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Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the recto-uterine pouch. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.This technique is useful to detect myomas or mullerian malformations.
The examination can be performed by transabdominal ultrasonography, generally with a full bladder which acts as an acoustic window to achieve better visualization of pelvis organs, or by transvaginal ultrasonography with a specifically designed vaginal transducer. Transvaginal imaging utilizes a higher frequency imaging, which gives better resolution of the ovaries, uterus and endometrium (the fallopian tubes are generally not seen unless distended), but is limited to depth of image penetration, whereas larger lesions reaching into the abdomen are better seen transabdominally. Having a full bladder for the transabdominal portion of the exam is helpful because sound travels through fluid with less attenuation to better visualize the uterus and ovaries which lies posteriorly to the bladder. The procedure is by definition invasive when performed transvaginally. Scans are performed by health care professionals called sonographers, or gynecologists trained in ultrasound.
Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated. This technique is also used in transvaginal oocyte retrieval to obtain human eggs (oocytes) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in IVF.
Gynecologic ultrasonography is sometimes overused when it is used to screen for ovarian cancer in women who are not at risk for this cancer.[3] There is consensus that women with only average risk for ovarian cancer should not be screened with this procedure for cancer.[3]
Sonohysterographyedit
Sonohysterography. The sterile saline instilled into the cavity of the uterus is anechoic (rendered as dark in the middle of the image). It shows a normal endometrium as a hyperechoid (brighter) band around the cavity, in this case without any focal changes.
Sonohysterography is a specialized procedure by which fluid, usually sterile saline (then called saline infusion sonography or SIS), is instilled into the uterine cavity, and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time. A review in 2015 came to the conclusion that SIS is highly sensitive in the detection of intrauterine abnormalities in subfertile women, comparable to hysteroscopy. SIS is highly sensitive and specific test in the diagnosis of uterine polyps, submucous uterine fibroids, uterine anomalies and intrauterine adhesions (as part of Asherman's syndrome), and can be used as a screening tool for subfertile women prior to IVF treatment.[4]
Sonohysterography using a balloon catheter (seen in the middle of the image)
^Caspi, B.; Zbar, AP.; Mavor, E.; Hagay, Z.; Appelman, Z. (Mar 2003). "The contribution of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: an observational study". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 21 (3): 273–6. doi:10.1002/uog.72. PMID 12666223. S2CID 39843514.
^Rosendahl M, Ernst E, Rasmussen PE, Yding Andersen C (December 2008). "True ovarian volume is underestimated by two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement". Fertil. Steril. 93 (3): 995–998. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.055. PMID 19108822.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2004). "Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Recommendation Statement". The Annals of Family Medicine. 2 (3): 260–262. doi:10.1370/afm.200. PMC1466669. PMID 15209204.
Lin, Kenneth; Barton, Mary B. (April 2012), , AHRQ Publication No. 12-05165-EF-3, United States Preventive Services Task Force, archived from the original on 1 November 2014, retrieved 30 August 2013
Partridge, E.; Greenlee, A. R.; Xu, R. T.; Kreimer, C.; Williams, J. L.; Riley, T. R.; Reding, B.; Church, C. C.; Kessel, J. L.; Johnson, C.; Hill, G. L.; Fouad, S.; Buys, L. R.; Isaacs, S. S.; Andriole, T.; Ogden, S.; Chia, D.; Ragard, L. R.; Prorok, P. C.; Gohagan, J. K.; Berg, C. D. (2009). "Results from four rounds of ovarian cancer screening in a randomized trial". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 113 (4): 775–782. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31819cda77. PMC2728067. PMID 19305319.
American College of Obstetricians; Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice (2011). "Committee Opinion No. 477: The Role of the Obstetrician–Gynecologist in the Early Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 117 (3): 742–746. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821477db. PMID 21343791.
^Seshadri, S.; El-Toukhy, T.; Douiri, A.; Jayaprakasan, K.; Khalaf, Y. (2014). "Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography in the evaluation of uterine cavity abnormalities prior to assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review and meta-analyses". Human Reproduction Update. 21 (2): 262–274. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu057. ISSN 1355-4786. PMID 25505226.
