Around 200 animals currently are believed to exist in Arizona in the United States, up from an estimated 21 individuals in 2002.[3] The number of individuals in Mexico is estimated to be even lower. It is considered extirpated from California.
Numerous and ongoing threats exist to the survival of the Sonoran pronghorn. Not the least of these threats is the fact that much of their habitat is occupied by the BMGR, which is an active United States Air Forcebombing range.[5]
Adjacent to the BMGR is the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR), also a critical breeding area for this species. Parts of the CPNWR are off limits to visitors between mid-March and mid-July, during the fawning season, so as to minimize disturbance to herds with fawns, which can result in the loss of fawns.[6] Despite this fact, this area too is subject to constant environmental pressure. The accompaniments of illegal trafficking of people and drugs from Mexico (such as the construction of illegal roads and trails, reckless disposal of trash, destruction of vegetation, and contamination of water sources) have significantly degraded the habitat. The response from law enforcement agencies (such as the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Drug Enforcement Administration) has also exacerbated this problem.[7][8]
Mortality
Living in open areas, pronghorns in general must rely on their eyesight to avoid predators, and with population numbers so low, the Sonoran pronghorn must avoid mortality at all costs. Sources of mortality come from predators, drought, and lack of feed; these sources usually affect fawns most often, and adult mortality also occurs in drought situations. Controlling this situation is very difficult because drought is at the hand of the weather. Things that can be done are predator control on coyotes and bobcats, but this is yet to be studied with enough detail to be proven effective.[9]
Habitat
The Sonoran pronghorn is endemic to the Sonoran Desert. They live in open spaces and primarily forage grasses and shrubs for food. Desert pronghorn are more adapted to desert conditions, and can go longer without water.
References
^"NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
^Antelope Specialist Group (1996). "Antilocapra americana ssp. sonoriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved 2007-06-20.old-form url
^Recovery program working for pronghorn, Arthur H. Rotstein, Boston Globe/AP, 14 May 2007.
^Bedinger, Chris (January 5, 2011). "Sonoran Pronghorn Return to King Valley" (PDF) (Press release). Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
^Krausman, Paul R.; Harris, Lisa K.; Wilson, Ryan R.; Cain, James W.; Koenen, Kiana K. G. (2007). "Bombing and Sonoran Pronghorn: A Clear and Present Danger?". The Journal of Wildlife Management. Wiley on behalf of the Wildlife Society. 71 (8): 2820–2823. doi:10.2193/2007-212. JSTOR 4496407. S2CID 84758067.
^Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (2013). "Fawning Season". Ajo, Arizona: United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
^Slivka, J (2003-10-30). "Border Crime Ravaging Parks In Arizona In 'Smugglers Crescent,' Public Is Losing Out As Rangers Are Forced To Act As Border Police". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved 2014-12-28. Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, southeast of Yuma, has more crimes per visitor than any other piece of public land in the West.
^Ingley, K (2005-05-15). "Ghost highways – Arizona desert scarred by illegal immigration traffic". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved 2014-12-28. Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, southeast of Yuma, has more crimes per visitor than any other piece of public land in the West.
^Jill L.Bright and John J.Hervert (2005). "Adult and fawn mortality of Sonoran pronghorn." Wildlife Society Bulletin. 43(1), 43-50.
