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Strelasund Crossing

Strelasund Crossing is the two links to the German island of Rügen (Rugia) over the Strelasund to the West Pomeranian mainland near Stralsund: the Rügen Bridge or Rugia Bridge (German: Rügenbrücke) and the Rugia Causeway (German: Rügendamm).

Rügen Bridge
Rügenbrücke
New Rügen Bridge and the old drawbridge
Coordinates54°18′30″N 13°06′41″E / 54.30833°N 13.11139°E / 54.30833; 13.11139
Carries Bundesstraße 96
E22
CrossesStrelasund
LocaleStralsund and Rügen Island, Germany
Official name2. Strelasundquerung
Characteristics
Designcable-stayed bridge
MaterialSteel
pre-stressed concrete
Total length2,831 metres (9,288 ft)
Width3 traffic lanes
Height126 metres (413 ft)
Longest span198 metres (650 ft)
Piers in water19
Clearance below42 metres (138 ft)
History
DesignerAndré Keipke
Construction start31 August 2004
Construction end20 October 2007
Opened22 October 2007
Statistics
Daily traffic23,000
TollNone
Location
The two bridges over the Strelasund, connecting Stralsund and Rugia Island

Ferry services between Stralsund and Altefähr and between Stahlbrode and Glewitz are also available to cross the Strelasund sound.

The Rügendamm was the first fixed crossing over the sound of Strelasund, for both the old Bundesstraße 96, the Stralsund–Sassnitz railway and a combined footpath and cycle path. It was completed 1936/1937.

Rügenbrücke is the name of the three-lane viaduct completed in 2007 exclusively for motor traffic, between the village of Altefähr on Rugia Island and the Hanseatic and world heritage town of Stralsund; as part of the concept to turn the B96 and European route E22 into a ring road. Both bridges are operated in parallel. The Rugia Bridge has an overall length of 2,831 metres (9,288 ft), which makes it one of Central Europe's largest bridges.

Bridge crossings edit

Rügen Bridge edit

 
Approach on the Stralsund side, approach bridges (5 November 2005)

Rügen Bridge (German: Rügenbrücke) is a cable-stayed bridge made of pre-stressed concrete that spans the Strelasund between the city of Stralsund and the island of Rügen. The bridge was built to replace the aging Rügendamm, which will remain in service to provide a rail link and serve local traffic to Dänholm island. The bridge has three lanes, the centre one being demand-activated. The main element of the 4,100 metre crossing is the 2,831 metre-long main span over the Strelasund.

The crossing comprises a total of seven sections, five of which are bridge structures:

  • Embankment on the mainland side in Stralsund,
  • Two approach bridges in Stralsund,
  • Viaduct over the Ziegelgraben,
  • Dänholm approach bridge,
  • Strelasund approach bridge,
  • Strelasund Bridge, and
  • Embankment on the island of Rügen.

Southern ramp edit

 
The two Y-column pairs, 12 November 2005

The southern bridge ramp begins behind its junction with the Stralsund ring road (the B 96 federal road) and consists, of an 85.53-metre-long embankment structure, measured to the abutment of the first approach bridge. Beyond it are the two Stralsund approach bridges (Vorlandbrücken Stralsund) with gradients of up to 4%. The first, structure BW 1.1, is 327.5-metre-long bridge made of pre-stressed concrete with ten sections and a twin prestressed beam slab girder as the superstructure. BW 1.2 is a 317.0-metre-long bridge with six sections and a single-cell steel composite superstructure that was manufactured by the steelworks in Neumarkt-Sengenthal. An architectural feature is the B 96 approach road section with its two pairs of Y-supports, which enable the large column spacing of 72 metres at constant height. The railings of the approach bridges have 0.70-metre-high inside walls with laminated safety glass panels as wind deflectors and spray shields. The structures are founded on driven concrete piles cast in-situ.

New Ziegelgraben Bridge (viaduct) edit

 
View of the pylon pillars

The new Ziegelgraben Bridge (BW 2), designed as a viaduct, crosses the waterway of the Ziegelgraben, an arm of the Strelasund which separates Stralsund from the island of Dänholm. It has a length of 583.30 metres. The two main section, 126 metres (on the mainland side) and 198 metres (on the Dänholm side), are designed as a cable-stayed bridge with a three-cell steel box girder frame, which was made in the Neumarkt-Sengenthal steelworks. The bridge enables shipping to pass with a clearance of 42 metres.

