St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin
St. Mary's Abbey (Irish: Mainistir Mhuire) was a former Cistercian abbey located near the junction of Abbey Street and Capel Street in Dublin, Ireland. Its territory stretched from the district known as Oxmanstown down along the River Liffey until it met the sea. It also owned large estates in other parts of Ireland. It was one of several liberties that existed in Dublin since the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century, which gave it jurisdiction over its lands.
Mainistir Mhuire | |
St Marys' Abbey - axonometric model on urban quarter | |
Location within Central Dublin | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Order of Saint Benedict (846–1139) Congregation of Savigny (1139–1147) Cistercian Order (1147–1539) |
| Established | AD 846 |
| Disestablished | 1539 |
| Dedicated to | Mary, mother of Jesus |
| Diocese | Dublin |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid |
| Abbot | Walter Champfleur (c.1468-99), John Orum (1499-?) |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Museum |
| Heritage designation | National Monument |
| Style | Cistercian |
| Site | |
| Location | Abbey Street, Dublin, Ireland |
| Coordinates | 53°20′51″N 6°16′09″W / 53.3475°N 6.269167°W |
| Public access | yes |
| Official name | St. Mary's Abbey |
| Reference no. | 401[1] |
History edit
The abbey was founded by the Irish king Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid (died 862) in 846, according to the Annals of the Four Masters. It was originally Benedictine, but in 1139 was given by Malachy O'Morga, the legate of the Pope, to monks belonging to the Congregation of Savigny, which in 1147 joined the Cistercian order.[2]
In 1303, a great part of the abbey and church was destroyed by fire but was reconstructed. However, many of the city records and Court pleadings in the chancery stored in the abbey were destroyed.[3] The abbey was one of the largest and richest in Ireland at that time. A series of charters and statutes of the Parliament of Ireland increased its liberties, including the right to claim goods salvaged from shipwrecks on the coast of County Dublin, and the right to deal with their lands in territories controlled by the "hostile Irish" without incurring the usual penalties. [4]
In 1316, Robert de Nottingham, then Mayor of Dublin, attacked the abbey where the Earl of Ulster, Richard Óg de Burgh, was visiting. De Burgh was suspected of having brought Edward Bruce, who was then marching on Dublin, to Ireland. Several of de Burgh's men were killed before he was captured, and as the monks were suspected of supporting Bruce, the abbey was laid waste.
In the fifteenth century Walter Champfleur became Abbot of St Mary's in 1467, and held office for more than thirty years. He was a political figure of some importance, due partly to his close association with Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, to whom he acted as a political and financial adviser. He was briefly Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland in 1482-3. He died around 1498, much mourned by his Order as an "aged, prudent and learned man".
At a meeting of the Privy Council in the Chapter House, Silken Thomas started his rebellion of 1534 here, by throwing down his Sword of State.[5]
Burials in the abbey edit
Abbey became an arsenal edit
After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 the property was given over to John Travers and the church became an arsenal and part of a quarry. The spacious lands which had been owned by the monks came in time to be let to persons who desired to build residences or places of business thereon.[2]
Abbey became a private residence edit
In 1619, Sir Gerald Moore of Mellifont, Drogheda, received from King James I of England a grant of the abbey, together with its tithes and lands. He later became Viscount Moore of Mellifont. The family of Moore made the Abbey their Dublin residence up to the close of the 17th century, and it was Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda, who built himself a mansion on what is now O'Connell Street and developed Henry, Moore and Earl streets.[2]
In 1676, stone from the ruins of the Abbey were used in the building of Essex Bridge (now Grattan Bridge, leading to Parliament Street).[2]
Non-Conformist Chapels edit
There were two non-conformist chapels on the St. Mary's Abbey site. Meeting House Lane, gets its name from the non-conformist chapel. One known as Burghers (Capel Street) and the other Seceders or Non-Burghers. The Capel Street Congregation, which became the Abbey Presbyterian Church now on Parnell Square, and the Union Chapel which moved in 1836 to Lower Abbey Street. The Capel Street Congregation Chapel was incorporated into Bolands Bakery,[6] following its move to Rutland (Parnell) Square.
