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Stade des Martyrs

December 07, 2023

The Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte (formerly known as Stade Kamanyola), or simply the Stade des Martyrs, is the national stadium of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), located in the Kinshasa commune of the capital Kinshasa. With a seating capacity of 80,000, it is the largest stadium in the DRC and the fourth-largest stadium in Africa. It serves as the home stadium for the Congolese football national team, AS Vita Club, and DCMP, making it the largest multifunctional venue in the country.[1][2]

Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte
Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte, Kinshasa, March 2022
Full nameStade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte
Former namesKamanyola Stadium
(1994–1997)
Location Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Capacity80,000
SurfaceSynthetic Lawn
Construction
Broke groundOctober 14, 1998; 25 years ago (1998-10-14)
BuiltOctober 14, 1993; 30 years ago (1993-10-14)
OpenedSeptember 14, 1994; 29 years ago (1994-09-14)
Renovated2008, 2021 and 2023
Construction costUS$38,000,000
Tenants
DR Congo national football team (1994–present)
AS Vita Club (1994–present)
Daring Club Motema Pembe (1994–present)

Originally constructed in 1993, the stadium was renamed in 1997 to honor the ministers, including Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Emmanuel Bamba, and Alexandre Mahamba, who were publicly hanged in Léopoldville (present-day Kinshasa) on Pentecost, 2 June 1966.[3][4][5]

It hosted the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie, which accommodated approximately 3,000 athletes from over 40 countries, featuring athletics, basketball, football, wrestling, and cycling.[6][7]

History edit

Etymology and construction edit

Originally named "Stade Kamanyola," the appellation Kamanyola is rooted in the Kamanyola groupement, situated in the Walungu Territory of South Kivu Province. The region was a border town and historic site where Mobutu's Forces Armées Zaïroises (FAZ) landed a key victory against the Mulelist insurgency and captured the Kamanyola Bridge in 1964.[8] To commemorate this pivotal victory, Mobutu immortalized the name Kamanyola into various aspects of his opulence, including his extravagant yacht, Kamanyola Division, and later commissioned the construction of "Stade Kamanyola."[8] The construction commenced on October 14, 1988, and it was complete five years later on October 14, 1993. The official inauguration took place on September 14, 1994, with a friendly exhibition match between the Leopards of Zaire and Malawi. The financial investment amounted to approximately $38 million and was expertly overseen by a Chinese consortium, in consonance with the grandiloquent projects emblematic of Mobutu Sese Seko's reign. It replaced the former National Stadium, Stade Tata Raphaël. Tout Puissant Mazembe, a Congolese professional football club based in Lubumbashi, frequently contested away fixtures at the stadium.[9][10][11]

From Stade Kamanyola to Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte edit

Following the ousting of Mobutu from power by AFDL (Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre) led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila in 1997, the stadium was renamed "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte" in memory of four ministers purged by Mobutu Sese Seko and hanged at the site on June 2, 1966: Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Emmanuel Bamba, and Alexandre Mahamba.[3][12]

In 1998, during a football match between AS Vita Club and Motema Pembe at the Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa, government troops opened fire, resulting in the tragic loss of four people.[13] On December 5, 2004, the Democratic Republic of the Congo achieved its first victory over South Africa in a historic match at the Stade des Martyrs.[14]

Controversy edit

During Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rule, the stadium became the center of controversy and criticism from human rights organizations. It was alleged to have been used as a prison for dignitaries of the former Mobutu regime and individuals suspected of collaborating with it. Reports from organizations like Journaliste en danger (JED), a Congolese non-governmental organization for the defense of press freedom affiliated with Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), highlighted the use of the stadium as a military camp, where many people were held for extended periods in dungeon-like conditions.[15]

