso called his death "a great loss".[1] Bongho-Nouarra's body was returned to Congo-Brazzaville on October 22, and he was buried at a cemetery in Brazzaville on October 23.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Décès à Bruxelles de l'ancien Premier ministre Maurice Bongho Nouara", Planetafrique.com, October 9, 2007 (in French).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l J. Mbanza, "Le souvenir d'un homme politique sans rancune et sans esprit revanchard", Le Semaine Africaine, number 2,738, October 23, 2007 (in French).
  3. ^ Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique (1997), Karthala Editions, page 112.
  4. ^ "Apr 1968 - President Massemba-Debat takes over Premiership - Cabinet reshuffle - Other political developments", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 14, April 1968, Congo, page 22,633.
  5. ^ "Jan 1969 - Major Ngouabi appointed Head of State - New government", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 15, January 1969, Congo, page 23,148.
  6. ^ Bazenguissa-Ganga, Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique, page 150.
  7. ^ a b c Bazenguissa-Ganga, Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique, page 427.
  8. ^ Bazenguissa-Ganga, Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique, pages 384 and 427.
  9. ^ "Mystère au Congo", L'Humanité, February 12, 1992 (in French).
  10. ^ a b c Joachim Emmanuel Goma-Thethet, "Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97", in Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress (2005), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 110–113.
  11. ^ Jean-Pascal Daloz and Patrick Quantin, Transitions démocratiques africaines: dynamiques et contraintes (1990-1994) (1997), Karthala Editions, pages 164–165.
  12. ^ "Législatives : comme si l'histoire du Congo se répétait !", Congoplus.info, May 15, 2007 (in French).
  13. ^ a b c IPU-PARLINE page on the 1992 parliamentary election.
  14. ^ a b "Sep 1992 - New Prime Minister and Cabinet", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 38, September 1992, Congo, page 39,083.
  15. ^ a b c John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 71–72.
  16. ^ "Nov 1992 - Government crisis", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 38, November 1992, Congo, page 39,179.
  17. ^ a b c "Dec 1992 - New government", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 38, December 1992, Congo, page 39,227.
  18. ^ a b c d I. William Zartman and Katharina R. Vogeli, "Prevention Gained and Prevention Lost: Collapse, Competition, and Coup in Congo", in Opportunities Missed, Opportunities Seized: Preventive Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War World (2000), ed. Bruce W. Jentleson, page 272.
  19. ^ Africa Research Bulletin (1993), page 10,847.
  20. ^ Ousmane Sow, "Des exilés pressés de rentrer au pays", Jeune Afrique, November 14, 2000 (in French).
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville
1992 		Succeeded by

April 08, 2024
stéphane, maurice, bongho, nouarra, june, 1937, october, 2007, congolese, politician, served, government, congo, brazzaville, during, late, 1960s, after, long, period, exile, returned, played, important, role, politics, 1990s, bongho, nouarra, briefly, prime, . Stephane Maurice Bongho Nouarra June 6 1937 October 7 2007 was a Congolese politician He served in the government of Congo Brazzaville during the late 1960s and after a long period in exile he returned and played an important role in the politics of the 1990s Bongho Nouarra was briefly Prime Minister of Congo Brazzaville from September 1992 to December 1992 1 Early life and education editBongho Nourra was born in Ouesso in Sangha Region 1 2 He attended primary school in Brazzaville and Owando then Fort Rousset and received his certificate of elementary education on June 14 1949 After attending high school where he was sixth in his class he entered military school in Brazzaville on October 1 1951 remaining there until 1954 Subsequently he studied in France after completing his education he returned to Congo Brazzaville in 1963 2 Political career editBack in Congo Bongho Nouarra was head of the agricultural engineering subdivision in Pointe Noire then regional director of the first agricultural region He became President of the Junior Chamber International in Congo and was elected as Vice President of the Junior Chamber International at its congress in Oklahoma City He was also President of the Congolese Olympic Committee After serving as President of the Economic and Social Council from 1964 to 1965 he was appointed as Secretary of State at the Presidency of the Republic in charge of Agriculture Animal Husbandry Water and Forests by President Alphonse Massamba Debat in 1966 2 Bongho Nouarra became Minister of Agriculture in January 1968 3 4 and was subsequently appointed as Minister of Public Works Housing and Transport in the government named on January 1 1969 5 6 Soon afterwards however he was dismissed from the government by President Marien Ngouabi due to political differences of opinion He instead took an administrative post at an agricultural school 2 but in August 1970 he was accused of complicity in an anti government plot and he was sentenced to ten years in prison 7 While in prison he was tortured 2 and he was released in 1971 7 due to poor health 2 He went into exile in France 2 7 where he recovered his health and became a consultant to a number of French and Swiss companies As a businessman he returned to Congo Brazzaville in 1977 but left under pressure and remained in exile in France until 1990 2 Returning to Congo Brazzaville with the introduction of multiparty politics in 1990 Bongho Nouarra became Honorary President of the Party for the Reconstruction and Development of the Congo PRDC 2 He was elected as the Second Vice President of the 1991 National Conference which marked the beginning of the transition to multiparty elections 8 In the 1992 parliamentary election he was elected to the National Assembly from the Mbama constituency in Cuvette Ouest Region 1 