The South Georgia diving petrel or Georgian diving-petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) is one of five very similar small auk-like diving petrels of the southern oceans. It is native to the South Atlantic and islands of the southern Indian Ocean and south-eastern Australia.
The American ornithologistRobert Cushman Murphy and the zoologist Francis Harper described the South Georgia diving petrel in 1916.[1][2] Its specific name, georgicus, is derived from the South Georgia islands where they identified the species. Other common names include puffinure de Géorgie du Sud (French), Breitschnabel Lummensturmvogel (German), and potoyunco de Georgia (Spanish).[3] A unique New Zealand population is now considered a separate species, the Whenua Hou diving petrel.[4]
Descriptionedit
The South Georgia diving petrel is a small, plump petrel, 180 to 220 mm (7.1–8.7 in) in length and weighing around 90 to 150 g (3.2–5.3 oz).[5] Its plumage is black above and dull white below, and it has a stubby black bill with pale blue edges.[6] The wings have thin white strips. The face and neck can be more brown than black. The legs are blue with posterior black lines down the tarsi.[6] Unless seen very close, it is almost indistinguishable from the common diving petrel; the common diving petrel has brown inner web primary feathers, whereas the South Georgia diving petrel has light inner web feathering. Common diving petrels have smaller and narrower bills than the South Georgia diving petrel,[6][7] and there are also slight size differences.[8]
The South Georgia diving petrel feeds primarily on planktoniccrustaceans, particularly krill, but will also feed on small fish and young cephalopods. Breeding season is October–February.[11] The female lays one egg that is incubated for 44–52 days. Fledging occurs in 43–60 days.[5] Threats to the South Georgia diving petrel include skuas, cats and rats. South Georgia diving petrels are noted for their diving capabilities: "The most proficient divers of the order Procellariformes are likely to be the diving petrels in the family Pelecanoididae."[12] Dive depths for the South Georgia diving petrel have been recorded to 48.6 m (159 ft), with most in the range of 20.4 to 24.4 m (67–80 ft).[12]
^"South Georgia Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus)". Internet Bird Collection. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
^Fischer, Johannes H.; Debski, Igor; Miskelly, Colin M.; Bost, Charles A.; Fromant, Aymeric; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Tessler, Jake; Cole, Rosalind; Hiscock, Johanna H. (2018-06-27). "Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand". PLOS ONE. 13 (6): e0197766. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1397766F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197766. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC6021066. PMID 29949581.
^Brooke, Michael (2004). Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 428–430. ISBN978-0-19-850125-1.
^"A Comparison Between Common and South Georgia Diving Petrels". Sea Birding. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
^Holdaway, Richard N.; Jones, Martin D.; Beavan Athfield, Nancy R. (2003). "Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand, during the late Holocene". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 33 (3): 601–622. doi:10.1080/03014223.2003.9517748. S2CID 140188250.
^Fischer, Johannes H.; Hjorsvarsdottir, Freydis O.; Hiscock, Johanna A.; Debski, Igor; Taylor, Graeme A.; Wittmer, Heiko U. (2017). "Confirmation of the extinction of South Georgian diving petrels (Pelecanoides georgicus) on Enderby Island" (PDF). Notornis. 64: 48–51. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
^ abPrince, P. A.; M. Jones (1992). "Maximum dive depths attained by South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus at Bird Island, South Georgia". Antarctic Science. 4 (4): 433–434. Bibcode:1992AntSc...4..433P. doi:10.1017/s0954102092000646.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelecanoides georgicus.
Wikispecies has information related to Pelecanoides georgicus.