Further reading
Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge
Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge – Arizona
Vehicle Trails Associated with Illegal Border Activities on Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge – July 2011
Protecting the Sonoran pronghorn from extinction, National Parks Traveler – January 2020
March 08, 2023
sonoran, pronghorn, antilocapra, americana, sonoriensis, endangered, subspecies, pronghorn, that, endemic, sonoran, desert, conservation, statusendangered, critically, imperiled, natureserve, scientific, classificationkingdom, animaliaphylum, chordataclass, ma. The Sonoran pronghorn Antilocapra americana sonoriensis is an endangered subspecies of pronghorn that is endemic to the Sonoran Desert 2 Sonoran pronghornConservation statusEndangered ESA Critically Imperiled NatureServe 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ArtiodactylaFamily AntilocapridaeGenus AntilocapraSpecies A americanaSubspecies A a sonoriensisTrinomial nameAntilocapra americana sonoriensisGoldman 1945Sign along the El Camino Del Diablo at the eastern entrance to Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge providing information about the animal Contents 1 Conservation 1 1 Obstacles to recovery 1 2 Mortality 1 3 Habitat 2 References 3 Further readingConservation EditAround 200 animals currently are believed to exist in Arizona in the United States up from an estimated 21 individuals in 2002 3 The number of individuals in Mexico is estimated to be even lower It is considered extirpated from California In 2012 announcements of two reintroductions were published in the Federal Register One of the reintroductions was to take place at the Barry M Goldwater Air Force Range BMGR in Yuma Arizona and the second was to be at Kofa National Wildlife Refuge 4 Obstacles to recovery Edit Numerous and ongoing threats exist to the survival of the Sonoran pronghorn Not the least of these threats is the fact that much of their habitat is occupied by the BMGR which is an active United States Air Force bombing range 5 Adjacent to the BMGR is the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge CPNWR also a critical breeding area for this species Parts of the CPNWR are off limits to visitors between mid March and mid July during the fawning season so as to minimize disturbance to herds with fawns which can result in the loss of fawns 6 Despite this fact this area too is subject to constant environmental pressure The accompaniments of illegal trafficking of people and drugs from Mexico such as the construction of illegal roads and trails reckless disposal of trash destruction of vegetation and contamination of water sources have significantly degraded the habitat The response from law enforcement agencies such as the U S Customs and Border Protection and the Drug Enforcement Administration has also exacerbated this problem 7 8 Mortality Edit Living in open areas pronghorns in general must rely on their eyesight to avoid predators and with population numbers so low the Sonoran pronghorn must avoid mortality at all costs Sources of mortality come from predators drought and lack of feed these sources usually affect fawns most often and adult mortality also occurs in drought situations Controlling this situation is very difficult because drought is at the hand of the weather Things that can be done are predator control on coyotes and bobcats but this is yet to be studied with enough detail to be proven effective 9 Habitat Edit The Sonoran pronghorn is endemic to the Sonoran Desert They live in open spaces and primarily forage grasses and shrubs for food Desert pronghorn are more adapted to desert conditions and can go longer without water References Edit NatureServe Explorer 2 0 explorer natureserve org Retrieved 9 May 2022 Antelope Specialist Group 1996 Antilocapra americanassp sonoriensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996 Retrieved 2007 06 20 old form url Recovery program working for pronghorn Arthur H Rotstein Boston Globe AP 14 May 2007 Bedinger Chris January 5 2011 Sonoran Pronghorn Return to King Valley PDF Press release Arizona Game and Fish Department U S Fish and Wildlife Service Krausman Paul R Harris Lisa K Wilson Ryan R Cain James W Koenen Kiana K G 2007 Bombing and Sonoran Pronghorn A Clear and Present Danger The Journal of Wildlife Management Wiley on behalf of the Wildlife Society 71 8 2820 2823 doi 10 2193 2007 212 JSTOR 4496407 S2CID 84758067 Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge 2013 Fawning Season Ajo Arizona United States Fish and Wildlife Service United States Department of the Interior Retrieved 2014 12 28 Slivka J 2003 10 30 Border Crime Ravaging Parks In Arizona In Smugglers Crescent Public Is Losing Out As Rangers Are Forced To Act As Border Police The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona Retrieved 2014 12 28 Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge southeast of Yuma has more crimes per visitor than any other piece of public land in the West Ingley K 2005 05 15 Ghost highways Arizona desert scarred by illegal immigration traffic The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona Retrieved 2014 12 28 Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge southeast of Yuma has more crimes per visitor than any other piece of public land in the West Jill L Bright and John J Hervert 2005 Adult and fawn mortality of Sonoran pronghorn Wildlife Society Bulletin 43 1 43 50 Further reading EditBorder Patrol Along the Devil s Highway Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge Arizona Vehicle Trails Associated with Illegal Border Activities on Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge July 2011 Protecting the Sonoran pronghorn from extinction National Parks Traveler January 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sonoran pronghorn amp oldid 1122600344, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