The 128-metre-high, light blue pylon is divided into two parts: an approximately 40-metre-high base of concrete and an upper part of steel. The superstructure is separated from the base by bridge bearings. The base of the main pillar consists of 40 bored pilings with a 1.5 metre diameter. 32 harp-shaped, diagonally tensioned steel cables suspend the two main openings from the drop-shaped pylon.

 
Model of the steel cables

Rügen Bridge is fitted with suspension cables using a system unique in Germany, whereby they are triple-protected from corrosion: first the cables are galvanized, secondly they are covered with a coating of polyethylene, and finally with special wax as well. The cables were tested for a year at the Technical University of Munich, and finally approved by the Federal Ministry. The steel cables, with a total mass of up to 135 tons, consist of 34 individual strands that are bundled into a sheath to form a single cable with a diameter of 180 mm. They are rated for a tension of 4000 kN.

The railings of the new Ziegelgraben Bridge have a 1.5-metre-high (4.9 ft) inside lining with laminated safety glass as a wind deflector.

Northern bridge ramp edit

 
Bridge over the Dänholm and Strelasund Bridge

The northern bridge ramp consists of three bridges, an embankment and a road section.

After the main bridge comes the Dänholm approach bridge (Vorlandbrücke Dänholm, BW 3), a 532.3-metre-long approach bridge structure, and the Strelasund approach bridge (Vorlandbrücke Strelasund, BW 4), with a length of 532.2 metres. Both structures have a 10-section, single-cell pre-stressed box girder superstructure and are anchored on bored pilings made of cast-in-place concrete. The railings of the Dänholm bridge are designed with a 0.70-metre-high (2.3 ft) internal lining of laminated safety glass as a wind deflector.

The final bridge structure is the 539.0-metre-long Strelasund Bridge (Strelasundbrücke, BW 5). This also has a single-cell prestressed concrete box girder superstructure. The last section of the Strelasund Crossing runs down another embankment. The length of this embankment is 455.95 metres, beyond that is a further 732.0 metres of roadway. Filled with 225,000 m3 of earth, the ramp sides have sheet pilings covering an area of 20,690 m2, that runs up to the junction of the crossing with the transport hub of Altefähr. In this area there is a cycle path underpass.

Rügen Causeway edit

Rügen Causeway (Rügendamm, literally "Rügen Embankment") is the name of the original road connecting Rügen Island with the City of Stralsund on the mainland of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The road was built in the 1930s and opened in October 1936. The Rügendamm consists of two parts:

  • Strelasund Bridge is a 1.8-kilometre-long (1.1 mi) bridge and causeway spanning the Strelasund and
  • Ziegelgraben Bridge, a bascule bridge over the Ziegelgraben stream. This bridge opens several times a day to allow for the passage of large ships. Prior to the construction of the new Rügen Bridge, the drawbridge bridge was a source of major traffic congestion.

The Rügendamm provides the only road and rail access to Dänholm island.

Ferry crossings edit

Between Stralsund and Altefähr there is also a ferry crossing operated by small passenger ships, which are used exclusively for foot passengers. It is operated by the Weiße Flotte.

History edit

For thousands of years the Strelasund has separated the island of Rügen from what is today the West Pomeranian mainland. For at least seven millennia, people have settled on the island, establishing their holy sites here too, such as the Swantevit site at Cape Arkona. From the 12th century, Christianity spread to the island. The pagan sites fell into ruins or were slighted. These sites had previously been a destination for many pilgrims also from the mainland. They used boats to cross the sound; boats were also used for trade between the island and the mainland.

Old ferry edit

The strait was crossed at many different places, because the island lies within sight of the mainland coast along a long stretch. The shortest distance, however, was between the sites of the modern town of Stralsund and the village of Altefähr. This point was also very conveniently situated because of the intermediate island of Stralow (later called Dänholm). From here a regular ferry service evolved; around 1000 or 1100 herring was already being traded here and, during excavations on the island of Rügen, even Arabic coins were found.

The two ferry stages developed into larger settlements following the arrival of Christianity brought by the Danes. In particular, the ferry village of Stralow (stral means 'arrow' in Middle Low German and Slavic) developed rapidly. At the beginning of the 13th century more and more settlers came, inter alia from Westphalia. Their settlement was encouraged by the princes of Rügen and in 1234 Prince Wizlaw I gave town rights to Stralow. The ferry service to Alte Fähre ('Old Ferry') as the place on Rügen was named was becoming increasingly important; more and more goods and wares were traded over the crossing. In 1293 Stralsund became a member of the Hanseatic League and the movement of goods between the island of Rügen and the mainland grew in importance and scope.