Renovation (2008–2023) edit

In 2008, the government underwent a major renovation of the stadium in response to FIFA's recommendations to bring it up to international standards. The rejuvenation included upgrades to the wardrobe facilities, sound systems, lighting, electronic marker tables, seating arrangements, press gallery, security systems, and fire safety measures. The project cost a significant $15 million and involved a team of four experts, including technicians from the Netherlands, South Africa, and Norway. To ensure top-quality turf, the Dutch company Edell Grass brought in 140 tons of synthetic rollers and 150 tons of sand in containers from the port of Boma to Kinshasa.[16]

In June 2021, the former Ministry of Sports, Serge Tshembo Nkonde, allocated almost $5 million for the Stadium's renovation in anticipation of an inspection visit by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).[17] However, after completing the renovation and applying to host international matches, the CAF deemed it unsuitable on February 19, 2023.[17][18][19] The CAF noted that the Congolese state must complete the necessary work before requesting a new inspection for CAF's approval.[17][18] The CAF found that the overall quality of the work completed in the stadium was not satisfactory according to the standards required for a modern stadium. The detailed February 9 report highlighted several issues, including the "non-existent" media space, internet connection, press conference rooms, medical facilities, and referees' locker rooms that required improvements.[17] Additionally, the stadium's outer perimeter areas "do not guarantee a safe and secure environment for hosting international football matches, as these areas are abandoned and without any proper maintenance."[17]

As of April 2023, the construction and site development work was approximately 80% complete. The ACGT (Agence Congolaise des Grands Travaux) was already carrying out the work at the Martyrs' stadium, according to a dispatch from the presidency's communication unit.[20] On May 17, President Felix Tshisekedi visited the two gymnasiums under construction, with capacities of 3000 and 2000. During this inspection visit, President Tshisekedi also went to the Tata Raphaël Stadium.[21] By July 2023, student homes and numerous infrastructures had been rehabilitated, and the Stadium was supplied with water with cisterns installed by Regideso (Régie de distribution d'eau).[22][23][24]

