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A STAR is an air traffic control (ATC)-coded IFR arrival route established for application to arriving IFR aircraft destined for certain airports. Area navigation (RNAV) STAR/FMSP procedures for arrivals serve the same purpose but are used only by aircraft equipped with flight management systems (FMS) or GPS. The purpose of both is to simplify clearance delivery procedures and facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach procedures.[1]
Descriptionedit
A STAR is a flight route defined and published by the air navigation service provider that usually covers the phase of a flight that lies between the last point of the route filed in the flight plan and the first point of the approach to the airport, normally the initial approach fix (IAF). Hence, a STAR connects the en-route phase with the approach phase of the flight.
A typical STAR consists of a set of starting points, called transitions, and a description of routes (typically via VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) radio beacons and airway intersections) from each of these transitions to a point near the destination airport, from where the aircraft can undertake an instrument approach (IAP) or be vectored for a final approach by terminal air traffic control. Not all airports have published STARs, but most relatively large or hard to reach (e.g., in a mountainous area) airports do. Sometimes several airports in a locality share a single STAR; in such circumstances, aircraft follow the same arrival route until the final waypoint, diverging thereafter for their chosen destination.
Although the route segment of the filed flight plan does not usually change during the flight itself, the STAR to be flown might well vary according to the weather, the runway or approach in use, or the need to safely separate air traffic, among other factors. Thus, a filed flight plan typically ends some distance from touchdown, where a STAR begins, and the actual STAR to use is usually assigned and communicated to the pilot while the flight is already underway.
Naming conventions for STARs vary by country and region. In Europe, they are often named after the transition waypoint, followed by a digit that is incremented with each revision of the procedure, and a letter designating the runway for which the STAR is intended. In the United States, STARs are named after waypoints, or unique features of the STAR, or geographical features, followed by a digit indicating the STAR revision. A single STAR in the United States may serve multiple runways and transitions; European STARs are more likely to be independently published for each runway and/or transition.
Not all STARs are for IFR flights. Occasionally, STARs are published for visual approaches, in which case they refer to landmarks visible on the ground or other visual reference points, instead of waypoints or radio navigation aids.
STARs can be very detailed (as is often the case in Europe), allowing pilots to go from descent to approach entirely on their own once ATC has cleared them for the arrival, or they can be more general (as is often the case in the United States), providing guidance to the pilot, which is then supplemented by instructions from ATC. Typically, European STARs are very runway-specific and allow approaches to be made without the controller needing to issue radar vectors frequently until short final. STARs published and used for United States air traffic tend not to have many deviations in waypoints per-runway, though they do have some.[2]
^(PDF). JeppView for Windows (1 ed.). Jeppesen Sanderson. 20 January 2016. pp. 20–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Standard terminal arrival route news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message This article is missing information about the history of the subject Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page January 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message In aviation a standard terminal arrival STAR is a published flight procedure followed by aircraft on an instrument flight rules IFR flight plan just before reaching a destination airport A STAR is an air traffic control ATC coded IFR arrival route established for application to arriving IFR aircraft destined for certain airports Area navigation RNAV STAR FMSP procedures for arrivals serve the same purpose but are used only by aircraft equipped with flight management systems FMS or GPS The purpose of both is to simplify clearance delivery procedures and facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach procedures 1 Description editA STAR is a flight route defined and published by the air navigation service provider that usually covers the phase of a flight that lies between the last point of the route filed in the flight plan and the first point of the approach to the airport normally the initial approach fix IAF Hence a STAR connects the en route phase with the approach phase of the flight A typical STAR consists of a set of starting points called transitions and a description of routes typically via VHF omnidirectional range VOR radio beacons and airway intersections from each of these transitions to a point near the destination airport from where the aircraft can undertake an instrument approach IAP or be vectored for a final approach by terminal air traffic control Not all airports have published STARs but most relatively large or hard to reach e g in a mountainous area airports do Sometimes several airports in a locality share a single STAR in such circumstances aircraft follow the same arrival route until the final waypoint diverging thereafter for their chosen destination Although the route segment of the filed flight plan does not usually change during the flight itself the STAR to be flown might well vary according to the weather the runway or approach in use or the need to safely separate air traffic among other factors Thus a filed flight plan typically ends some distance from touchdown where a STAR begins and the actual STAR to use is usually assigned and communicated to the pilot while the flight is already underway Naming conventions for STARs vary by country and region In Europe they are often named after the transition waypoint followed by a digit that is incremented with each revision of the procedure and a letter designating the runway for which the STAR is intended In the United States STARs are named after waypoints or unique features of the STAR or geographical features followed by a digit indicating the STAR revision A single STAR in the United States may serve multiple runways and transitions European STARs are more likely to be independently published for each runway and or transition Not all STARs are for IFR flights Occasionally STARs are published for visual approaches in which case they refer to landmarks visible on the ground or other visual reference points instead of waypoints or radio navigation aids STARs can be very detailed as is often the case in Europe allowing pilots to go from descent to approach entirely on their own once ATC has cleared them for the arrival or they can be more general as is often the case in the United States providing guidance to the pilot which is then supplemented by instructions from ATC Typically European STARs are very runway specific and allow approaches to be made without the controller needing to issue radar vectors frequently until short final STARs published and used for United States air traffic tend not to have many deviations in waypoints per runway though they do have some 2 See also editStandard instrument departureReferences edit Instrument Procedures Handbook Federal Aviation Administration FAA Retrieved 2015 05 18 183 MB Trip Kit for Sheremetyevo Airport Moscow PDF JeppView for Windows 1 ed Jeppesen Sanderson 20 January 2016 pp 20 25 Archived from the original PDF on 29 March 2018 Retrieved 15 February 2018 https www faa gov air traffic publications atpubs aim html chap5 section 4 html Federal aviation Administration FAA Aeronautical Information Manual Effective January 30 2020 Change 1 FAA National Headquarters FOB 10B Procedures Support AJV 81 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Retrieved from https en 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