Stefan Hell
Stefan Walter Hell (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɛfan ˈhɛl] ⓘ: born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian-German physicist and one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen,[1] and of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg,[2] both of which are in Germany. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy", together with Eric Betzig and William Moerner.[3]
Stefan Walter Hell | |
|---|---|
Hell in 2010 | |
| Born | 23 December 1962 Arad, Romania |
| Citizenship | Germany Romania |
| Alma mater | Heidelberg University |
| Occupation | Physicist |
| Known for | STED microscopy RESOLFT GSD microscopy 4Pi microscope Multifocal multiphoton microscopy Three photon microscopy |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2014) Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (2014) Otto Hahn Prize (2009) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize (2008) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics, optics |
| Institutions | Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (1997–) Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (2016–) German Cancer Research Center (2003–17) University of Turku (1993–96) |
| Thesis | Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope (1990) |
| Doctoral advisor | Siegfried Hunklinger |
| Notable students | Ilaria Testa (postdoc) Francisco Balzarotti (postdoc) |
Life edit
Born into a Roman Catholic Banat Swabian family in Arad, Romania, which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary as Partium, Transylvania, until 1920 and where Swabians (Catholic Germans in Hungary) still constituted the third largest ethnicity, ca 7 % of the population in 1910. He is the second fully Swabian Nobel prize winner with Herta Müller. He grew up at his parents' home in nearby Sântana.[4][5] Hell attended primary school there between 1969 and 1977.[6] Subsequently, he attended one year of secondary education at the Nikolaus Lenau High School in Timișoara before leaving with his parents to West Germany in 1978.[7] His father was an engineer and his mother a teacher; the family settled in Ludwigshafen after emigrating.[6]
Hell began his studies at the Heidelberg University in 1981, where he received his doctorate in physics in 1990. His thesis advisor was the solid-state physicist Siegfried Hunklinger. The title of the thesis was “Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope”.[8] He was an independent inventor for a short period thereafter working on improving depth (axial) resolution in confocal microscopy, which became later known as the 4Pi microscope. Resolution is the possibility to separate two similar objects in close proximity and is therefore the most important property of a microscope.
From 1991 to 1993, Hell worked at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg,[9] where he succeeded in demonstrating the principles of 4-Pi microscopy. From 1993 to 1996 he worked as a group leader at the University of Turku (Finland) in the department for Medical Physics,[10] where he developed the principle for stimulated emission depletion STED microscopy.[11] From 1993 to 1994 Hell was also for six months a visiting scientist at the University of Oxford (England).[10] He received his habilitation in physics from the University of Heidelberg in 1996. On 15 October 2002, Hell became a director of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen [12] and he established the department of Nanobiophotonics. Since 2003 Hell has also been the leader of the department "Optical Nanoscopy division" at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg and "non-budgeted professor" (apl. Prof.) in the Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy.[13] Since 2004 he has been an honorary professor for experimental physics at the faculty of physics of the University of Göttingen.[14]
With the invention and subsequent development of Stimulated Emission Depletion microscopy and related microscopy methods, he was able to show that one can substantially improve the resolving power of the fluorescence microscope, previously limited to half the wavelength of the employed light (> 200 nanometers). A microscope's resolution is its most important property. Hell was the first to demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, how one can decouple the resolution of the fluorescence microscope from diffraction and increase it to a fraction of the wavelength of light (to the nanometer scale). Ever since the work of Ernst Karl Abbe in 1873, this feat was not thought possible. For this achievement and its significance for other fields of science, such as the life-sciences and medical research, he received the 10th German Innovation Award (Deutscher Zukunftspreis) on 23 November 2006. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014, becoming the second Nobelist born in the Banat Swabian community (after Herta Müller, the 2009 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature).[3]
As of 2021[update], Hell has an h-index of 132 according to Google Scholar.[15]
Awards edit
- Prize of the International Commission for Optics, 2000
- Helmholtz-Award for metrology, Co-recipient, 2001
- Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis, 2002
- Carl-Zeiss Research Award, 2002
- Karl-Heinz-Beckurts-award, 2002
- C. Benz u. G. Daimler-Award of Berlin-Brandenburgisch academy, 2004
- Robert B. Woodward Scholar, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2006
- Innovation Award of the German Federal President, 2006
- Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics, 2007
- Member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 2007
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, 2008
- Lower Saxony State Prize, 2008
- Nomination for European Inventor of the Year of the European Patent Office, 2008[16]
- Method of the year 2008 in Nature Methods
- Otto-Hahn-Preis, 2009
- Ernst-Hellmut-Vits-Prize, 2010
- Hansen Family Award, 2011[17]
- Körber European Science Prize, 2011[18]
- The Gothenburg Lise Meitner prize, 2010/11
- Meyenburg Prize, 2011[19]
- Science Prize of the Fritz Behrens Foundation 2012
- Doctor Honoris Causa of Vasile Goldiș Western University of Arad, 2012[20]
- Romanian Academy, Honorary Member, 2012[6]
- Paul Karrer Gold Medal, University of Zürich, 2013
- Member of German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, 2013
- Carus Medal of the Leopoldina, 2013
- Kavli Prize, 2014
- Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2014
- Romanian Royal Family: Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown, 2015[21][22]
- Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania, 2015[23]
- Glenn T. Seaborg Medal, 2015[24]
- Wilhelm Exner Medal, 2016[25]
- Foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016[26]
- Honorary Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (HonFRMS) for his contributions to microscopy, 2017[27]
- Fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.[28]
- Pour le Mérite, 2022[29]
Publications edit
- Balzarotti, F.; Eilers, Y.; Gwosch, K.; Gynnå, A. H.; Westphal, V.; Stefani, F. D.; Elf, J.; Hell, S. W. (2017). "Nanometer resolution imaging and tracking of fluorescent molecules with minimal photon fluxes". Science. 355 (6325): 606–612. arXiv:1611.03401. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..606B. doi:10.1126/science.aak9913. PMID 28008086. S2CID 5418707.