Dänholm Ferry edit

A ferry between Dänholm and the mainland site of Stralsund was predominantly used by the military. It was established in mid-July 1935, after the completion of the Ziegelgraben Bridge for road traffic.

2nd Strelasund Crossing edit

In 2004, construction of a new bridge, called the 2nd Strelasund Crossing (2. Strelasundquerung), commenced. German Chancellor Angela Merkel opened the new bridge on 20 October 2007. The name of this new bridge is the Rügen Bridge (Rügenbrücke). The rugen bridge is a one tower suspension bridge that has nineteen piers holding it up from the water. The connection has a length of 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi), the new bridge is 2,831 metres (9,288 ft) long and the centre pylon is 128 metres (420 ft) tall. The new bridge crosses but does not provide access to Dänholm island.

Citations edit

Literature edit

  • Horst Auerbach (Red.): Von den Postseglern nach Schweden zur Hochbrücke über den Strelasund. Schriftenreihe des Marinemuseums Dänholm, H. 9, Förderverein des Marinemuseums Dänholm e. V., Stralsund, 2004.
  • Herbert Ewe: Geschichte der Hansestadt Stralsund. H. Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1984, 1985.
  • Herbert Ewe: Stralsund. Carl Hinstorff, Rostock 1965, 1987, ISBN 3-356-00082-9
  • Herbert Ewe, Harry Hardenberg, Günter Ewald: Stralsund. Die Stadt am Meer. Carl Hinstorff, Rostock, 1997, ISBN 3-356-00738-6
  • Karl Kleinhanß: Die 2. Strelasundquerung – "Das neue Tor nach Rügen". Tagungsband für Stahlbautag 2004[permanent dead link]
  • (pdf file; 5.11 MB)
  • Wolfgang Rudolph: Stralsund. Die Stadt am Meer. edited by Käthe Miethe. Carl Hinstorff, Rostock, 1955.