January 01, 1970
south, georgia, diving, petrel, georgian, diving, petrel, pelecanoides, georgicus, five, very, similar, small, like, diving, petrels, southern, oceans, native, south, atlantic, islands, southern, indian, ocean, south, eastern, australia, conservation, status, . The South Georgia diving petrel or Georgian diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus is one of five very similar small auk like diving petrels of the southern oceans It is native to the South Atlantic and islands of the southern Indian Ocean and south eastern Australia South Georgia diving petrel Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Procellariiformes Family Procellariidae Genus Pelecanoides Species P georgicus Binomial name Pelecanoides georgicusMurphy amp Harper 1916 Contents 1 Taxonomy and nomenclature 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy and nomenclature editThe American ornithologist Robert Cushman Murphy and the zoologist Francis Harper described the South Georgia diving petrel in 1916 1 2 Its specific name georgicus is derived from the South Georgia islands where they identified the species Other common names include puffinure de Georgie du Sud French Breitschnabel Lummensturmvogel German and potoyunco de Georgia Spanish 3 A unique New Zealand population is now considered a separate species the Whenua Hou diving petrel 4 Description editThe South Georgia diving petrel is a small plump petrel 180 to 220 mm 7 1 8 7 in in length and weighing around 90 to 150 g 3 2 5 3 oz 5 Its plumage is black above and dull white below and it has a stubby black bill with pale blue edges 6 The wings have thin white strips The face and neck can be more brown than black The legs are blue with posterior black lines down the tarsi 6 Unless seen very close it is almost indistinguishable from the common diving petrel the common diving petrel has brown inner web primary feathers whereas the South Georgia diving petrel has light inner web feathering Common diving petrels have smaller and narrower bills than the South Georgia diving petrel 6 7 and there are also slight size differences 8 Distribution and habitat editThis species nests in colonies on Subantarctic islands It breeds on South Georgia in the south Atlantic and on the Prince Edward Islands Crozet Islands Kerguelen Islands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean 9 10 It disperses to surrounding seas and vagrants have been recorded in the Falkland Islands and Australia 1 While 1 5 m 4 9 ft nesting burrows are usually built on scree slopes above the vegetation line they are occasionally built on flat land 5 6 Behaviour edit nbsp Egg of Pelecanoides georgicus The South Georgia diving petrel feeds primarily on planktonic crustaceans particularly krill but will also feed on small fish and young cephalopods Breeding season is October February 11 The female lays one egg that is incubated for 44 52 days Fledging occurs in 43 60 days 5 Threats to the South Georgia diving petrel include skuas cats and rats South Georgia diving petrels are noted for their diving capabilities The most proficient divers of the order Procellariformes are likely to be the diving petrels in the family Pelecanoididae 12 Dive depths for the South Georgia diving petrel have been recorded to 48 6 m 159 ft with most in the range of 20 4 to 24 4 m 67 80 ft 12 References edit a b c BirdLife International 2012 Pelecanoides georgicus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012 Retrieved 26 November 2013 old form url Murphy Robert Cushman Harper Francis 1916 Two new diving petrels PDF Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35 65 67 South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus Internet Bird Collection Retrieved 5 June 2011 Fischer Johannes H Debski Igor Miskelly Colin M Bost Charles A Fromant Aymeric Tennyson Alan J D Tessler Jake Cole Rosalind Hiscock Johanna H 2018 06 27 Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand PLOS ONE 13 6 e0197766 Bibcode 2018PLoSO 1397766F doi 10 1371 journal pone 0197766 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 6021066 PMID 29949581 a b c South Georgia Diving Petrel Polar Conservation Retrieved 14 December 2017 a b c d Dewey Tanya Pelecanoides urinatrix Animal Diversity Web Retrieved 5 June 2011 Brooke Michael 2004 Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World Oxford Oxford University Press pp 428 430 ISBN 978 0 19 850125 1 A Comparison Between Common and South Georgia Diving Petrels Sea Birding Retrieved 5 June 2011 Holdaway Richard N Jones Martin D Beavan Athfield Nancy R 2003 Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus at Mason Bay Stewart Island New Zealand during the late Holocene Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33 3 601 622 doi 10 1080 03014223 2003 9517748 S2CID 140188250 Fischer Johannes H Hjorsvarsdottir Freydis O Hiscock Johanna A Debski Igor Taylor Graeme A Wittmer Heiko U 2017 Confirmation of the extinction of South Georgian diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus on Enderby Island PDF Notornis 64 48 51 Retrieved 14 May 2018 South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus BirdLife International Retrieved 5 June 2011 a b Prince P A M Jones 1992 Maximum dive depths attained by South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus at Bird Island South Georgia Antarctic Science 4 4 433 434 Bibcode 1992AntSc 4 433P doi 10 1017 s0954102092000646 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelecanoides georgicus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Pelecanoides georgicus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South Georgia diving petrel amp oldid 1170120392, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