Other uses edit

While primarily serving as a sports venue, the Stade des Martyrs also hosts cultural events, concerts, and gatherings of national significance. Some notable high-profile appearances include:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Brockhaus, Hannah (2 February 2023). "Pope Francis to Congolese Youth: Prayer is Your Secret Weapon for Peace". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  2. ^ Harlan, Chico (2 February 2023). "A rejuvenated Pope Francis revels in Congo's energy". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  3. ^ a b Says, Felix Muthamia Mworia. "ExecutedToday.com » 1966: Evariste Kimba and three other "plotters" against Mobutu". Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  4. ^ Say, Michel-Ange Mupapa (2004). Le Congo et l'Afrique à l'orée du troisième millénaire: la pathogénie d'un sous-développement (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Presses universitaires du Congo. p. 214.
  5. ^ "100,000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex-Premier and 3 Others". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  6. ^ "Francophonie Games in Kinshasa moved back to 2022". www.insidethegames.biz. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  7. ^ "DR Congo intensifies street security ahead of Francophone Games". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  8. ^ a b Greenbaum, Eli (2017-11-07). Emerald Labyrinth: A Scientist's Adventures in the Jungles of the Congo. Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States: University Press of New England. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-5126-0120-6.
  9. ^ Says, Felix Muthamia Mworia. "ExecutedToday.com » 1966: Evariste Kimba and three other "plotters" against Mobutu". Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  10. ^ Mwanza, Nelson (2021-04-14). "Africa's Top Five Soccer Stadium by Crowd Capacity - Football World • street footie". street footie. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  11. ^ Infocongo (2021-08-06). "Sport : Le Stade des Martyrs fait peau neuve, les travaux de réfection avancent à grand pas - Infocongo" (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  12. ^ "100,000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex-Premier and 3 Others". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  13. ^ "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte - Congo | Sportskeeda". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  14. ^ "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte - Congo | Sportskeeda". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  15. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | République démocratique du Congo (RDC) : information indiquant si le stade Kamanyola, maintenant appelé le stade des Martyrs, a servi de prison, notamment pour les dignitaires du régime de Mobutu et/ou ceux soupçonnés de collaboration avec ce régime (1997-1998)". Refworld. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  16. ^ "Archives des Stade des Martyrs - Page 3 sur 31". Foot RDC (in French). 1987-05-13. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  17. ^ a b c d e Elisha, Iragi (2023-02-20). "Le ministère des Sports a dépensé plus de 5 millions de dollars pour la rénovation du Stade des Martyrs". Foot RDC (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  18. ^ a b Sumaïli, Remias (2023-04-18). "RDC : Réouverture partielle du Stade des Martyrs". LEOPARD LEADER FOOT (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  19. ^ "Non-homologation stades des Martyrs et Kibassa Maliba par la CAF". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-02-21. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  20. ^ "IXe jeux de la Francophonie: les travaux de construction et aménagement des sites exécutés à environ 80%". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-04-09. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  21. ^ "IXe Jeux de la Francophonie : Félix Tshisekedi exhorte les entreprises à pied d'œuvre à doubler d'efforts". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-05-18. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  22. ^ "IXèmes jeux de la Francophonie: quel regard à 24 heures de la cérémonie d'ouverture ... les Kinois s'expriment !". Actualite.cd (in French). 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  23. ^ "Félix Tshisekedi : « Tout a été mis en œuvre pour que cette IXe édition des Jeux de la Francophonie soit un franc succès »". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  24. ^ "Pour le Cardinal Ambongo, les Jeux de la Francophonie sont « un moment de joie immense et de fierté légitime pour tout un peuple »". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  25. ^ Cadasse, David (2003-08-07). "Le phénomène Werra". Afrik (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  26. ^ Kanka, Joseph (January 6, 2003). "Congo-Kinshasa: Wenge Musica Maison Mère: Werrason a rempli son contrat au stade des Martyrs". AllAfrica. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  27. ^ Kivuila, Cinardo (2016-03-02). "Fally Ipupa, au Stade des Martyrs, le 25 juin 2016". Eventsrdc.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  28. ^ "Tous les leaders de Wenge Musica se réconcilient à Paris". TOP CONGO FM. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  29. ^ "Stampede at Fally Ipupa concert kills 11 in DRC's capital". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  30. ^ "Héritier Watanabe au stade des Martyrs: «J'ai été interpellé…avec interdiction d'atteindre 80.000 personnes»". Strong2kin Moov (in French). 2022-12-26. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  31. ^ "Les jeunes Congolais accueillent le pape François au stade des Martyrs à Kinshasa". RFI (in French). 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  32. ^ Henriot, Marine (2023-02-02). "Avec les jeunes Congolais, François exhorte à rejeter la corruption - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  33. ^ "Controversy surrounds Victoria Kimani's performance at historic concert". Joeros TV. 2023-06-26. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stade des Martyrs (Kinshasa).

