The impact that produced the Tolstoj Basin occurred very early in the history of Mercury. Two ragged, discontinuous rings approximately 356 km and 510 km in diameter encompass the structure but are poorly developed on its north and northeast sides; a third partial ring with a diameter of 466 km occurs on its southeast side. Diffuse patches of material of dark albedo lie outside the innermost ring. The central part of the basin is covered by a high reflectance smooth plains (HRP) material.[3] The bright interior of the basin is noticeably redder than the surrounding plains, which are made of a bluer low reflectance material (LRM). The dark annulus of ejecta around Tolstoj is called the Goya Formation, defined by lineated and hummocky topography.[4] The ejecta has one of darkest surfaces on Mercury.[5]
The depth of Tolstoj is estimated to be 2.0 ± 0.7 km from the stereo derived digital elevation models based on Mariner 10 images of the planet. This is significantly less than the depth of lunar basins of the similar size indicating that Tolstoj probably has relaxed from its post impact shape.[3]
The Tolstoj basin is used to define a time-stratigraphic system, the Tosltojan system, with the age of around 4.0–3.9 billion years. The older system (< 4.0 billion years) is called pre-Tosltojan, while the younger is called Calorian (3.9–3.5 billion years).[6]
Despite Tolstoj's great age and its embayment by the ancient inter-crater plains, it retains an extensive and remarkably well preserved, radially lineated ejecta blanket around two-thirds of its circumference. Part of the ejecta was disrupted by the impact of the crater Liszt. The ejecta tends to be blocky and only weakly lineated between the inner and outer rings. Radial lineations with a slight swirly pattern are best seen on the southwest side of Tolstoj. The unusual rectilinear map pattern of the ejecta suggests: (1) control of the ejecta pattern by prebasin structures, (2) preferential burial along structural trends of an originally symmetrical ejecta blanket by the intercrater plains material, or (3) formation of Tolstoj by an oblique impact from the northwest that produced an ejecta blanket with bilateral symmetry and little or no deposition uprange. Analysis of stereophotography of Tolstoj ejecta northeast of the crater suggests that this deposit has been upwarped to a higher elevation relative to the surrounding plains.
Enhanced color image of Tolstoj crater (top center) and Bashō crater (lower left)
Topographic map centered on Tolstoj
Mariner 10 image with Tolstoj at bottom
Tolstoj is at lower right on this map
Distant oblique view
Northern Tolstoj crater
Referencesedit
^ ab"Tolstoj". IAU/NASA/USGS. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
^Davies, M. E., Dwornik, S. E., Gault, D. E., and Strom, R. G., 1978, Atlas of Mercury: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Publication SP-423, 128 p.
^ abMohit, P. Surdas; Johnson, Catherine L.; Barnouin-Jha, Olivier; Barnouin-Jha, Maria T.; Solomon, Sean C. (2009). "Shallow basins on Mercury: Evidence of relaxation?". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 285 (3–4): 355–363. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.285..355M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.04.023.
^Spudis, P. D., 1985. A Mercurian chronostratigraphic classification. In Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program - 1984. Technical Memorandum 87563. Washington, DC: NASA, pp. 595-597.
^Denevi, Brett W.; Robinson, Mark S.; Solomon, Sean C.; et al. (2009). "The Evolution of Mercury's Crust: A Global Perspective from MESSENGER". Science. 324: 613–18. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..613D. doi:10.1126/science.1172226. PMID 19407196.
^Neukum, G.; Oberst, J.; Hoffmann, H.; et al. (2001). "Geologic evolution and cratering history of Mercury". Planetary and Space Science. 49 (14–15): 1507–21. Bibcode:2001P&SS...49.1507N. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00089-7.
