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South African Class 14B 4-8-2

May 03, 2024

The South African Railways Class 14B 4-8-2 of 1915 was a steam locomotive.

South African Class 14B, 14 & 14R 4-8-2
Class 14B, as built, c. 1921
Type and origin
ʘ Class 14B, saturated steam
♠ Class 14, superheated steam
♥ Class 14R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler
♣ Steel firebox - ♦ Copper firebox
Power typeSteam
DesignerSouth African Railways
BuilderBeyer, Peacock & Company
Order number0788
Serial number5877-5891
ModelClass 14B
Build date1914-1915
Total produced15
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-8-2 (Mountain)
 • UICʘ 2'D1'n2 - ♠♥ 2'D1'h2
Driver2nd coupled axle
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.28+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.48 in (1,219 mm)
Trailing dia.33 in (838 mm)
Tender wheels34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase56 ft 11+3⁄8 in (17,358 mm) ​
 • Engine30 ft 7 in (9,322 mm)
 • Leading6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)
 • Coupled12 ft 9 in (3,886 mm)
 • Tender16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
 • Tender bogie4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:
​
 • Over couplers65 ft 3+1⁄2 in (19,901 mm)
Heightʘ♠ 12 ft 7+1⁄2 in (3,848 mm)
♥ 12 ft 11+3⁄4 in (3,956 mm)
Frame typePlate
Axle loadʘ♠ 16 LT 3 cwt (16,410 kg)
♥♦ 16 LT 10 cwt (16,760 kg) ​
 • Leadingʘ♠ 15 LT 14 cwt (15,950 kg)
♥♦ 15 LT 6 cwt (15,550 kg)
 • 1st coupledʘ♠ 16 LT 1 cwt (16,310 kg)
♥♦ 15 LT 17 cwt (16,100 kg)
 • 2nd coupledʘ♠ 16 LT 3 cwt (16,410 kg)
♥♦ 16 LT 10 cwt (16,760 kg)
 • 3rd coupledʘ♠ 16 LT 3 cwt (16,410 kg)
♥♦ 15 LT 15 cwt (16,000 kg)
 • 4th coupledʘ♠ 16 LT 1 cwt (16,310 kg)
♥♦ 15 LT 11 cwt (15,800 kg)
 • Trailingʘ♠ 10 LT 14 cwt (10,870 kg)
♥♦ 11 LT 10 cwt (11,680 kg)
 • Tender bogieBogie 1: 27 LT 10 cwt (27,940 kg)
Bogie 2: 23 LT 11 cwt (23,930 kg)
 • Tender axle13 LT 15 cwt (13,970 kg)
Adhesive weightʘ♠ 64 LT 8 cwt (65,430 kg)
♥♦ 63 LT 13 cwt (64,670 kg)
Loco weightʘ♠ 90 LT 16 cwt (92,260 kg)
♥♦ 90 LT 4 cwt (91,650 kg)
Tender weight51 LT 1 cwt (51,870 kg)
Total weightʘ♠ 141 LT 17 cwt (144,100 kg)
♥♦ 141 LT 5 cwt (143,500 kg)
Tender typeMP1 (2-axle bogies)
MP, MP1, MR, MS, MT, MT1, MT2, MX, MY, MY1 permitted
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap.4,250 imp gal (19,300 L)
GeneratorPyle National turbo
Firebox:​
 • Typeʘ♠ Belpaire - ♥ Round-top
 • Grate areaʘ 36 sq ft (3.3 m2)
♠♥ 37 sq ft (3.4 m2)
Boiler:
​
 • ModelWatson Standard no. 2
 • Pitchʘ♠ 7 ft 7 in (2,311 mm)
♥ 8 ft 1⁄2 in (2,451 mm)
 • Diameterʘ♠♥ 5 ft 7+1⁄2 in (1,714 mm)
 • Tube platesʘ♠ 19 ft (5,791 mm)
♥♣ 19 ft 4 in (5,893 mm)
♥♦ 19 ft 3+5⁄8 in (5,883 mm)
 • Small tubesʘ 253: 2+1⁄4 in (57 mm)
♠ 139: 2+1⁄4 in (57 mm)
♥ 87: 2+1⁄2 in (64 mm)
 • Large tubes♠ 24: 5+1⁄2 in (140 mm)
♥ 30: 5+1⁄2 in (140 mm)
Boiler pressureʘ 200 psi (1,379 kPa)
♠♥ 190 psi (1,310 kPa)
Safety valve♠ Ramsbottom - ♥ Pop
Heating surface:​
 • Fireboxʘ♠ 150 sq ft (14 m2)
♥ 142 sq ft (13.2 m2)
 • Tubesʘ 2,825 sq ft (262.5 m2)
♠ 2,212 sq ft (205.5 m2)
♥ 1,933 sq ft (179.6 m2)
 • Total surfaceʘ 2,975 sq ft (276.4 m2)
♠ 2,362 sq ft (219.4 m2)
♥ 2,075 sq ft (192.8 m2)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area♠ 540 sq ft (50 m2)
♥ 492 sq ft (45.7 m2)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder sizeʘ 21 in (533 mm) bore
♠♥ 22 in (559 mm) bore
ʘ♠♥ 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve typePiston
CouplersJohnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures
Tractive effortʘ 35,831 lbf (159.38 kN) @ 75%
♠♥ 37,360 lbf (166.2 kN) @ 75%
Career
OperatorsSouth African Railways
ClassClass 14B, 14 & 14R
Number in class15
Numbers1746-1760
Delivered1915
First run1915
Withdrawn1982
Disposition14 scrapped, 1 preserved