Mary’s Abbey Synagogue edit
Following the closure of Stafford Street Synagogue, in 1836, the congregation under Rabbi Issac Davidson, purchased the former non-conformist chapel (used by the Union Chapel before the moved to Lower Abbey Street, the sale caused a major conflict within the church)[7] on part of the old abbey (at 12 Mary's Abbey). Davidson was succeeded as Rabbi by Julius Sandheim.[8] The synagogue operated until 1892, when it moved to Adelaide Road.
Abbey lands became Glasnevin Cemetery edit
Dr.Charles Lindsay, Dean of Christ Church Cathedral (1804–46) and afterwards Bishop of Kildare, acquired the old monastic lands of Glasnevin, which had once belonged to the abbey. These were purchased around 1832 to form what is now Glasnevin Cemetery.[2]
Re-discovery edit
The abbey was only rediscovered, 7 feet (2 m) underground and underneath a bakery, in the 1880s, by an amateur archaeologist. His findings were publicized by John Thomas Gilbert. Parts of the old adjoining walls can still be seen. The building is now in the care of Heritage Ireland. The Chapter House is ordinarily open to visitors, by descending a stone staircase.[9] As of May 2015[update] the site is closed until further notice.[10]
Recent developments edit
In 2023, as part of the excavation of the area for the construction of a hotel, the remains of over 100 skeletons dating back to the early 11th century were found on the site.[11]
In 2014, Trinity College Dublin paid almost €250,000 for a manuscript produced at the abbey dated from 1304.[12][13]
See also edit
References edit
Sources edit
- Primary
- Gilbert, John Thomas (1884). Chartularies of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin: with the Register of its house at Dunbrody and Annals of Ireland. London: Longman. (2 volumes; Volume 2 on Internet Archive)
- White, Newport B., ed. (1943). Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions 1540–1541; from manuscripts in the Public Record Office, London. Dublin: Stationery Office for the Irish Manuscripts Commission.
- Secondary
- Gilbert, John (1854). A History of the City of Dublin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Gwynn, A. (1949). "The Origins of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 79 (1/2, Centenary Volume). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 110–125. JSTOR 25510691.
- Lawlor, H. J. (30 June 1926). "The Foundation of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Sixth Series. 16 (1). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 22–28. JSTOR 25513386.
- Ó Conbhuí [Conway], C[olmcille]. (Séamus) (1961–63). "The Lands of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C. 62. Royal Irish Academy: 21–86. JSTOR 25505103.
- Tutty, Michael J. (September 1971). "Editorial: St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin". Dublin Historical Record. 24 (4). Old Dublin Society: 88. JSTOR 30103890.
- "Review "St Mary's Abbey, Dublin" by the Rev Albert J. Luddy". The Irish Monthly. 63 (741). Irish Jesuit Province: 201. March 1935. JSTOR 20513727.
- "Review "Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions 1540-1541" Edited by Newport B. White". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Seventh Series. 14 (2). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 95–96. 30 June 1944. JSTOR 25510436.
- Wright, George Newenham (1825). "An Historical Guide to the City of Dublin". Online book. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
Citations edit
- ^ "National Monuments of County Dublin in State Care" (PDF). heritageireland.ie. National Monument Service. p. 1. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Peter, A. (1927). Dublin Fragments: Social and Historic. Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co.
- ^ M'Gregor, A New Picture of Dublin, 1821
- ^ E.g. Statute 15 and 16 Edward IV c.78
- ^ St. Mary's Abbey Chapter House Architecture of Dublin, www.archiseek.com
- ^ 1870 Boland's Bakery, 133-136 Capel Street Dublin Architecture of Dublin
- ^ Union Chapel Lower Abbey St. Dublin Accredited Genealogists Ireland, July 2016.
- ^ 12 Mary's Abbey, Chapel St. (1836–1892) - Dublin Hebrew Congregation, Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain.
- ^ Ó Conghaile, P. (2013). Secret Dublin. Paris: Jonglez
- ^ "St Marys Abbey Dublin". Heritage Ireland. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ "Skeletal remains dating back 1,000 years found on site of planned Dublin hotel". BreakingNews.ie. 7 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ Murray, Niall (20 March 2015). "Manuscript returns to Dublin 400 years after leaving". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "A SAMMELBAND OF SECULAR TEXTS". www.christies.com/. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
External links edit
- Heritage Ireland web page about the abbey
- History Ireland webpage about the abbey, from a 2011 issue of the magazine