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Stauropegion

April 08, 2024

A stauropegion, also spelled stavropegion (from Greek: σταυροπήγιον from σταυρός stauros "cross" and πήγνυμι pegnumi "to affirm"), is a monastery or a parish which depends directly on the primate or on the Holy Synod of a particular Church, and which is not under the jurisdiction of the local bishop. The name comes from the Byzantine tradition of summoning the Patriarch to place a cross at the foundation of stauropegic monasteries or parochial churches.[1]

Such exempt jurisdictions, both monastic and parochial, are common in Eastern Christianity, mainly in Eastern Orthodox Churches, but also in some Eastern Catholic Churches. Their institutional counterparts in the Latin Church ecclesiastical order of the Catholic Church are various exempt jurisdictions, such as monasteries that are directly subjected to the Holy See of Rome.

Stauropegic monasteries edit

A stauropegic monastery, also rendered "stavropegic", "stauropegial" or "stavropegial", is an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic Christian monastery, subordinated directly to a primate or Synod, rather than to a local Bishop.

The practice of exempting some monasteries from jurisdictions of local bishops, placing them under a direct jurisdiction of the patriarch, was present at least since the reign of Byzantine Emperor Maurice (582-602). Such exemptions became more common after the Council of Constantinople (861). In time, those practices included not only monasteries, but also various parochial churches, to the extent that authorities had to regulate the issue by imposing stricter criteria for the creation of such exemptions.[2][3]

Stauropegic monasteries are distinguished from the greatest monasteries, called lavras, and from the patriarchal metochions, where the patriarch serves as a parish priest. The metochions of the Patriarch of Moscow are the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery and Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery.

Bulgarian Orthodox Church edit

The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has three stauropegic monasteries:[4]

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and the Sofia Seminary are also directly subordinate to the Bulgarian Patriarch and Synod.

Serbian Orthodox Church edit

 
Patriarchal Monastery of Peć, stauropegic monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church

Several major Serbian Orthodox monasteries had special status in Middle Ages. Today, the Serbian Orthodox Church has two stauropegic monasteries:[5]

Russian Orthodox Church edit

The first stauropegic monastery in the Russian Orthodox Church was Simonov Monastery (1383). It was subordinated directly to the Ecumenical Patriarch, because it was founded by Greeks and was home to the patriarch during his visits to Moscow.

In 1561 Ivan the Terrible decreed that the following seven monasteries should precede all the rest:

After the establishment of the Patriarchate in Moscow, there were no stauropegic monasteries subordinated directly to the Patriarch for some time. But Nikon founded the New Jerusalem Monastery, Valday Iversky Monastery, and Kiy Island Monastery, which he governed himself, instead of placing each under an hegumen (abbot).

The Greek custom, first introduced by Nikon, was continued by other Patriarchs and by the Holy Governing Synod. Stauropegic houses were not always the most important monasteries, the holiest, the richest, or the largest. They might have been dear to the ruling Patriarch for personal reasons. In the 19th century, apart from four lavras, seven monasteries were considered stauropegial:

As of 2000, the following monasteries were recognized as stauropegial by the Russian Orthodox Church:

Monasteries of Moscow:

Monasteries of Central Russia:

Monasteries of North-Western Russia:

Monasteries outside Russia:

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church edit

A stauropegial monastery (monasterium stauropegiaceum) under patriarchal jurisdiction (monasterium iuris patriarchalis) is a monastery that is subject directly to the patriarch (can. 434 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches).[6]

Monasteries in Ukraine:

Stauropegic parishes edit

Stauropegic parishes in Eastern Orthodoxy are exempt parishes that are not under jurisdiction of a local bishop, but are directly subjected to a higher hierarch, usually a patriarch. Such parishes are created for various reasons, symbolic or practical.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Burdzy 2019, p. 263-267.
  2. ^ Thomas 1987, p. 214-243.
  3. ^ Troianos 2012, p. 173.
  4. ^ "Ставропигиални манастири в България - България манастири". www.bulgariamonasteries.com. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
  5. ^ . 2020-01-03. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  6. ^ "Univ Monastery Becomes Subject to Greek Catholic Patriarch". RISU.ORG.UA. 7 May 2008. Retrieved 2021-01-12 – via Byzantine Catholic Church in America.

