In fluid mechanics, a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water). The disturbance is typically caused by a solid object suddenly hitting the surface, although splashes can occur in which moving liquid supplies the energy. This use of the word is onomatopoeic; in the past, the term "plash" has also been used.
A splash after half a brick hits the water; the image is about half a metre across.
A drop of water splashing onto a hard surface
A drop of water splashing onto a water surface, showing the formation of a back-jet
Slow motion video of a fruit falling into water.
Splash also happens when a liquid droplet impacts on a liquid or a solid surface;[citation needed] in this case, a symmetric corona (resembling a coronet) is usually formed as shown in Harold Edgerton's famous milk splash photography, as milk is opaque.[citation needed] Historically, Worthington (1908) was the first one who systematically investigated the splash dynamics using photographs.[citation needed]
Splashes are characterized by transient ballistic flow, and are governed by the Reynolds number and the Weber number. In the image of a brick splashing into water, one can identify freely moving airborne water droplets, a phenomenon typical of high Reynolds number flows; the intricate non-spherical shapes of the droplets show that the Weber number is high.[citation needed] Also seen are entrained air bubbles in the body of the water, and an expanding ring of disturbance propagating away from the impact site.
Sand is said to splash if hit sufficiently hard (see dry quicksand) and sometimes the impact of a meteorite is referred to as splashing, if small bits of ejecta are formed.
Physicist Lei Xu and coworkers at the University of Chicago discovered that the splash due to the impact of a small drop of ethanol onto a dry solid surface could be suppressed by reducing the pressure below a specific threshold. For drops of diameter 3.4 mm falling through air, this pressure was about 20 kilopascals, or 0.2 atmosphere.[1]
A plate made of a hard material on which a stream of liquid is designed to fall is called a "splash plate". It may serve to protect the ground from erosion by falling water, such as beneath an artificial waterfall or water outlet in soft ground. Splash plates are also part of spray nozzles, such as in irrigation sprinkler systems.[citation needed]
^Xu, Lei; Zhang, Wendy W.; Nagel, Sidney R. (2005-05-11). "Drop Splashing on a Dry Smooth Surface". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 94 (18): 184505. arXiv:physics/0501149. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.184505. ISSN 0031-9007.
February 26, 2023
splash, fluid, mechanics, other, uses, splash, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, january, 2019, . For other uses see Splash disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message In fluid mechanics a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid usually water The disturbance is typically caused by a solid object suddenly hitting the surface although splashes can occur in which moving liquid supplies the energy This use of the word is onomatopoeic in the past the term plash has also been used A splash after half a brick hits the water the image is about half a metre across A drop of water splashing onto a hard surface A drop of water splashing onto a water surface showing the formation of a back jet source source source source source source source source source source Slow motion video of a fruit falling into water Splash also happens when a liquid droplet impacts on a liquid or a solid surface citation needed in this case a symmetric corona resembling a coronet is usually formed as shown in Harold Edgerton s famous milk splash photography as milk is opaque citation needed Historically Worthington 1908 was the first one who systematically investigated the splash dynamics using photographs citation needed Splashes are characterized by transient ballistic flow and are governed by the Reynolds number and the Weber number In the image of a brick splashing into water one can identify freely moving airborne water droplets a phenomenon typical of high Reynolds number flows the intricate non spherical shapes of the droplets show that the Weber number is high citation needed Also seen are entrained air bubbles in the body of the water and an expanding ring of disturbance propagating away from the impact site Sand is said to splash if hit sufficiently hard see dry quicksand and sometimes the impact of a meteorite is referred to as splashing if small bits of ejecta are formed Physicist Lei Xu and coworkers at the University of Chicago discovered that the splash due to the impact of a small drop of ethanol onto a dry solid surface could be suppressed by reducing the pressure below a specific threshold For drops of diameter 3 4 mm falling through air this pressure was about 20 kilopascals or 0 2 atmosphere 1 A plate made of a hard material on which a stream of liquid is designed to fall is called a splash plate It may serve to protect the ground from erosion by falling water such as beneath an artificial waterfall or water outlet in soft ground Splash plates are also part of spray nozzles such as in irrigation sprinkler systems citation needed See also EditDrop impact Slosh other free surface phenomenonReferences Edit Xu Lei Zhang Wendy W Nagel Sidney R 2005 05 11 Drop Splashing on a Dry Smooth Surface Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 94 18 184505 arXiv physics 0501149 doi 10 1103 physrevlett 94 184505 ISSN 0031 9007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Splash fluid mechanics amp oldid 1123556372, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
