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Spatiotemporal patterns are patterns that occur in a wide range of natural phenoma and are characterized by a spatial and temporal patterning. The general rules of pattern formation hold. In contrast to "static", pure spatial patterns, the full complexity of spatiotemporal patterns can only be recognized over time. Any kind of traveling wave is a good example of a spatiotemporal pattern. Besides the shape and amplitude of the wave (spatial part), its time-varying position (and possibly shape) in space is an essential part of the entire pattern.
The distinction between spatial and spatio-temporal patterns in nature is not clear-cut because a static, invariable pattern will never occur in the strict sense. Even rock formations will slowly change on a time-scale of tens of millions of years, therefore the distinction lies in the time scale of change in relation to human experience. Already the snapshot state of a dune will usually be taken as an example of a purely spatial pattern although this is clearly not the case. It is thus apt to say that spatiotemporal patterns in nature are the rule rather than the exception.
Any type of reaction–diffusion system that produces spatial patterns will also, due to the time-dependency of both reactions and diffusion, produce spatiotemporal patterns.
All communication, language, relies on spatiotemporal encoding of information, producing and transmittingsound variations or any type of signal i.e. single building blocks of information that are varied over time. -Even though written language appears to exist only as a (2D) spatial concatenation of letters - strings, it must be decoded sequentially over time. Any kind of language that is understood by organisms is thus eventually a transcoding of neural s.t. signals and will - in successful communication - evoke similar patterns of neural activity in the recipient as they existed in the sender. For example, the warning call of a bird when it perceives a predator will produce a similar type and degree of alarmedness (eventually a certain kind of neural activity pattern) in other individuals even though they have not yet seen or heard the potential attacker.
Criminals show spatiotemporal patterns when planning and executing their activities that may be used to predict their future behaviour. Temporal patterns may apply to preferred times when crimes are committed. Spatial patterns can be identified in potential targets and routes for criminal activities.
Spatial patterns may be used to identify the most likely locations for crimes to occur, or to identify potential escape routes. In addition, criminals often use temporal and spatial patterns to hide their activities, such as by committing crimes in areas with low population density or in areas with limited surveillance. By understanding spatiotemporal patterns in relation to crime, law enforcement and crime prevention professionals can develop strategies to better prevent and respond to criminal activities. For example, law enforcement can use spatiotemporal patterns to identify crime hot spots and to determine the most effective strategies for responding to these areas. In addition, law enforcement and crime prevention professionals can use spatiotemporal patterns to identify and monitor potential suspects or areas of criminal activity. [2]
Literatureedit
Daniel Walgraef (2012). Spatio-Temporal Pattern Formation: With Examples from Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science. ISBN9781461218500.
Referencesedit
^Xiaoying Huang; William C. Troy; Qian Yang; Hongtao Ma; Carlo R. Laing; Steven J. Schiff & Jian-Young Wu (November 3, 2004). "Spiral Waves in Disinhibited Mammalian Neocortex". J. Neurosci. 24 (44): 9897–9902. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2705-04.2004. PMC4413915. PMID 15525774.
^"Crime Analysis Using Spatial Temporal Data | Five23". Retrieved 2023-01-26.
April 13, 2024
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Spatiotemporal pattern news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2015 Spatiotemporal patterns are patterns that occur in a wide range of natural phenoma and are characterized by a spatial and temporal patterning The general rules of pattern formation hold In contrast to static pure spatial patterns the full complexity of spatiotemporal patterns can only be recognized over time Any kind of traveling wave is a good example of a spatiotemporal pattern Besides the shape and amplitude of the wave spatial part its time varying position and possibly shape in space is an essential part of the entire pattern Computer simulation of the Belousov Zhabotinsky reaction which has non equilibrium thermodynamicsThe distinction between spatial and spatio temporal patterns in nature is not clear cut because a static invariable pattern will never occur in the strict sense Even rock formations will slowly change on a time scale of tens of millions of years therefore the distinction lies in the time scale of change in relation to human experience Already the snapshot state of a dune will usually be taken as an example of a purely spatial pattern although this is clearly not the case It is thus apt to say that spatiotemporal patterns in nature are the rule rather than the exception Contents 1 Physics 2 Chemistry 3 Biology 3 1 Neurobiology 3 2 Communication 3 3 Genetics 3 4 Crime 4 Literature 5 ReferencesPhysics editMany hydrodynamical systems show s t pattern formation Rayleigh Benard convection Taylor Couette flow Liquid crystal instabilitiesChemistry editAny type of reaction diffusion system that produces spatial patterns will also due to the time dependency of both reactions and diffusion produce spatiotemporal patterns Biology editNeurobiology edit Neural networks both artificial and natural produce a virtually unbounded variety of s t patterns both in sensory perception learning thinking and reasoning as well as in spontaneous activity It has for example been demonstrated that spiral waves signatures of many excitable systems can occur in neocortical preparations 1 See also Neural coding Electroencephalogram Magnetoencephalogram Synfire chain Self organizing map Central pattern generator and Neural oscillation Communication edit All communication language relies on spatiotemporal encoding of information producing and transmitting sound variations or any type of signal i e single building blocks of information that are varied over time Even though written language appears to exist only as a 2D spatial concatenation of letters strings it must be decoded sequentially over time Any kind of language that is understood by organisms is thus eventually a transcoding of neural s t signals and will in successful communication evoke similar patterns of neural activity in the recipient as they existed in the sender For example the warning call of a bird when it perceives a predator will produce a similar type and degree of alarmedness eventually a certain kind of neural activity pattern in other individuals even though they have not yet seen or heard the potential attacker See also mirror neuron Even artificial languages e g computer languages are not read and interpreted in one step but sequentially thus their meaningfully arranged vocabulary e g computer code can be seen as a s t pattern Genetics edit As a particular type of language the static neglecting random transcription errors recombination and mutation DNA and its transcription pattern over time yields biologically essential s t patterns Gene regulatory networks are responsible for regulation the time course of gene expression level which can be analyzed using expression profiling See also Spatiotemporal gene expression Crime edit Criminals show spatiotemporal patterns when planning and executing their activities that may be used to predict their future behaviour Temporal patterns may apply to preferred times when crimes are committed Spatial patterns can be identified in potential targets and routes for criminal activities Spatial patterns may be used to identify the most likely locations for crimes to occur or to identify potential escape routes In addition criminals often use temporal and spatial patterns to hide their activities such as by committing crimes in areas with low population density or in areas with limited surveillance By understanding spatiotemporal patterns in relation to crime law enforcement and crime prevention professionals can develop strategies to better prevent and respond to criminal activities For example law enforcement can use spatiotemporal patterns to identify crime hot spots and to determine the most effective strategies for responding to these areas In addition law enforcement and crime prevention professionals can use spatiotemporal patterns to identify and monitor potential suspects or areas of criminal activity 2 Literature editDaniel Walgraef 2012 Spatio Temporal Pattern Formation With Examples from Physics Chemistry and Materials Science ISBN 9781461218500 References edit Xiaoying Huang William C Troy Qian Yang Hongtao Ma Carlo R Laing Steven J Schiff amp Jian Young Wu November 3 2004 Spiral Waves in Disinhibited Mammalian Neocortex J Neurosci 24 44 9897 9902 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 2705 04 2004 PMC 4413915 PMID 15525774 Crime Analysis Using Spatial Temporal Data Five23 Retrieved 2023 01 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spatiotemporal pattern amp oldid 1214309257, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