Sources edit

  • Burdzy, Dominika (2019). "At the Crossroads of Cultures: The Orthodox Confraternities of Central and Eastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th Century". A Companion to Medieval and Early Modern Confraternities. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 257–279. ISBN 9789004392915.
  • Thomas, John P. (1987). Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 9780884021643.
  • Troianos, Spyros (2012). "Byzantine Canon Law from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries". The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500. Washington: CUA Press. pp. 170–214. ISBN 9780813216799.

External links edit

  •   The dictionary definition of stauropegion at Wiktionary

April 08, 2024
stauropegion, stauropegion, also, spelled, stavropegion, from, greek, σταυροπήγιον, from, σταυρός, stauros, cross, πήγνυμι, pegnumi, affirm, monastery, parish, which, depends, directly, primate, holy, synod, particular, church, which, under, jurisdiction, loca. A stauropegion also spelled stavropegion from Greek stayrophgion from stayros stauros cross and phgnymi pegnumi to affirm is a monastery or a parish which depends directly on the primate or on the Holy Synod of a particular Church and which is not under the jurisdiction of the local bishop The name comes from the Byzantine tradition of summoning the Patriarch to place a cross at the foundation of stauropegic monasteries or parochial churches 1 Such exempt jurisdictions both monastic and parochial are common in Eastern Christianity mainly in Eastern Orthodox Churches but also in some Eastern Catholic Churches Their institutional counterparts in the Latin Church ecclesiastical order of the Catholic Church are various exempt jurisdictions such as monasteries that are directly subjected to the Holy See of Rome Contents 1 Stauropegic monasteries 1 1 Bulgarian Orthodox Church 1 2 Serbian Orthodox Church 1 3 Russian Orthodox Church 1 4 Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 2 Stauropegic parishes 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksStauropegic monasteries editA stauropegic monastery also rendered stavropegic stauropegial or stavropegial is an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic Christian monastery subordinated directly to a primate or Synod rather than to a local Bishop The practice of exempting some monasteries from jurisdictions of local bishops placing them under a direct jurisdiction of the patriarch was present at least since the reign of Byzantine Emperor Maurice 582 602 Such exemptions became more common after the Council of Constantinople 861 In time those practices included not only monasteries but also various parochial churches to the extent that authorities had to regulate the issue by imposing stricter criteria for the creation of such exemptions 2 3 Stauropegic monasteries are distinguished from the greatest monasteries called lavras and from the patriarchal metochions where the patriarch serves as a parish priest The metochions of the Patriarch of Moscow are the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery and Nikolo Perervinsky Monastery Bulgarian Orthodox Church edit The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has three stauropegic monasteries 4 Rila Monastery Bachkovo Monastery Troyan MonasteryThe Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and the Sofia Seminary are also directly subordinate to the Bulgarian Patriarch and Synod Serbian Orthodox Church edit nbsp Patriarchal Monastery of Pec stauropegic monastery of the Serbian Orthodox ChurchSeveral major Serbian Orthodox monasteries had special status in Middle Ages Today the Serbian Orthodox Church has two stauropegic monasteries 5 Patriarchal Monastery of Pec ancient seat of the Serbian Patriarchate of Pec 1346 1463 and 1557 1766 The principal title of Serbian Patriarchs is still Archbishop of Pec Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Monastery in Libertyville Illinois United States Russian Orthodox Church edit The first stauropegic monastery in the Russian Orthodox Church was Simonov Monastery 1383 It was subordinated directly to the Ecumenical Patriarch because it was founded by Greeks and was home to the patriarch during his visits to Moscow In 1561 Ivan the Terrible decreed that the following seven monasteries should precede all the rest Trinity Lavra