4°19′49.5″S 15°18′36.0″E / 4.330417°S 15.310000°E / -4.330417; 15.310000

December 07, 2023
stade, martyrs, pentecôte, formerly, known, stade, kamanyola, simply, national, stadium, democratic, republic, congo, located, kinshasa, commune, capital, kinshasa, with, seating, capacity, largest, stadium, fourth, largest, stadium, africa, serves, home, stad. The Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote formerly known as Stade Kamanyola or simply the Stade des Martyrs is the national stadium of the Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC located in the Kinshasa commune of the capital Kinshasa With a seating capacity of 80 000 it is the largest stadium in the DRC and the fourth largest stadium in Africa It serves as the home stadium for the Congolese football national team AS Vita Club and DCMP making it the largest multifunctional venue in the country 1 2 Stade des Martyrs de la PentecoteStade des Martyrs de la Pentecote Kinshasa March 2022Full nameStade des Martyrs de la PentecoteFormer namesKamanyola Stadium 1994 1997 LocationKinshasa Democratic Republic of the CongoCapacity80 000SurfaceSynthetic LawnConstructionBroke groundOctober 14 1998 25 years ago 1998 10 14 BuiltOctober 14 1993 30 years ago 1993 10 14 OpenedSeptember 14 1994 29 years ago 1994 09 14 Renovated2008 2021 and 2023Construction costUS 38 000 000TenantsDR Congo national football team 1994 present AS Vita Club 1994 present Daring Club Motema Pembe 1994 present Originally constructed in 1993 the stadium was renamed in 1997 to honor the ministers including Evariste Kimba Jerome Anany Emmanuel Bamba and Alexandre Mahamba who were publicly hanged in Leopoldville present day Kinshasa on Pentecost 2 June 1966 3 4 5 It hosted the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie which accommodated approximately 3 000 athletes from over 40 countries featuring athletics basketball football wrestling and cycling 6 7 Contents 1 History 1 1 Etymology and construction 1 2 From Stade Kamanyola to Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote 2 Controversy 3 Renovation 2008 2023 4 Other uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editEtymology and construction edit Originally named Stade Kamanyola the appellation Kamanyola is rooted in the Kamanyola groupement situated in the Walungu Territory of South Kivu Province The region was a border town and historic site where Mobutu s Forces Armees Zairoises FAZ landed a key victory against the Mulelist insurgency and captured the Kamanyola Bridge in 1964 8 To commemorate this pivotal victory Mobutu immortalized the name Kamanyola into various aspects of his opulence including his extravagant yacht Kamanyola Division and later commissioned the construction of Stade Kamanyola 8 The construction commenced on October 14 1988 and it was complete five years later on October 14 1993 The official inauguration took place on September 14 1994 with a friendly exhibition match between the Leopards of Zaire and Malawi The financial investment amounted to approximately 38 million and was expertly overseen by a Chinese consortium in consonance with the grandiloquent projects emblematic of Mobutu Sese Seko s reign It replaced the former National Stadium Stade Tata Raphael Tout Puissant Mazembe a Congolese professional football club based in Lubumbashi frequently contested away fixtures at the stadium 9 10 11 From Stade Kamanyola to Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote edit Following the ousting of Mobutu from power by AFDL Alliance des Forces Democratiques pour la Liberation du Congo Zaire led by Laurent Desire Kabila in 1997 the stadium was renamed Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote in memory of four ministers purged by Mobutu Sese Seko and hanged at the site on June 2 1966 Evariste Kimba Jerome Anany Emmanuel Bamba and Alexandre Mahamba 3 12 In 1998 during a football match between AS Vita Club and Motema Pembe at the Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa government troops opened fire resulting in the tragic loss of four people 13 On December 5 2004 the Democratic Republic of the Congo achieved its first victory over South Africa in a historic match at the Stade des Martyrs 14 Controversy editDuring Laurent Desire Kabila s rule the stadium became the center of controversy and criticism from human rights organizations It was alleged to have been used as a prison for dignitaries of the former Mobutu regime and individuals suspected of collaborating with it Reports from organizations