Further readingedit
Schaber, Gerald G.; John F. McCauley (1980). "Geologic Map Of The Tolstoj (H-8) Quadrangle Of Mercury" (PDF). Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Published in hardcopy as USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1199, as part of the Atlas of Mercury, 1:5,000,000 Geologic Series. Hardcopy is available for sale from U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225)
External linksedit
Tolstoj quadrangle maps
April 15, 2024
tolstoj, crater, confused, with, alexey, tolstoy, crater, mars, crater, named, after, alexey, tolstoy, tolstoj, large, ancient, impact, crater, mercury, named, after, tolstoy, 1976, albedo, feature, solitudo, maiae, appears, associated, with, this, crater, tol. Not to be confused with Alexey Tolstoy crater a 95 km Mars crater named after Alexey Tolstoy Tolstoj is a large ancient impact crater on Mercury It was named after Leo Tolstoy by the IAU in 1976 1 The albedo feature Solitudo Maiae appears to be associated with this crater 2 TolstojEnhanced color mosaic by MESSENGERPlanetMercuryRegionTolstoj quadrangleCoordinates16 18 S 163 30 W 16 3 S 163 5 W 16 3 163 5QuadrangleTolstojDiameter390 km 240 mi EponymLeo Tolstoy 1 The impact that produced the Tolstoj Basin occurred very early in the history of Mercury Two ragged discontinuous rings approximately 356 km and 510 km in diameter encompass the structure but are poorly developed on its north and northeast sides a third partial ring with a diameter of 466 km occurs on its southeast side Diffuse patches of material of dark albedo lie outside the innermost ring The central part of the basin is covered by a high reflectance smooth plains HRP material 3 The bright interior of the basin is noticeably redder than the surrounding plains which are made of a bluer low reflectance material LRM The dark annulus of ejecta around Tolstoj is called the Goya Formation defined by lineated and hummocky topography 4 The ejecta has one of darkest surfaces on Mercury 5 The depth of Tolstoj is estimated to be 2 0 0 7 km from the stereo derived digital elevation models based on Mariner 10 images of the planet This is significantly less than the depth of lunar basins of the similar size indicating that Tolstoj probably has relaxed from its post impact shape 3 The Tolstoj basin is used to define a time stratigraphic system the Tosltojan system with the age of around 4 0 3 9 billion years The older system lt 4 0 billion years is called pre Tosltojan while the younger is called Calorian 3 9 3 5 billion years 6 Despite Tolstoj s great age and its embayment by the ancient inter crater plains it retains an extensive and remarkably well preserved radially lineated ejecta blanket around two thirds of its circumference Part of the ejecta was disrupted by the impact of the crater Liszt The ejecta tends to be blocky and only weakly lineated between the inner and outer rings Radial lineations with a slight swirly pattern are best seen on the southwest side of Tolstoj The unusual rectilinear map pattern of the ejecta suggests 1 control of the ejecta pattern by prebasin structures 2 preferential burial along structural trends of an originally symmetrical ejecta blanket by the intercrater plains material or 3 formation of Tolstoj by an oblique impact from the northwest that produced an ejecta blanket with bilateral symmetry and little or no deposition uprange Analysis of stereophotography of Tolstoj ejecta northeast of the crater suggests that this deposit has been upwarped to a higher elevation relative to the surrounding plains Contents 1 Views 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksViews edit nbsp Enhanced color image of Tolstoj crater top center and Bashō crater lower left nbsp Topographic map centered on Tolstoj nbsp Mariner 10 image with Tolstoj at bottom nbsp Tolstoj is at lower right on this map nbsp Distant oblique view nbsp Northern Tolstoj craterReferences edit a b Tolstoj IAU NASA USGS Retrieved December 26 2023 Davies M E Dwornik S E Gault D E and Strom R G 1978 Atlas of Mercury National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Publication SP 423 128 p a b Mohit P Surdas Johnson Catherine L Barnouin Jha Olivier Barnouin Jha Maria T Solomon Sean C 2009 Shallow basins on Mercury Evidence of relaxation Earth and Planetary Science Letters 285 3 4 355 363 Bibcode 2009E amp PSL 285 355M doi 10 1016 j epsl 2009 04 023 Spudis P D 1985 A Mercurian chronostratigraphic classification In Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program 1984 Technical Memorandum 87563 Washington DC NASA pp 595 597 Denevi Brett W Robinson Mark S Solomon Sean C et al 2009 The Evolution of Mercury s Crust A Global Perspective from MESSENGER Science 324 613 18 Bibcode 2009Sci 324 613D doi 10 1126 science 1172226 PMID 19407196 Neukum G Oberst J Hoffmann H et al 2001 Geologic evolution and cratering history of Mercury Planetary and Space Science 49 14 15 1507 21 Bibcode 2001P amp SS 49 1507N doi 10 1016 S0032 0633 01 00089 7 Further reading editSchaber Gerald G John F McCauley 1980 Geologic Map Of The Tolstoj H 8 Quadrangle Of Mercury PDF Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by U S Department of the Interior U S Geological Survey Published in hardcopy as USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1199 as part of the Atlas of Mercury 1 5 000 000 Geologic Series Hardcopy is available for sale from U S Geological Survey Information Services Box 25286 Federal Center Denver CO 80225 External links editTolstoj quadrangle maps Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tolstoj crater amp oldid 1213684174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