In 1915, the South African Railways placed fifteen Class 14B saturated steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement in service. When they were subsequently converted to superheating, they were reclassified to Class 14. In the 1930s all but one were reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers and reclassified to Class 14R.[1][2][3][4]

Manufacturer edit

 
Class 14R no. 1756, 23 March 1979

The third version of the Class 14 locomotive was ordered from Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1914. Fifteen locomotives were delivered in 1915, numbered in the range from 1746 to 1760. These saturated steam versions of the Class 14 were designated Class 14B.[1][2][3][5]

Characteristics edit

Like the Class 14, the Class 14B had Walschaerts valve gear and a Belpaire firebox. Because it was intended for use on the lower section of the Natal mainline, D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR), concluded that no high degree of superheat would be attainable and the locomotives were therefore ordered without superheaters. They were intended for use on the Town Hill section near Pietermaritzburg, where the old line was on a 1 in 30 (3⅓%) gradient and where speeds were low with frequent stops which, it was reasoned, would not justify the use of superheating.[1][2]

Modification and reclassification edit

Once in service, the omission of superheating soon became a bone of contention. About six years after the Class 14B was commissioned, an officer of the Mechanical Department submitted a report which claimed that the loss of haulage power and increased water and coal consumption which were brought about by the absence of superheating on these engines, represented a loss to the SAR of approximately £100,000 when compared with the superheated Class 14. Given that eight years later, in 1929, the purchase price of a new Class 19A locomotive would be £6,387 (£5,323 for the engine and £1,064 for the tender), this was a staggering amount.[1][2][6]

This report caused a flutter in the Railways Administration. The officer who made it, left the service to do very well elsewhere. Conversion of the Class 14B to superheating began soon afterwards. Between 1922 and 1925, all fifteen Class 14B locomotives were converted. Their cylinders were reamed from 21 to 22 inches (533 to 559 millimetres) bore and the boiler pressure reduced from 200 to 190 pounds per square inch (1,379 to 1,310 kilopascals). Since their being non-superheated with smaller cylinders had been the only reasons for their separate Class 14B classification, they were all reclassified to Class 14.[2][3][7][8]

Of all the locomotives introduced during Hendrie's term as CME, the Class 14B was the only one to fall short of expectations. In fairness to Hendrie and his decision to omit superheating, it should be borne in mind that, at the time, automatic dampers were still in use, which cut out the superheater while the regulator was closed. This reduced much of the superheater's effectiveness on undulating track and where frequent stops are required. A report had been submitted in Natal earlier to the effect that superheating was of little or no advantage on that System, where the many short and steep gradients prevented a high degree of superheat from being attained with the automatic dampers in use at the time. In view of the added cost and weight of the superheating equipment, the arguments against it in Natal were therefore considered reasonable at the time.[1][2]

Watson Standard boilers edit

During the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.[3][7][8]

From 1935, all the ex Class 14B locomotives except no. 1750 were reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers and reclassified to Class 14R. Only slight modifications were found necessary to take the new boilers. In the process, the engines were also equipped with Watson cabs with their distinctive slanted fronts, compared to the conventional vertical fronts of the original cabs. The flangeless leading coupled wheels were flanged and Type MR tenders were attached to the reboilered engines. No. 1750 was sold to ISCOR without being reboilered.[2][4][7][8]