like Journaliste en danger JED a Congolese non governmental organization for the defense of press freedom affiliated with Reporters Without Borders RSF and the International Freedom of Expression Exchange IFEX highlighted the use of the stadium as a military camp where many people were held for extended periods in dungeon like conditions 15 Renovation 2008 2023 editIn 2008 the government underwent a major renovation of the stadium in response to FIFA s recommendations to bring it up to international standards The rejuvenation included upgrades to the wardrobe facilities sound systems lighting electronic marker tables seating arrangements press gallery security systems and fire safety measures The project cost a significant 15 million and involved a team of four experts including technicians from the Netherlands South Africa and Norway To ensure top quality turf the Dutch company Edell Grass brought in 140 tons of synthetic rollers and 150 tons of sand in containers from the port of Boma to Kinshasa 16 In June 2021 the former Ministry of Sports Serge Tshembo Nkonde allocated almost 5 million for the Stadium s renovation in anticipation of an inspection visit by the Confederation of African Football CAF 17 However after completing the renovation and applying to host international matches the CAF deemed it unsuitable on February 19 2023 17 18 19 The CAF noted that the Congolese state must complete the necessary work before requesting a new inspection for CAF s approval 17 18 The CAF found that the overall quality of the work completed in the stadium was not satisfactory according to the standards required for a modern stadium The detailed February 9 report highlighted several issues including the non existent media space internet connection press conference rooms medical facilities and referees locker rooms that required improvements 17 Additionally the stadium s outer perimeter areas do not guarantee a safe and secure environment for hosting international football matches as these areas are abandoned and without any proper maintenance 17 As of April 2023 the construction and site development work was approximately 80 complete The ACGT Agence Congolaise des Grands Travaux was already carrying out the work at the Martyrs stadium according to a dispatch from the presidency s communication unit 20 On May 17 President Felix Tshisekedi visited the two gymnasiums under construction with capacities of 3000 and 2000 During this inspection visit President Tshisekedi also went to the Tata Raphael Stadium 21 By July 2023 student homes and numerous infrastructures had been rehabilitated and the Stadium was supplied with water with cisterns installed by Regideso Regie de distribution d eau 22 23 24 Other uses editWhile primarily serving as a sports venue the Stade des Martyrs also hosts cultural events concerts and gatherings of national significance Some notable high profile appearances include In August 2003 Wenge Musica BCBG delivered a legendary performance in front of 80 000 fans at the stadium 25 26 On June 25 2016 Quartier Latin International celebrated the band s 30th anniversary at the Stade des Martyrs 27 On June 30 2022 Wenge Musica BCBG reunited for a performance at the venue 28 On October 29 2022 Fally Ipupa delivered a legendary performance at Stade des Martyrs drawing 120 000 fans surpassing its 80 000 capacity for his album Formule 7 29 On December 25 2022 Heritier Watanabe held a sold out performance here 30 Pope Francis presided over a congregational assembly attended by 80 000 youthful Congolese and catechists at Stade des Martyrs on February 2 2023 denouncing tribalism xenophobia and corruption 31 32 On June 24 2023 Ferre Gola performed at the stadium alongside Victoria Kimani attracting over 100 000 fans 33 See also editStade Cardinal MalulaReferences edit Brockhaus Hannah 2 February 2023 Pope Francis to Congolese Youth Prayer is Your Secret Weapon for Peace National Catholic Register Retrieved 2 February 2023 Harlan Chico 2 February 2023 A rejuvenated Pope Francis revels in Congo s energy Washington Post Retrieved 2 February 2023 a b Says Felix Muthamia Mworia ExecutedToday com 1966 Evariste Kimba and three other plotters against Mobutu Retrieved 2023 07 28 Say Michel Ange Mupapa 2004 Le Congo et l Afrique a l oree du troisieme millenaire la pathogenie d un sous developpement in French Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Presses universitaires du Congo p 214 100 000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex Premier and 3 Others