The stem christie or wedge christie,[1] is a type of skiing turn that originated in the mid-1800s in Norway and lasted until the late 1960s.[2] It comprises three steps: 1) forming a wedge by rotating the tail of one ski outwards at an angle to the direction of movement, initiating a change in direction opposite to the stemmed ski, 2) bringing the other ski parallel to the wedged ski, and 3) completing the turn with both skis parallel as they carve an arc, sliding sideways together.[3]
Skiers employing the stem christie through slalom gates.
The stem Christiana was developed by Sondre Norheim in the mid-1800s. Norheim was a Norwegian skier and inventor whose innovations included early ski heel bindings that facilitated turning and jumping, and method for turning that included the basic stem, the Christiana, stem Christiana and parallel turns.[2] The term derives from turns employed by Norwegian jumpers in Oslo, Norway—then called "Christiana"—which was later shortened to "christie".[4]
This specific type of turn was promoted in the first decade of the 1900s by Austrian ski guide Hannes Schneider as the mainstay of the Arlberg technique, which he called the "Alpine System". Schneider's name is so attached to the turn that he is sometimes identified as its inventor, but he used it to replace the Telemark turn as the standard for descending on skis.[3]
The technique was widely used until the late 1960s, when its use diminished in favor of the parallel turn,[5][6] another form of turning on skis introduced by Norheim, alongside new ideas for sidecuts (to what had earlier been parallel inside and outside ski edges).[2] Skis with increasingly parabolic sidecuts accelerated the obsolescence of the stem christie, starting in the late 1990s, because of their improved turning characteristics over skis with minimal sidecut.[7]
Further readingedit
Bjaaland, Olav S. (1966). Den moderne skiidrott hundre år: 1866-1966. Oslo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Vaage, Jakob (1979). Skienes verden. Oslo, Norway: Hjemmenes forlag i samarbeid med Foreningen til ski-idrettens fremme. ISBN8270061689.
Holm, Arild, ed. (1980). Alpin skisport: utfor, slalåm, storslalåm. Sport og fritid. Oslo, Norway: Teknologisk Forlag. ISBN8251201942. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
Hem, Olav (1996). Idrettsordboka: norsk-engelsk/engelsk-norsk ordbok for vinteridretter. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN8200227758.
^Abraham, Horst; Campbell, Stu (September 1978). Developing Skills for Skiing: Part 1. Skiing. p. 149.
^ abc Augustyn, Adam and the Editors of EB (December 29, 2021). "Sondre Norheim, Norwegian athlete and inventor". Encyclopedia Britannica [EB]. Retrieved December 29, 2021. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^Lund, Morten (September 2007). Norway: How it all started. International Skiing History Association. pp. 8–9.
^Lundin, John W. (2020). Skiing Sun Valley : a history from Union Pacific to the Holdings. Charleston, SC: History Press. p. 361. ISBN978-1-4396-7175-7. OCLC 1223026412.
^Fry, John (2017). Story of Modern Skiing. University Press of New England. pp. 93–111. ISBN978-1-5126-0156-5. OCLC 975025785.
^Hall, Johanna (Winter 1997). . PSIA.org. Archived from the original on April 11, 2003. Retrieved December 14, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
April 10, 2024
stem, christie, stem, christie, wedge, christie, type, skiing, turn, that, originated, 1800s, norway, lasted, until, late, 1960s, comprises, three, steps, forming, wedge, rotating, tail, outwards, angle, direction, movement, initiating, change, direction, oppo. The stem christie or wedge christie 1 is a type of skiing turn that originated in the mid 1800s in Norway and lasted until the late 1960s 2 It comprises three steps 1 forming a wedge by rotating the tail of one ski outwards at an angle to the direction of movement initiating a change in direction opposite to the stemmed ski 2 bringing the other ski parallel to the wedged ski and 3 completing the turn with both skis parallel as they carve an arc sliding sideways together 3 Skiers employing the stem christie through slalom gates Contents 1 History 2 Further reading 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory editThe stem Christiana was developed by Sondre Norheim in the mid 1800s Norheim was a Norwegian skier and inventor whose innovations included early ski heel bindings that facilitated turning and jumping and method for turning that included the basic stem the Christiana stem Christiana and parallel turns 2 The term derives from turns employed by Norwegian jumpers in Oslo Norway then called Christiana which was later shortened to christie 4 This specific type of turn was promoted in the first decade of the 1900s by Austrian ski guide Hannes Schneider as the mainstay of the Arlberg technique which he called the Alpine System Schneider s name is so attached to the turn that he is sometimes identified as its inventor but he used it to replace the Telemark turn as the standard for descending on skis 3 The technique was widely used until the late 1960s when its use diminished in favor of the parallel turn 5 6 another form of turning on skis introduced by Norheim alongside new ideas for sidecuts to what had earlier been parallel inside and outside ski edges 2 Skis with increasingly parabolic sidecuts accelerated the obsolescence of the stem christie starting in the late 1990s because of their improved turning characteristics over skis with minimal sidecut 7 Further reading editBjaaland Olav S 1966 Den moderne skiidrott hundre ar 1866 1966 Oslo a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Vaage Jakob 1979 Skienes verden Oslo Norway Hjemmenes forlag i samarbeid med Foreningen til ski idrettens fremme ISBN 8270061689 Holm Arild ed 1980 Alpin skisport utfor slalam storslalam Sport og fritid Oslo Norway Teknologisk Forlag ISBN 8251201942 Retrieved December 29 2021 Hem Olav 1996 Idrettsordboka norsk engelsk engelsk norsk ordbok for vinteridretter Oslo Universitetsforlaget ISBN 8200227758 See also editSnowplough turn also known as the wedge turn or stem turn Parallel turn Skiing TopicsNotes editReferences edit Abraham Horst Campbell Stu September 1978 Developing Skills for Skiing Part 1 Skiing p 149 a b c Augustyn Adam and the Editors of EB December 29 2021 Sondre Norheim Norwegian athlete and inventor Encyclopedia Britannica EB Retrieved December 29 2021 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a author has generic name help a b Pfeiffer Doug January 1969 Instruction Corner Back to Basics Edge Control Skiing 20 4 Chicago Ziff Davis 94 ISSN 0037 6264 Retrieved November 6 2016 Lund Morten September 2007 Norway How it all started International Skiing History Association pp 8 9 Lundin John W 2020 Skiing Sun Valley a history from Union Pacific to the Holdings Charleston SC History Press p 361 ISBN 978 1 4396 7175 7 OCLC 1223026412 Fry John 2017 Story of Modern Skiing University Press of New England pp 93 111 ISBN 978 1 5126 0156 5 OCLC 975025785 Hall Johanna Winter 1997 All Mixed Up How to Make Sense of the Multi Shaped Lesson PSIA org Archived from the original on April 11 2003 Retrieved December 14 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stem christie amp oldid 1064340221, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
