Spooky toxin (SsTx) is a small peptideneurotoxin. It is found in the venom of Chinese red-headed centipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans), also known as golden head centipedes. It is originally composed of 76 amino acids (sequence: MEKKIIFLVFLVAL LALPGFISTEVIKK DTPYKKRKFPYKSEC LKACATSFTG GDESRIQEGKPG FFKCTCYFTTG, disulfide bonds Cys43-Cys69, Cys47-Cys71), with a molecular weight of 6017.5 daltons, but loses the first 23 residues and becomes 53 residues long (sequence EVIKKDTPYKKRKFPYKSECLKACATSFTGGDESRIQEGKPGFFKCTCYFTTG, disulfide bonds Cys20-Cys46, Cys24-Cys48). SsTx is currently thought to be unique to Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans.
By blocking KCNQ channels (preventing potassium from flowing into and out of cells) SsTx disrupts cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, and nervous systems; where snake venoms typically only affect circulatory or nervous systems, and venom from spiders, scorpions, and snails typically only target nervous systems. This allows for golden headed centipedes to target larger prey up to 15 times their size.[1]
Applicationsedit
The venom of the Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans is already being widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries.[2] Claimed medicinal uses include antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anticancer.[3][4][5]
^Luo L, Li B, Wang S, Wu F, Wang X, Liang P, et al. (February 2018). "Centipedes subdue giant prey by blocking KCNQ channels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (7): 1646–1651. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.1646L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714760115. PMC5816164. PMID 29358396.
^Pemberton RW (June 1999). "Insects and other arthropods used as drugs in Korean traditional medicine". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 65 (3): 207–16. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00209-8. PMID 10404418.
^Yoo WG, Lee JH, Shin Y, Shim JY, Jung M, Kang BC, et al. (June 2014). "Antimicrobial peptides in the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans". Functional & Integrative Genomics. 14 (2): 275–83. doi:10.1007/s10142-014-0366-3. PMID 24652097. S2CID 18793966.
^Wenhua R, Shuangquan Z, Daxiang S, Kaiya Z, Guang Y (April 2006). "Induction, purification and characterization of an antibacterial peptide scolopendrin I from the venom of centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans". Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 43 (2): 88–93. PMID 16955756.
^Lee JH, Kim IW, Kim SH, Kim MA, Yun EY, Nam SH, et al. (August 2015). "Anticancer Activity of the Antimicrobial Peptide Scolopendrasin VII Derived from the Centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans". Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 25 (8): 1275–80. doi:10.4014/jmb.1503.03091. PMID 25907065.
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spooky, toxin, spooky, toxin, sstx, small, peptide, neurotoxin, found, venom, chinese, headed, centipedes, scolopendra, subspinipes, mutilans, also, known, golden, head, centipedes, originally, composed, amino, acids, sequence, mekkiiflvflval, lalpgfistevikk, . Spooky toxin SsTx is a small peptide neurotoxin It is found in the venom of Chinese red headed centipedes Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans also known as golden head centipedes It is originally composed of 76 amino acids sequence MEKKIIFLVFLVAL LALPGFISTEVIKK DTPYKKRKFPYKSEC LKACATSFTG GDESRIQEGKPG FFKCTCYFTTG disulfide bonds Cys43 Cys69 Cys47 Cys71 with a molecular weight of 6017 5 daltons but loses the first 23 residues and becomes 53 residues long sequence EVIKKDTPYKKRKFPYKSECLKACATSFTGGDESRIQEGKPGFFKCTCYFTTG disulfide bonds Cys20 Cys46 Cys24 Cys48 SsTx is currently thought to be unique to Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Spooky toxin3D structure of spooky toxinIdentifiersOrganismScolopendra subspinipes mutilansSymbolSsTxPDB5X0SBy blocking KCNQ channels preventing potassium from flowing into and out of cells SsTx disrupts cardiovascular respiratory muscular and nervous systems where snake venoms typically only affect circulatory or nervous systems and venom from spiders scorpions and snails typically only target nervous systems This allows for golden headed centipedes to target larger prey up to 15 times their size 1 Applications editThe venom of the Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans is already being widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries 2 Claimed medicinal uses include antimicrobial antibacterial and anticancer 3 4 5 See also editCharybdotoxinReferences edit Luo L Li B Wang S Wu F Wang X Liang P et al February 2018 Centipedes subdue giant prey by blocking KCNQ channels Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 7 1646 1651 Bibcode 2018PNAS 115 1646L doi 10 1073 pnas 1714760115 PMC 5816164 PMID 29358396 Pemberton RW June 1999 Insects and other arthropods used as drugs in Korean traditional medicine Journal of Ethnopharmacology 65 3 207 16 doi 10 1016 S0378 8741 98 00209 8 PMID 10404418 Yoo WG Lee JH Shin Y Shim JY Jung M Kang BC et al June 2014 Antimicrobial peptides in the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Functional amp Integrative Genomics 14 2 275 83 doi 10 1007 s10142 014 0366 3 PMID 24652097 S2CID 18793966 Wenhua R Shuangquan Z Daxiang S Kaiya Z Guang Y April 2006 Induction purification and characterization of an antibacterial peptide scolopendrin I from the venom of centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Indian Journal of Biochemistry amp Biophysics 43 2 88 93 PMID 16955756 Lee JH Kim IW Kim SH Kim MA Yun EY Nam SH et al August 2015 Anticancer Activity of the Antimicrobial Peptide Scolopendrasin VII Derived from the Centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 25 8 1275 80 doi 10 4014 jmb 1503 03091 PMID 25907065 nbsp This neurotoxin article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ssm spooky toxin amp oldid 1186196699, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