- Butkevich, A.; Mitronova, G.; Sidenstein, S.; Klocke, J.; Kamin, D.; Meineke, D. N. H.; D'Este, E.; Kraemer, P. T.; Danzl, J. G.; Belov, V. N.; et al. (2016). "Fluorescent rhodamines and fluorogenic carbopyronines for super-resolution STED microscopy in living cells". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (10): 3290–3294. doi:10.1002/anie.201511018. PMC 4770443. PMID 26844929.
References edit
- ^ "Department Hell". Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ "Department of Optical Nanoscopy". Max Planck Institute for Medical Research. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Nobelprize.org". Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ (in Romanian) Răzvan Băltăreţu, "Un cercetător născut în judeţul Arad este printre câştigătorii premiului Nobel pentru chimie", Adevărul, October 8, 2014
- ^ Andreea Ofiţeru, "Stefan W. Hell, pentru Gândul: 'Am avut profesori extraordinari în România'", Gândul, October 9, 2014
- ^ a b c (in Romanian) Andreea Pocotila, "Fizicianul premiat cu Nobelul pentru chimie vorbește românește și ține legătura cu mediul științific din țara noastră", România Liberă, October 8, 2014
- ^ (in Romanian) Ștefan Both, "Stefan W.Hell, al doilea elev de la Liceul 'Nikolaus Lenau' din Timişoara care a câştigat un Nobel", Adevărul, October 8, 2014
- ^ . Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "NanoBiophotonics – Stefan W. Hell's Personal Profile". www.mpibpc.gwdg.de. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "MPI für biophysikalische Chemie: Hell für Deutschen Zukunftspreis 2006 nominiert". www.mpibpc.mpg.de. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "Max film" (PDF). Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "CV of Stefan Hell" (PDF). Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ "Hell, Stefan, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult". Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
- ^ Stefan Hell publications indexed by Google Scholar
- ^ Office, European Patent. "Mission Impossible: Breaking the Visual Barrier". www.epo.org. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "Course of science". Bayer Foundation. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
- ^ Stefan Hell – Körber-Preisträger 2011 2014-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "From microscopy to nanoscopy: 2011 Meyenburg Award goes to Stefan Hell". www.dkfz.de. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "STEFAN W. HELL, Doctor Honoris Causa al Universitatii de Vest "Vasile Goldis"". 9 October 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "Imagini de la evenimentul dedicat laureatului Premiului Nobel, Ștefan Hell – Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania". www.romaniaregala.ro. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ "Laureat al Premiului Nobel decorat de Regele Mihai – Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania". www.romaniaregala.ro. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ^ (in Romanian) Ștefan Pană, "Stefan Hell, laureat al Nobel, a fost decorat de Iohannis", Mediafax, September 4, 2015
- ^ "New Physico-Chemical Tools for New Biology". UCLA. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Awardees". Wilmelm Exner Stiftung. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected, News from the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, May 3, 2016, retrieved 2016-05-14.
- ^ "Current RMS Honorary Fellows". www.rms.org.uk. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ . Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ "Hell". ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
External links edit
- Stefan Hell Labs official website
- "Curriculum vitae". Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- Stefan Hell on Nobelprize.org
- Stefan Hell Lecture: Super-Resolution: Overview and Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy, May 2013
- Chemistry Tree: Stefan W. Hell Details