Sergiev Posad Chudov Monastery Moscow Andronikov Monastery Moscow Kirillo Belozersky Monastery Kirillov Epiphany Monastery Moscow Pafnutiev Monastery Borovsk Joseph Volokolamsky Monastery near VolokolamskAfter the establishment of the Patriarchate in Moscow there were no stauropegic monasteries subordinated directly to the Patriarch for some time But Nikon founded the New Jerusalem Monastery Valday Iversky Monastery and Kiy Island Monastery which he governed himself instead of placing each under an hegumen abbot The Greek custom first introduced by Nikon was continued by other Patriarchs and by the Holy Governing Synod Stauropegic houses were not always the most important monasteries the holiest the richest or the largest They might have been dear to the ruling Patriarch for personal reasons In the 19th century apart from four lavras seven monasteries were considered stauropegial Novospassky Monastery Moscow New Jerusalem Monastery Istra Simonov Monastery Moscow Donskoy Monastery Moscow Solovetsky Monastery Solovki Yakovlevsky Monastery Rostov Zaikonospassky Monastery MoscowAs of 2000 update the following monasteries were recognized as stauropegial by the Russian Orthodox Church Monasteries of Moscow Danilov Monastery Moscow Donskoy Monastery Moscow Novospassky Monastery Moscow Sretensky Monastery Moscow Zachatyevsky Convent Moscow Intercession Convent Moscow Nativity Convent MoscowMonasteries of Central Russia Joseph Volokolamsky Monastery Moscow Oblast New Jerusalem Monastery Moscow Oblast Optina Monastery Kaluga Oblast St Savva Monastery Moscow Oblast Ugreshi Monastery Moscow Oblast Amvrosievsky Shamordinsky Convent Kaluga Oblast Borisoglebsky Anosin Convent Moscow Oblast Intercession Convent Khotkovo Moscow Oblast Krestovozdvizhensky Convent Moscow OblastMonasteries of North Western Russia Solovetsky Monastery Arkhangelsk Oblast Valaam Monastery Republic of Karelia Vyashchizhi Monastery Novgorod Oblast Ioannovsky Convent Saint PetersburgMonasteries outside Russia Assumption Monastery Zhirovitsy Hrodna Oblast Belarus Glinsk Hermitage Sumy Oblast Ukraine Holy Trinity Monastery Jordanville New York United States Puhtitsa Convent Estonia St George Monastery Horodnytsia Zhytomyr Oblast Ukraine Trinity Convent Korets Rivne Oblast Ukraine Assumption Monastery Zimne Volyn Oblast UkraineUkrainian Greek Catholic Church edit A stauropegial monastery monasterium stauropegiaceum under patriarchal jurisdiction monasterium iuris patriarchalis is a monastery that is subject directly to the patriarch can 434 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 6 Monasteries in Ukraine Univ LavraStauropegic parishes editStauropegic parishes in Eastern Orthodoxy are exempt parishes that are not under jurisdiction of a local bishop but are directly subjected to a higher hierarch usually a patriarch Such parishes are created for various reasons symbolic or practical See also editEcclesiastical jurisdiction Eastern Orthodox canon law Exemption Catholic Church Royal Peculiar Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist England Orthodox Church in America Stavropegial InstitutionsReferences edit Burdzy 2019 p 263 267 Thomas 1987 p 214 243 Troianos 2012 p 173 Stavropigialni manastiri v Blgariya Blgariya manastiri www bulgariamonasteries com Retrieved 2020 01 07 Manastiri ARHIEPISKOPIЈA 2020 01 03 Archived from the original on 2020 01 03 Retrieved 2021 07 25 Univ Monastery Becomes Subject to Greek Catholic Patriarch RISU ORG UA 7 May 2008 Retrieved 2021 01 12 via Byzantine Catholic Church in America Sources editBurdzy Dominika 2019 At the Crossroads of Cultures The Orthodox Confraternities of Central and Eastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th Century A Companion to Medieval and Early Modern Confraternities Leiden Boston Brill pp 257 279 ISBN 9789004392915 Thomas John P 1987 Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire Washington D C Dumbarton Oaks ISBN 9780884021643 Troianos Spyros 2012 Byzantine Canon Law from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 Washington CUA Press pp 170 214 ISBN 9780813216799 External links edit nbsp Christianity portal nbsp The dictionary definition of stauropegion at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stauropegion amp oldid 1177286887, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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