The New York Times Retrieved 2023 07 28 Francophonie Games in Kinshasa moved back to 2022 www insidethegames biz 2020 04 23 Retrieved 2023 07 28 DR Congo intensifies street security ahead of Francophone Games www aljazeera com Retrieved 2023 07 28 a b Greenbaum Eli 2017 11 07 Emerald Labyrinth A Scientist s Adventures in the Jungles of the Congo Lebanon New Hampshire United States University Press of New England p 169 ISBN 978 1 5126 0120 6 Says Felix Muthamia Mworia ExecutedToday com 1966 Evariste Kimba and three other plotters against Mobutu Retrieved 2023 07 28 Mwanza Nelson 2021 04 14 Africa s Top Five Soccer Stadium by Crowd Capacity Football World street footie street footie Retrieved 2023 07 28 Infocongo 2021 08 06 Sport Le Stade des Martyrs fait peau neuve les travaux de refection avancent a grand pas Infocongo in French Retrieved 2023 07 28 100 000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex Premier and 3 Others The New York Times Retrieved 2023 07 28 Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote Congo Sportskeeda www sportskeeda com Retrieved 2023 07 28 Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote Congo Sportskeeda www sportskeeda com Retrieved 2023 07 28 Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refworld Republique democratique du Congo RDC information indiquant si le stade Kamanyola maintenant appele le stade des Martyrs a servi de prison notamment pour les dignitaires du regime de Mobutu et ou ceux soupconnes de collaboration avec ce regime 1997 1998 Refworld Retrieved 2023 07 28 Archives des Stade des Martyrs Page 3 sur 31 Foot RDC in French 1987 05 13 Retrieved 2023 07 28 a b c d e Elisha Iragi 2023 02 20 Le ministere des Sports a depense plus de 5 millions de dollars pour la renovation du Stade des Martyrs Foot RDC in French Retrieved 2023 07 28 a b Sumaili Remias 2023 04 18 RDC Reouverture partielle du Stade des Martyrs LEOPARD LEADER FOOT in French Retrieved 2023 07 28 Non homologation stades des Martyrs et Kibassa Maliba par la CAF Radio Okapi in French 2023 02 21 Retrieved 2023 07 28 IXe jeux de la Francophonie les travaux de construction et amenagement des sites executes a environ 80 Radio Okapi in French 2023 04 09 Retrieved 2023 07 28 IXe Jeux de la Francophonie Felix Tshisekedi exhorte les entreprises a pied d œuvre a doubler d efforts Radio Okapi in French 2023 05 18 Retrieved 2023 07 28 IXemes jeux de la Francophonie quel regard a 24 heures de la ceremonie d ouverture les Kinois s expriment Actualite cd in French 2023 07 27 Retrieved 2023 07 28 Felix Tshisekedi Tout a ete mis en œuvre pour que cette IXe edition des Jeux de la Francophonie soit un franc succes Radio Okapi in French 2023 07 29 Retrieved 2023 09 12 Pour le Cardinal Ambongo les Jeux de la Francophonie sont un moment de joie immense et de fierte legitime pour tout un peuple Radio Okapi in French 2023 07 30 Retrieved 2023 09 12 Cadasse David 2003 08 07 Le phenomene Werra Afrik in French Retrieved 2023 09 12 Kanka Joseph January 6 2003 Congo Kinshasa Wenge Musica Maison Mere Werrason a rempli son contrat au stade des Martyrs AllAfrica Retrieved 2023 09 12 Kivuila Cinardo 2016 03 02 Fally Ipupa au Stade des Martyrs le 25 juin 2016 Eventsrdc com in French Retrieved 2023 09 12 Tous les leaders de Wenge Musica se reconcilient a Paris TOP CONGO FM Retrieved 2023 09 12 Stampede at Fally Ipupa concert kills 11 in DRC s capital www aljazeera com Retrieved 2023 09 12 Heritier Watanabe au stade des Martyrs J ai ete interpelle avec interdiction d atteindre 80 000 personnes Strong2kin Moov in French 2022 12 26 Retrieved 2023 09 12 Les jeunes Congolais accueillent le pape Francois au stade des Martyrs a Kinshasa RFI in French 2023 02 02 Retrieved 2023 09 12 Henriot Marine 2023 02 02 Avec les jeunes Congolais Francois exhorte a rejeter la corruption Vatican News www vaticannews va in French Retrieved 2023 09 12 Controversy surrounds Victoria Kimani s performance at historic concert Joeros TV 2023 06 26 Retrieved 2023 09 12 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stade des Martyrs Kinshasa Photos at cafe daum net stade Photos Archived 2017 02 13 at the Wayback Machine at worldstadiums com Archived 2006 03 16 at the Wayback Machine Stadium picture Photo at fussballtempel net 4 19 49 5 S 15 18 36 0 E 4 330417 S 15 310000 E 4 330417 15 310000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stade des Martyrs amp oldid 1186791813, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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