External links edit

    strelasund, crossing, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, august, 2020, learn, w. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message Strelasund Crossing is the two links to the German island of Rugen Rugia over the Strelasund to the West Pomeranian mainland near Stralsund the Rugen Bridge or Rugia Bridge German Rugenbrucke and the Rugia Causeway German Rugendamm Rugen BridgeRugenbruckeNew Rugen Bridge and the old drawbridgeCoordinates54 18 30 N 13 06 41 E 54 30833 N 13 11139 E 54 30833 13 11139CarriesBundesstrasse 96 E22CrossesStrelasundLocaleStralsund and Rugen Island GermanyOfficial name2 StrelasundquerungCharacteristicsDesigncable stayed bridgeMaterialSteel pre stressed concreteTotal length2 831 metres 9 288 ft Width3 traffic lanesHeight126 metres 413 ft Longest span198 metres 650 ft Piers in water19Clearance below42 metres 138 ft HistoryDesignerAndre KeipkeConstruction start31 August 2004Construction end20 October 2007Opened22 October 2007StatisticsDaily traffic23 000TollNoneLocation The two bridges over the Strelasund connecting Stralsund and Rugia Island Ferry services between Stralsund and Altefahr and between Stahlbrode and Glewitz are also available to cross the Strelasund sound The Rugendamm was the first fixed crossing over the sound of Strelasund for both the old Bundesstrasse 96 the Stralsund Sassnitz railway and a combined footpath and cycle path It was completed 1936 1937 Rugenbrucke is the name of the three lane viaduct completed in 2007 exclusively for motor traffic between the village of Altefahr on Rugia Island and the Hanseatic and world heritage town of Stralsund as part of the concept to turn the B96 and European route E22 into a ring road Both bridges are operated in parallel The Rugia Bridge has an overall length of 2 831 metres 9 288 ft which makes it one of Central Europe s largest bridges Contents 1 Bridge crossings 1 1 Rugen Bridge 1 1 1 Southern ramp 1 1 2 New Ziegelgraben Bridge viaduct 1 1 3 Northern bridge ramp 1 2 Rugen Causeway 2 Ferry crossings 3 History 3 1 Old ferry 3 2 Danholm Ferry 3 3 2nd Strelasund Crossing 4 Citations 5 Literature 6 External linksBridge crossings editRugen Bridge edit nbsp Approach on the Stralsund side approach bridges 5 November 2005 Rugen Bridge German Rugenbrucke is a cable stayed bridge made of pre stressed concrete that spans the Strelasund between the city of Stralsund and the island of Rugen The bridge was built to replace the aging Rugendamm which will remain in service to provide a rail link and serve local traffic to Danholm island The bridge has three lanes the centre one being demand activated The main element of the 4 100 metre crossing is the 2 831 metre long main span over the Strelasund The crossing comprises a total of seven sections five of which are bridge structures Embankment on the mainland side in Stralsund Two approach bridges in Stralsund Viaduct over the Ziegelgraben Danholm approach bridge Strelasund approach bridge Strelasund Bridge and Embankment on the island of Rugen Southern ramp edit nbsp The two Y column pairs 12 November 2005 The southern bridge ramp begins behind its junction with the Stralsund ring road the B 96 federal road and consists of an 85 53 metre long embankment structure measured to the abutment of the first approach bridge Beyond it are the two Stralsund approach bridges Vorlandbrucken Stralsund with gradients of up to 4 The first structure BW 1 1 is 327 5 metre long bridge made of pre stressed concrete with ten sections and a twin prestressed beam slab girder as the superstructure BW 1 2 is a 317 0 metre long bridge with six sections and a single cell steel composite superstructure that was manufactured by the steelworks in Neumarkt Sengenthal An architectural feature is the B 96 approach road section with its two pairs of Y supports which enable the large column spacing of 72 metres at constant height The railings of the approach bridges have 0 70 metre high inside walls with laminated safety glass panels as wind deflectors and spray shields The structures are founded on driven concrete piles cast in situ New Ziegelgraben Bridge viaduct edit nbsp View of the pylon pillars The new Ziegelgraben Bridge BW 2 designed as a viaduct crosses the waterway of the Ziegelgraben an arm of the Strelasund which separates Stralsund from the island of Danholm It has a length of 583 30 metres The two main section 126 metres on the mainland side and 198 metres on the Danholm side are designed as a cable stayed bridge with a three cell steel box girder frame which was made in the Neumarkt Sengenthal steelworks The bridge enables shipping to pass with a clearance of 42 metres The 128 metre high light blue pylon is divided into two parts an approximately 40 metre high base of concrete and an upper part of steel The superstructure is separated from the base by bridge bearings The base of the main pillar consists of 40 bored pilings with a 1 5 metre diameter 32 harp shaped diagonally tensioned steel cables suspend the two main openings from the drop shaped pylon nbsp Model of the steel cables Rugen Bridge is fitted with suspension cables using a system unique in Germany whereby they are triple protected from corrosion first the cables are galvanized secondly they are covered with a coating of polyethylene and finally with special wax as well The cables were tested for a year at the Technical University of Munich and finally approved by the Federal Ministry The steel cables with a total mass of up to 135 tons consist of 34 individual strands that are bundled into a sheath to form a single cable with a diameter of 180 mm They are rated for a tension of 4000 kN The railings of the new Ziegelgraben Bridge have a 1 5 metre high 4 9 ft inside lining with laminated safety glass as a wind deflector Northern bridge ramp edit nbsp Bridge over the Danholm and Strelasund Bridge The northern bridge ramp