9 At that time he was the National Coordinator of the National Alliance for Democracy AND 2 10 11 a coalition of parties that backed Pan African Union for Social Democracy UPADS candidate Pascal Lissouba in the first round of the August 1992 presidential election 12 On August 11 1992 Bongho Nourra acting as National Coordinator of the AND and UPADS Secretary General Christophe Moukoueke signed an agreement with Congolese Labour Party PCT Secretary General Ambroise Noumazalaye the agreement provided for an alliance between the parties 10 Following Lissouba s victory he appointed Bongho Nouarra as Prime Minister on September 2 1992 1 Bongho Nouarra s government was named on September 7 13 14 according to Bongho Nouarra his government was a war cabinet and he promised an all out assault aimed at solving Congo s problems He also said that the members of his government were selected for their expertise rather than their political experience 14 The PCT was unhappy with the small number of portfolios it received in Bongho Nouarra s government 15 It joined with the opposition Union for Democratic Renewal URD seven party alliance to form a parliamentary majority against UPADS and consequently Bongho Nouarra s government was defeated in a no confidence vote on October 31 1992 13 16 the AND deputies were not present for the vote and it was conducted by a show of hands As a result of the vote Bongho Nouarra resigned on November 11 and Lissouba rather than appoint a new prime minister from the opposition alliance 10 dissolved the National Assembly on November 17 13 17 Although he wanted Bongho Nouarra to remain in office until a new parliamentary election was held 15 17 the opposition demanded that the National Assembly be restored and that Bongho Nouarra s government resign in a protest on November 30 three people were killed by security forces 18 The army urged the appointment of a new government with a neutral prime minister and warned that it could stage a coup if the situation continued 15 18 An agreement was reached on December 3 to form a national unity government 18 and Lissouba appointed Claude Antoine Dacosta to replace Bongho Nouarra on December 6 17 18 After leaving office as Prime Minister Bongho Nouarra again acted as coordinator of the pro Lissouba parties in campaigning for the May June 1993 parliamentary election 19 He also continued to hold high level posts during Lissouba s presidency serving as Special Adviser to the President of the Republic with the rank of Minister of State as President of the Sociocultural Committee and then as Minister of National Defense 2 He left Congo Brazzaville at the time of the 1997 Civil War but temporarily returned for a national dialogue in 1998 1 While in exile he backed an exile group the Patriotic Front for Dialogue and National Reconciliation FPDRN which called for peace and reconciliation and did not challenge the legitimacy of President Denis Sassou Nguesso This group was founded in Paris in October 2000 20 Bongho Nouarra lived in Brussels Belgium in poor health for several years before he died there on October 7 2007 On October 8 Sassou Nguesso called his death a great loss 1 Bongho Nouarra s body was returned to Congo Brazzaville on October 22 and he was buried at a cemetery in Brazzaville on October 23 2 References edit a b c d e f Deces a Bruxelles de l ancien Premier ministre Maurice Bongho Nouara Planetafrique com October 9 2007 in French a b c d e f g h i j k l J Mbanza Le souvenir d un homme politique sans rancune et sans esprit revanchard Le Semaine Africaine number 2 738 October 23 2007 in French Remy Bazenguissa Ganga Les voies du politique au Congo essai de sociologie historique 1997 Karthala Editions page 112 Apr 1968 President Massemba Debat takes over Premiership Cabinet reshuffle Other political developments Keesing s Record of World Events volume 14 April 1968 Congo page 22 633 Jan 1969 Major Ngouabi appointed Head of State New government Keesing s Record of World Events volume 15 January 1969 Congo page 23 148 Bazenguissa Ganga Les voies du politique au Congo essai de sociologie historique page 150 a b c Bazenguissa Ganga Les voies du politique au Congo essai de sociologie historique page 427 Bazenguissa Ganga Les voies du politique au Congo essai de sociologie historique pages 384 and 427 Mystere au Congo L Humanite February 12 1992 in French a b c Joachim Emmanuel Goma Thethet Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991 97 in Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress 2005 ed Tukumbi Lumumba Kasongo Zed Books page 110 113 Jean Pascal Daloz and Patrick Quantin Transitions democratiques africaines dynamiques et contraintes 1990 1994 1997 Karthala Editions pages 164 165 Legislatives comme si l histoire du Congo se repetait Congoplus info May 15 2007 in French a b c IPU PARLINE page on the 1992 parliamentary election a b Sep 1992 New Prime Minister and Cabinet Keesing s Record of World Events volume 38 September 1992 Congo page 39 083 a b c John F Clark Congo Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate in Political Reform in Francophone Africa 1997 ed John F Clark and David E Gardinier pages 71 72 Nov 1992 Government crisis Keesing s Record of World Events volume 38 November 1992 Congo page 39 179 a b c Dec 1992 New government Keesing s Record of World Events volume 38 December 1992 Congo page 39 227 a b c d I William Zartman and Katharina R Vogeli Prevention Gained and Prevention Lost Collapse Competition and Coup in Congo in Opportunities Missed Opportunities Seized Preventive Diplomacy in the Post Cold War World 2000 ed Bruce W Jentleson page 272 Africa Research Bulletin 1993 page 10 847 Ousmane Sow Des exiles presses de rentrer au pays Jeune Afrique November 14 2000 in French Political officesPreceded byAndre Milongo Prime Minister of Congo Brazzaville1992 Succeeded byClaude Antoine Dacosta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stephane Maurice Bongho Nouarra amp oldid 1182050953, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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