Their original Belpaire boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves. An obvious difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover, just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the ex Class 14B locomotives, two even more obvious differences are the Watson cab and the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.[7][8]

Service edit

South African Railways edit

The locomotives were initially in service on the lower sections of the Natal mainline, particularly the Town Hill section near Pietermaritzburg. After their reboilering and the electification of the Natal mainline, most were then allocated to Empangeni in the north and Port Shepstone in the south. In 1976, many were transferred to the Witwatersrand for shunting service. They were all withdrawn from service by 1983.[1][3]

Industrial edit

Five were sold into industrial service:

  • 1750 became ISCOR no. 15 and later Enyati Colliery no. 3.
  • 1754 and 1759 went to Rustenburg Platinum Mines, retaining their SAR numbers.
  • 1755 became St Helena Gold Mines no. 7.
  • 1757 was sold to Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Limited.[4]

Preservation edit

No. 1459 is the sole survivor and is in storage at Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, July 1945. pp. 515-516.
  3. ^ a b c d e Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 58. ISBN 0869772112.
  4. ^ a b c Durrant, AE (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott: David & Charles. pp. 63–64. ISBN 0715386387.
  5. ^ Beyer, Peacock and Company production list, excluding Garratts, Customer List V1 04.08.02
  6. ^ Sterkstroom, Municipality - SAR Class 19A No 692
  7. ^ a b c d South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.
  8. ^ a b c d South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43.

