According to Stevens' definition, a loudness of 1 sone is equivalent to 40 phons (a 1 kHz tone at 40 dB SPL).[1] The phons scale aligns with dB, not with loudness, so the sone and phon scales are not proportional. Rather, the loudness in sones is, at least very nearly, a power law function of the signal intensity, with an exponent of 0.3.[2][3] With this exponent, each 10 phon increase (or 10 dB at 1 kHz) produces almost exactly a doubling of the loudness in sones.[4]
sone
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
phon
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
At frequencies other than 1 kHz, the loudness level in phons is calibrated according to the frequency response of human hearing, via a set of equal-loudness contours, and then the loudness level in phons is mapped to loudness in sones via the same power law.
Corrections are needed at lower levels, near the threshold of hearing.
These formulas are for single-frequency sine waves or narrowband signals. For multi-component or broadband signals, a more elaborate loudness model is required, accounting for critical bands.
To be fully precise, a measurement in sones must be specified in terms of the optional suffix G, which means that the loudness value is calculated from frequency groups, and by one of the two suffixes D (for direct field or free field) or R (for room field or diffuse field).
^Stanley Smith Stevens: A scale for the measurement of the psychological magnitude: loudness. See: Psychological Review. 43, Nr. 5,APA Journals, 1936, pp. 405–416
^Brian C. J. Moore (2007). Cochlear hearing loss: physiological, psychological and technical issues (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. pp. 94–95. ISBN978-0-470-51633-1.
^Irving P. Herman (2007). Physics of The Human Body. Springer. p. 613. ISBN978-3-540-29603-4.
^Eberhard Hänsler, Gerhard Schmidt (2008). Speech and audio processing in adverse environments. Springer. p. 299. ISBN978-3-540-70601-4.
^ Hugo Fastl and Eberhard Zwicker (2007). Psychoacoustics: facts and models (3rd ed.). Springer. p. 207. ISBN978-3-540-23159-2.
External linksedit
Correlation between sones und phons − calculator
April 13, 2024
sone, other, uses, disambiguation, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, sone, unit, loudness, subjective, perception, sound, pressure, study, perceived, loudness, included, topic, psychoacoustics, employs, methods, psychophysics, doubling, perceived, . For other uses see Sone disambiguation Sones redirects here For other uses see Sones disambiguation The sone ˈ s oʊ n is a unit of loudness the subjective perception of sound pressure The study of perceived loudness is included in the topic of psychoacoustics and employs methods of psychophysics Doubling the perceived loudness doubles the sone value Proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens in 1936 it is not an SI unit Contents 1 Definition and conversions 2 Example values 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDefinition and conversions editAccording to Stevens definition a loudness of 1 sone is equivalent to 40 phons a 1 kHz tone at 40 dB SPL 1 The phons scale aligns with dB not with loudness so the sone and phon scales are not proportional Rather the loudness in sones is at least very nearly a power law function of the signal intensity with an exponent of 0 3 2 3 With this exponent each 10 phon increase or 10 dB at 1 kHz produces almost exactly a doubling of the loudness in sones 4 sone 1 2 4 8 16 32 64phon 40 50 60 70 80 90 100At frequencies other than 1 kHz the loudness level in phons is calibrated according to the frequency response of human hearing via a set of equal loudness contours and then the loudness level in phons is mapped to loudness in sones via the same power law Loudness N in sones for LN gt 40 phon 5 N 10LN 4010 0 30103 2LN 4010 displaystyle N left 10 frac L N 40 10 right 0 30103 approx 2 frac L N 40 10 nbsp or loudness level LN in phons for N gt 1 sone LN 40 10log2 N displaystyle L N 40 10 log 2 N nbsp Corrections are needed at lower levels near the threshold of hearing These formulas are for single frequency sine waves or narrowband signals For multi component or broadband signals a more elaborate loudness model is required accounting for critical bands To be fully precise a measurement in sones must be specified in terms of the optional suffix G which means that the loudness value is calculated from frequency groups and by one of the two suffixes D for direct field or free field or R for room field or diffuse field Example values editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Description Sound pressure Sound pressure level Loudness pascal dB re 20 mPa soneThreshold of pain 100 134 676Hearing damage during short term effect 20 120 256Jet 100 m away 6 200 110 140 128 1024Jackhammer 1 m away nightclub 2 100 64Hearing damage during long term effect 6 10 1 90 32Major road 10 m away 2 10 1 6 10 1 80 90 16 32Passenger car 10 m away 2 10 2 2 10 1 60 80 4 16TV set at home level 1 m away 2 10 2 60 4Normal talking 1 m away 2 10 3 2 10 2 40 60 1 4Very calm room 2 10 4 6 10 4 20 30 0 15 0 4Rustling leaves calm breathing 6 10 5 10 0 02Auditory threshold at 1 kHz 2 10 5 0 0See also editA weighting LKFS Stevens s power law Weber Fechner lawReferences edit Stanley Smith Stevens A scale for the measurement of the psychological magnitude loudness See Psychological Review 43 Nr 5 APA Journals 1936 pp 405 416 Brian C J Moore 2007 Cochlear hearing loss physiological psychological and technical issues 2nd ed Wiley Interscience pp 94 95 ISBN 978 0 470 51633 1 Irving P Herman 2007 Physics of The Human Body Springer p 613 ISBN 978 3 540 29603 4 Eberhard Hansler Gerhard Schmidt 2008 Speech and audio processing in adverse environments Springer p 299 ISBN 978 3 540 70601 4 Hugo Fastl and Eberhard Zwicker 2007 Psychoacoustics facts and models 3rd ed Springer p 207 ISBN 978 3 540 23159 2 External links editCorrelation between sones und phons calculator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sone amp oldid 1068465719, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