External linksedit
Information about Sonography
Fertility and Gynaecology Academy
January 01, 1970
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This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Gynecologic ultrasonography news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2012 Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs specifically the uterus the ovaries and the fallopian tubes as well as the bladder the adnexa and the recto uterine pouch The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis This technique is useful to detect myomas or mullerian malformations Gynecologic ultrasonographyLeft hydrosalpinx on gynecologic ultrasonographyOther namesGynecologic sonographyICD 9 CM88 76 88 79OPS 301 code3 05d edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Routes 2 Applications 3 Sonohysterography 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksRoutes edit nbsp Device for both vaginal ultrasonography and abdominal ultrasonography nbsp Transvaginal ultrasonography to check the location of an intrauterine device IUD The examination can be performed by transabdominal ultrasonography generally with a full bladder which acts as an acoustic window to achieve better visualization of pelvis organs or by transvaginal ultrasonography with a specifically designed vaginal transducer Transvaginal imaging utilizes a higher frequency imaging which gives better resolution of the ovaries uterus and endometrium the fallopian tubes are generally not seen unless distended but is limited to depth of image penetration whereas larger lesions reaching into the abdomen are better seen transabdominally Having a full bladder for the transabdominal portion of the exam is helpful because sound travels through fluid with less attenuation to better visualize the uterus and ovaries which lies posteriorly to the bladder The procedure is by definition invasive when performed transvaginally Scans are performed by health care professionals called sonographers or gynecologists trained in ultrasound Applications editGynecologic sonography is used extensively to assess pelvic organs to diagnose acute appendicitis 1 to diagnose and manage gynecologic problems including endometriosis leiomyoma adenomyosis ovarian cysts and lesions to identify adnexal masses including ectopic pregnancy to diagnose gynecologic cancer in infertility treatments to track the response of ovarian follicles to fertility medication i e Pergonal However it often underestimates the true ovarian volume 2 Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated This technique is also used in transvaginal oocyte retrieval to obtain human eggs oocytes through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in IVF Gynecologic ultrasonography is sometimes overused when it is used to screen for ovarian cancer in women who are not at risk for this cancer 3 There is consensus that women with only average risk for ovarian cancer should not be screened with this procedure for cancer 3 Sonohysterography edit nbsp Sonohysterography The sterile saline instilled into the cavity of the uterus is anechoic rendered as dark in the middle of the image It shows a normal endometrium as a hyperechoid brighter band around the cavity in this case without any focal changes Sonohysterography is a specialized procedure by which fluid usually sterile saline then called saline infusion sonography or SIS is instilled into the uterine cavity and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time A review in 2015 came to the conclusion that SIS is highly sensitive in the detection of intrauterine abnormalities in subfertile women comparable to hysteroscopy SIS is highly sensitive and specific test in the diagnosis of uterine polyps submucous uterine fibroids uterine anomalies and intrauterine adhesions as part of Asherman s syndrome and can be used as a screening tool for subfertile women prior to IVF treatment 4 nbsp Sonohysterography using a balloon catheter seen in the middle of the image See also editGynography Gynoroentgenology Obstetric ultrasonography Sonosalpingography Vaginal ultrasonographyReferences edit Caspi B Zbar AP Mavor E Hagay Z Appelman Z Mar 2003 The contribution of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis an observational study Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21 3 273 6 doi 10 1002 uog 72 PMID 12666223 S2CID 39843514 Rosendahl M Ernst E Rasmussen PE Yding Andersen C December 2008 True ovarian volume is underestimated by two dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement Fertil Steril 93 3 995 998 doi 10 1016 j fertnstert 2008 10 055 PMID 19108822 a b American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question Choosing Wisely an initiative of the ABIM Foundation American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists retrieved August 1 2013 which cites U S Preventive Services Task Force 2004 Screening for Ovarian Cancer Recommendation Statement The Annals of Family Medicine 2 3 260 262 doi 10 1370 afm 200 PMC 1466669 PMID 15209204 Lin Kenneth Barton Mary B April 2012 Screening for Ovarian Cancer Evidence Update for the U S Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement AHRQ Publication No 12 05165 EF 3 United States Preventive Services Task Force archived from the original on 1 November 2014 retrieved 30 August 2013 Partridge E Greenlee A R Xu R T Kreimer C Williams J L Riley T R Reding B Church C C Kessel J L Johnson C Hill G L Fouad S Buys L R Isaacs S S Andriole T Ogden S Chia D Ragard L R Prorok P C Gohagan J K Berg C D 2009 Results from four rounds of ovarian cancer screening in a randomized trial Obstetrics and Gynecology 113 4 775 782 doi 10 1097 AOG 0b013e31819cda77 PMC 2728067 PMID 19305319 American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice 2011 Committee Opinion No 477 The Role of the Obstetrician Gynecologist in the Early Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Obstetrics amp Gynecology 117 3 742 746 doi 10 1097 AOG 0b013e31821477db PMID 21343791 Seshadri S El Toukhy T Douiri A Jayaprakasan K Khalaf Y 2014 Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography in the evaluation of uterine cavity abnormalities prior to assisted reproductive techniques a systematic review and meta analyses Human Reproduction Update 21 2 262 274 doi 10 1093 humupd dmu057 ISSN 1355 4786 PMID 25505226 External links editInformation about Sonography Fertility and Gynaecology Academy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gynecologic ultrasonography amp oldid 1223194433 Sonohysterography, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