External links edit

  Media related to South African Class 14B (4-8-2) at Wikimedia Commons

May 03, 2024
south, african, class, south, african, railways, class, 1915, steam, locomotive, south, african, class, 2class, built, 1921type, originʘ, class, saturated, steam, class, superheated, steam, class, rebuilt, with, watson, standard, boiler, steel, firebox, copper. The South African Railways Class 14B 4 8 2 of 1915 was a steam locomotive South African Class 14B 14 amp 14R 4 8 2Class 14B as built c 1921Type and originʘ Class 14B saturated steam Class 14 superheated steam Class 14R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler Steel firebox Copper fireboxPower typeSteamDesignerSouth African RailwaysBuilderBeyer Peacock amp CompanyOrder number0788Serial number5877 5891ModelClass 14BBuild date1914 1915Total produced15SpecificationsConfiguration Whyte4 8 2 Mountain UICʘ 2 D1 n2 2 D1 h2Driver2nd coupled axleGauge3 ft 6 in 1 067 mm Cape gaugeLeading dia 28 1 2 in 724 mm Coupled dia 48 in 1 219 mm Trailing dia 33 in 838 mm Tender wheels34 in 864 mm Wheelbase56 ft 11 3 8 in 17 358 mm Engine30 ft 7 in 9 322 mm Leading6 ft 2 in 1 880 mm Coupled12 ft 9 in 3 886 mm Tender16 ft 9 in 5 105 mm Tender bogie4 ft 7 in 1 397 mm Length Over couplers65 ft 3 1 2 in 19 901 mm Heightʘ 12 ft 7 1 2 in 3 848 mm 12 ft 11 3 4 in 3 956 mm Frame typePlateAxle loadʘ 16 LT 3 cwt 16 410 kg 16 LT 10 cwt 16 760 kg Leadingʘ 15 LT 14 cwt 15 950 kg 15 LT 6 cwt 15 550 kg 1st coupledʘ 16 LT 1 cwt 16 310 kg 15 LT 17 cwt 16 100 kg 2nd coupledʘ 16 LT 3 cwt 16 410 kg 16 LT 10 cwt 16 760 kg 3rd coupledʘ 16 LT 3 cwt 16 410 kg 15 LT 15 cwt 16 000 kg 4th coupledʘ 16 LT 1 cwt 16 310 kg 15 LT 11 cwt 15 800 kg Trailingʘ 10 LT 14 cwt 10 870 kg 11 LT 10 cwt 11 680 kg Tender bogieBogie 1 27 LT 10 cwt 27 940 kg Bogie 2 23 LT 11 cwt 23 930 kg Tender axle13 LT 15 cwt 13 970 kg Adhesive weightʘ 64 LT 8 cwt 65 430 kg 63 LT 13 cwt 64 670 kg Loco weightʘ 90 LT 16 cwt 92 260 kg 90 LT 4 cwt 91 650 kg Tender weight51 LT 1 cwt 51 870 kg Total weightʘ 141 LT 17 cwt 144 100 kg 141 LT 5 cwt 143 500 kg Tender typeMP1 2 axle bogies MP MP1 MR MS MT MT1 MT2 MX MY MY1 permittedFuel typeCoalFuel capacity10 LT 10 2 t Water cap 4 250 imp gal 19 300 L GeneratorPyle National turboFirebox Typeʘ Belpaire Round top Grate areaʘ 36 sq ft 3 3 m2 37 sq ft 3 4 m2 Boiler ModelWatson Standard no 2 Pitchʘ 7 ft 7 in 2 311 mm 8 ft 1 2 in 2 451 mm Diameterʘ 5 ft 7 1 2 in 1 714 mm Tube platesʘ 19 ft 5 791 mm 19 ft 4 in 5 893 mm 19 ft 3 5 8 in 5 883 mm Small tubesʘ 253 2 1 4 in 57 mm 139 2 1 4 in 57 mm 87 2 1 2 in 64 mm Large tubes 24 5 1 2 in 140 mm 30 5 1 2 in 140 mm Boiler pressureʘ 200 psi 1 379 kPa 190 psi 1 310 kPa Safety valve Ramsbottom PopHeating surface Fireboxʘ 150 sq ft 14 m2 142 sq ft 13 2 m2 Tubesʘ 2 825 sq ft 262 5 m2 2 212 sq ft 205 5 m2 1 933 sq ft 179 6 m2 Total surfaceʘ 2 975 sq ft 276 4 m2 2 362 sq ft 219 4 m2 2 075 sq ft 192 8 m2 Superheater Heating area 540 sq ft 50 m2 492 sq ft 45 7 m2 CylindersTwoCylinder sizeʘ 21 in 533 mm bore 22 in 559 mm boreʘ 26 in 660 mm strokeValve gearWalschaertsValve typePistonCouplersJohnston link and pinAAR knuckle 1930s Performance figuresTractive effortʘ 35 831 lbf 159 38 kN 75 37 360 lbf 166 2 kN 75 CareerOperatorsSouth African RailwaysClassClass 14B 14 amp 14RNumber in class15Numbers1746 1760Delivered1915First run1915Withdrawn1982Disposition14 scrapped 1 preserved In 1915 the South African Railways placed fifteen Class 14B saturated steam locomotives with a 4 8 2 wheel arrangement in service When they were subsequently converted to superheating they were reclassified to Class 14 In the 1930s all but one were reboilered with Watson Standard no 2 boilers and reclassified to Class 14R 1 2 3 4 Contents 1 Manufacturer 2 Characteristics 3 Modification and reclassification 4 Watson Standard boilers 5 Service 5 1 South African Railways 5 2 Industrial 6 Preservation 7 References 8 External linksManufacturer edit nbsp Class 14R no 1756 23 March 1979 The third version of the Class 14 locomotive was ordered from Beyer Peacock amp Company in 1914 Fifteen locomotives were delivered in 1915 numbered in the range from 1746 to 1760 These saturated steam versions of the Class 14 were designated Class 14B 1 2 3 5 Characteristics editLike the Class 14 the Class 14B had Walschaerts valve gear and a Belpaire firebox Because it was intended for use on the lower section of the Natal mainline D A Hendrie Chief Mechanical Engineer CME of the South African Railways SAR concluded that no high degree of superheat would be attainable and the locomotives were therefore ordered without superheaters They were intended for use on the Town Hill section near Pietermaritzburg where the old line was on a 1 in 30 3 gradient and where speeds were low with frequent stops which it was reasoned would not justify the use of superheating 1 2 Modification and reclassification editOnce in service the omission of superheating soon became a bone of contention About six years after the Class 14B was commissioned an officer of the Mechanical Department submitted a report which claimed that the loss of haulage power and increased water and coal consumption which were brought about by the absence of superheating on these engines represented a loss to the SAR of approximately 100 000 when compared