consists of three bridges an embankment and a road section After the main bridge comes the Danholm approach bridge Vorlandbrucke Danholm BW 3 a 532 3 metre long approach bridge structure and the Strelasund approach bridge Vorlandbrucke Strelasund BW 4 with a length of 532 2 metres Both structures have a 10 section single cell pre stressed box girder superstructure and are anchored on bored pilings made of cast in place concrete The railings of the Danholm bridge are designed with a 0 70 metre high 2 3 ft internal lining of laminated safety glass as a wind deflector The final bridge structure is the 539 0 metre long Strelasund Bridge Strelasundbrucke BW 5 This also has a single cell prestressed concrete box girder superstructure The last section of the Strelasund Crossing runs down another embankment The length of this embankment is 455 95 metres beyond that is a further 732 0 metres of roadway Filled with 225 000 m3 of earth the ramp sides have sheet pilings covering an area of 20 690 m2 that runs up to the junction of the crossing with the transport hub of Altefahr In this area there is a cycle path underpass Rugen Causeway edit Rugen Causeway Rugendamm literally Rugen Embankment is the name of the original road connecting Rugen Island with the City of Stralsund on the mainland of the German state of Mecklenburg Vorpommern The road was built in the 1930s and opened in October 1936 The Rugendamm consists of two parts Strelasund Bridge is a 1 8 kilometre long 1 1 mi bridge and causeway spanning the Strelasund and Ziegelgraben Bridge a bascule bridge over the Ziegelgraben stream This bridge opens several times a day to allow for the passage of large ships Prior to the construction of the new Rugen Bridge the drawbridge bridge was a source of major traffic congestion The Rugendamm provides the only road and rail access to Danholm island Ferry crossings editBetween Stralsund and Altefahr there is also a ferry crossing operated by small passenger ships which are used exclusively for foot passengers It is operated by the Weisse Flotte History editFor thousands of years the Strelasund has separated the island of Rugen from what is today the West Pomeranian mainland For at least seven millennia people have settled on the island establishing their holy sites here too such as the Swantevit site at Cape Arkona From the 12th century Christianity spread to the island The pagan sites fell into ruins or were slighted These sites had previously been a destination for many pilgrims also from the mainland They used boats to cross the sound boats were also used for trade between the island and the mainland Old ferry edit The strait was crossed at many different places because the island lies within sight of the mainland coast along a long stretch The shortest distance however was between the sites of the modern town of Stralsund and the village of Altefahr This point was also very conveniently situated because of the intermediate island of Stralow later called Danholm From here a regular ferry service evolved around 1000 or 1100 herring was already being traded here and during excavations on the island of Rugen even Arabic coins were found The two ferry stages developed into larger settlements following the arrival of Christianity brought by the Danes In particular the ferry village of Stralow stral means arrow in Middle Low German and Slavic developed rapidly At the beginning of the 13th century more and more settlers came inter alia from Westphalia Their settlement was encouraged by the princes of Rugen and in 1234 Prince Wizlaw I gave town rights to Stralow The ferry service to Alte Fahre Old Ferry as the place on Rugen was named was becoming increasingly important more and more goods and wares were traded over the crossing In 1293 Stralsund became a member of the Hanseatic League and the movement of goods between the island of Rugen and the mainland grew in importance and scope Danholm Ferry edit A ferry between Danholm and the mainland site of Stralsund was predominantly used by the military It was established in mid July 1935 after the completion of the Ziegelgraben Bridge for road traffic 2nd Strelasund Crossing edit In 2004 construction of a new bridge called the 2nd Strelasund Crossing 2 Strelasundquerung commenced German Chancellor Angela Merkel opened the new bridge on 20 October 2007 The name of this new bridge is the Rugen Bridge Rugenbrucke The rugen bridge is a one tower suspension bridge that has nineteen piers holding it up from the water The connection has a length of 4 1 kilometres 2 5 mi the new bridge is 2 831 metres 9 288 ft long and the centre pylon is 128 metres 420 ft tall The new bridge crosses but does not provide access to Danholm island Citations editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it September 2020 Literature editHorst Auerbach Red Von den Postseglern nach Schweden zur Hochbrucke uber den Strelasund Schriftenreihe des Marinemuseums Danholm H 9 Forderverein des Marinemuseums Danholm e V Stralsund 2004 Herbert Ewe Geschichte der Hansestadt Stralsund H Bohlaus Nachf Weimar 1984 1985 Herbert Ewe Stralsund Carl Hinstorff Rostock 1965 1987 ISBN 3 356 00082 9 Herbert Ewe Harry Hardenberg Gunter Ewald Stralsund Die Stadt am Meer Carl Hinstorff Rostock 1997 ISBN 3 356 00738 6 Karl Kleinhanss Die 2 Strelasundquerung Das neue Tor nach Rugen Tagungsband fur Stahlbautag 2004 permanent dead link Martin Steinkuhler Bau der 2 Strelasundquerung In Tiefbau Vol 4 118 Jahrgang April 2006 p 186 191 pdf file 5 11 MB Wolfgang Rudolph Stralsund Die Stadt am Meer edited by Kathe Miethe Carl Hinstorff Rostock 1955 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Strelasundquerung 2 Strelasund Crossing description in English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Strelasund Crossing amp oldid 1075720082, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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