with the superheated Class 14 Given that eight years later in 1929 the purchase price of a new Class 19A locomotive would be 6 387 5 323 for the engine and 1 064 for the tender this was a staggering amount 1 2 6 This report caused a flutter in the Railways Administration The officer who made it left the service to do very well elsewhere Conversion of the Class 14B to superheating began soon afterwards Between 1922 and 1925 all fifteen Class 14B locomotives were converted Their cylinders were reamed from 21 to 22 inches 533 to 559 millimetres bore and the boiler pressure reduced from 200 to 190 pounds per square inch 1 379 to 1 310 kilopascals Since their being non superheated with smaller cylinders had been the only reasons for their separate Class 14B classification they were all reclassified to Class 14 2 3 7 8 Of all the locomotives introduced during Hendrie s term as CME the Class 14B was the only one to fall short of expectations In fairness to Hendrie and his decision to omit superheating it should be borne in mind that at the time automatic dampers were still in use which cut out the superheater while the regulator was closed This reduced much of the superheater s effectiveness on undulating track and where frequent stops are required A report had been submitted in Natal earlier to the effect that superheating was of little or no advantage on that System where the many short and steep gradients prevented a high degree of superheat from being attained with the automatic dampers in use at the time In view of the added cost and weight of the superheating equipment the arguments against it in Natal were therefore considered reasonable at the time 1 2 Watson Standard boilers editDuring the 1930s many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A G Watson as part of his standardisation policy Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an R suffix to their classification 3 7 8 From 1935 all the ex Class 14B locomotives except no 1750 were reboilered with Watson Standard no 2 boilers and reclassified to Class 14R Only slight modifications were found necessary to take the new boilers In the process the engines were also equipped with Watson cabs with their distinctive slanted fronts compared to the conventional vertical fronts of the original cabs The flangeless leading coupled wheels were flanged and Type MR tenders were attached to the reboilered engines No 1750 was sold to ISCOR without being reboilered 2 4 7 8 Their original Belpaire boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves An obvious difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive In the case of the ex Class 14B locomotives two even more obvious differences are the Watson cab and the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives 7 8 Service editSouth African Railways edit The locomotives were initially in service on the lower sections of the Natal mainline particularly the Town Hill section near Pietermaritzburg After their reboilering and the electification of the Natal mainline most were then allocated to Empangeni in the north and Port Shepstone in the south In 1976 many were transferred to the Witwatersrand for shunting service They were all withdrawn from service by 1983 1 3 Industrial edit Five were sold into industrial service 1750 became ISCOR no 15 and later Enyati Colliery no 3 1754 and 1759 went to Rustenburg Platinum Mines retaining their SAR numbers 1755 became St Helena Gold Mines no 7 1757 was sold to Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Limited 4 Preservation editNo 1459 is the sole survivor and is in storage at Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot References edit a b c d e f Holland D F 1972 Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways Vol 2 1910 1955 1st ed Newton Abbott England David amp Charles pp 25 26 ISBN 978 0 7153 5427 8 a b c d e f g Espitalier T J Day W A J 1945 The Locomotive in South Africa A Brief History of Railway Development Chapter VII South African Railways Continued South African Railways and Harbours Magazine July 1945 pp 515 516 a b c d e Paxton Leith Bourne David 1985 Locomotives of the South African Railways 1st ed Cape Town Struik pp 10 11 58 ISBN 0869772112 a b c Durrant AE 1989 Twilight of South African Steam 1st ed Newton Abbott David amp Charles pp 63 64 ISBN 0715386387 Beyer Peacock and Company production list excluding Garratts Customer List V1 04 08 02 Sterkstroom Municipality SAR Class 19A No 692 a b c d South African Railways amp Harbours Suid Afrikaanse Spoorwee en Hawens 15 Aug 1941 Locomotive Diagram Book Lokomotiefdiagramboek 3 6 Gauge Spoorwydte SAR SAS Mechanical Department Werktuigkundige Dept Drawing Office Tekenkantoor Pretoria p 43 a b c d South African Railways amp Harbours Suid Afrikaanse Spoorwee en Hawens 15 Aug 1941 Locomotive Diagram Book Lokomotiefdiagramboek 2 0 amp 3 6 Gauge Spoorwydte Steam Locomotives Stoomlokomotiewe SAR SAS Mechanical Department Werktuigkundige Dept Drawing Office Tekenkantoor Pretoria pp 6a 7a 41 43 External links edit nbsp Media related to South African Class 14B 4 8 2 at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South African Class 14B 4 8 2 amp oldid 1178150753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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