Solid phase microextraction, or SPME, is a solid phase extraction sampling technique that involves the use of a fiber coated with an extracting phase, that can be a liquid (polymer) or a solid (sorbent),[1] which extracts different kinds of analytes (including both volatile and non-volatile) from different kinds of media, that can be in liquid or gas phase.[2] The quantity of analyte extracted by the fibre is proportional to its concentration in the sample as long as equilibrium is reached or, in case of short time pre-equilibrium, with help of convection or agitation.
After extraction, the SPME fiber is transferred to the injection port of separating instruments, such as a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,[3] where desorption of the analyte takes place and analysis is carried out.
Advantagesedit
The attraction of SPME is that the extraction is fast, simple, can be done usually without solvents, and detection limits can reach parts per trillion (ppt) levels for certain compounds. SPME also has great potential for field applications; on-site sampling can be done even by nonscientists without the need to have gas chromatography-mass spectrometry equipment at each location. When properly stored, samples can be analyzed days later in the laboratory without significant loss of volatiles.[citation needed]
Fiber Coatingsedit
The coating on the SPME fiber can be selected to improve sensitivity for specific analytes of interest; ideally the sorbent layer will have a high affinity for the target analytes.[4][5] There are many commercially available SPME fiber coatings that are combinations of polydimethylsiloxane, divinylbenzene, Carboxen, polyacrylate, and polyethylene glycol.[6][7] However, one downside to many of the commercially available SPME fibers is that they tend to be physically brittle due to their composition.[5] Depending on the characteristics of the target analytes, certain properties of the coating improve extraction such as polarity, thickness, and surface area.[4][8] The sample matrix can also influence the fiber coating selection. Based on the sample and analytes of interest, the fiber may need to tolerate direct immersion as opposed to a headspace extraction.[6]
Referencesedit
^Spietelun, Agata; Pilarczyk, Michał; Kloskowski, Adam; Namieśnik, Jacek (2010). "Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre coatings". Chemical Society Reviews. 39 (11): 4524–37. doi:10.1039/c003335a. ISSN 0306-0012. PMID 20882243.
^Mitra, Somenath, ed. (2003). Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. p. 113.
^Vas, György; Vékey, Károly (2004). "Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 39 (3): 233–254. Bibcode:2004JMSp...39..233V. doi:10.1002/jms.606. ISSN 1076-5174. PMID 15039931.
^ abSpietelun, Agata; Pilarczyk, Michał; Kloskowski, Adam; Namieśnik, Jacek (2010). "Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre coatings". Chemical Society Reviews. 39 (11): 4524. doi:10.1039/c003335a. ISSN 0306-0012. PMID 20882243.
^ abSpietelun, Agata; Kloskowski, Adam; Chrzanowski, Wojciech; Namieśnik, Jacek (2012-12-28). "Understanding Solid-Phase Microextraction: Key Factors Influencing the Extraction Process and Trends in Improving the Technique". Chemical Reviews. 113 (3): 1667–1685. doi:10.1021/cr300148j. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 23273266.
^ abReyes-Garcés, Nathaly; Gionfriddo, Emanuela; Gómez-Ríos, German Augusto; Alam, Md. Nazmul; Boyacı, Ezel; Bojko, Barbara; Singh, Varoon; Grandy, Jonathan; Pawliszyn, Janusz (2017-12-14). "Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions". Analytical Chemistry. 90 (1): 302–360. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502. ISSN 0003-2700. PMID 29116756.
^Kumar, Ashwini; Gaurav; Malik, Ashok Kumar; Tewary, Dhananjay Kumar; Singh, Baldev (2008-03-03). "A review on development of solid phase microextraction fibers by sol–gel methods and their applications". Analytica Chimica Acta. 610 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.028. ISSN 0003-2670. PMID 18267134.
^Wardencki, Waldemar; Michulec, Magdalena; Curylo, Janusz (2004-07-29). "A review of theoretical and practical aspects of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis". International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 39 (7): 703–717. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00839.x. ISSN 0950-5423.
Further readingedit
Janusz Pawliszyn: Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction, Chemical Industry Press, 2009.
Pawliszyn J.: Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice, Wiley-VCH, 1997.
Pawliszyn J.: Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
Interactive lecturesedit
Introduction to Solid Phase Microextraction
Quantification using Solid Phase Microextraction
December 15, 2023
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Solid phase microextraction or SPME is a solid phase extraction sampling technique that involves the use of a fiber coated with an extracting phase that can be a liquid polymer or a solid sorbent 1 which extracts different kinds of analytes including both volatile and non volatile from different kinds of media that can be in liquid or gas phase 2 The quantity of analyte extracted by the fibre is proportional to its concentration in the sample as long as equilibrium is reached or in case of short time pre equilibrium with help of convection or agitation Solid phase microextraction sampling Contents 1 Analysis 2 Advantages 3 Fiber Coatings 4 References 5 Further reading 6 Interactive lecturesAnalysis editAfter extraction the SPME fiber is transferred to the injection port of separating instruments such as a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry 3 where desorption of the analyte takes place and analysis is carried out Advantages editThe attraction of SPME is that the extraction is fast simple can be done usually without solvents and detection limits can reach parts per trillion ppt levels for certain compounds SPME also has great potential for field applications on site sampling can be done even by nonscientists without the need to have gas chromatography mass spectrometry equipment at each location When properly stored samples can be analyzed days later in the laboratory without significant loss of volatiles citation needed Fiber Coatings editThe coating on the SPME fiber can be selected to improve sensitivity for specific analytes of interest ideally the sorbent layer will have a high affinity for the target analytes 4 5 There are many commercially available SPME fiber coatings that are combinations of polydimethylsiloxane divinylbenzene Carboxen polyacrylate and polyethylene glycol 6 7 However one downside to many of the commercially available SPME fibers is that they tend to be physically brittle due to their composition 5 Depending on the characteristics of the target analytes certain properties of the coating improve extraction such as polarity thickness and surface area 4 8 The sample matrix can also influence the fiber coating selection Based on the sample and analytes of interest the fiber may need to tolerate direct immersion as opposed to a headspace extraction 6 References edit Spietelun Agata Pilarczyk Michal Kloskowski Adam Namiesnik Jacek 2010 Current trends in solid phase microextraction SPME fibre coatings Chemical Society Reviews 39 11 4524 37 doi 10 1039 c003335a ISSN 0306 0012 PMID 20882243 Mitra Somenath ed 2003 Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry Wiley Interscience p 113 Vas Gyorgy Vekey Karoly 2004 Solid phase microextraction a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis Journal of Mass Spectrometry 39 3 233 254 Bibcode 2004JMSp 39 233V doi 10 1002 jms 606 ISSN 1076 5174 PMID 15039931 a b Spietelun Agata Pilarczyk Michal Kloskowski Adam Namiesnik Jacek 2010 Current trends in solid phase microextraction SPME fibre coatings Chemical Society Reviews 39 11 4524 doi 10 1039 c003335a ISSN 0306 0012 PMID 20882243 a b Spietelun Agata Kloskowski Adam Chrzanowski Wojciech Namiesnik Jacek 2012 12 28 Understanding Solid Phase Microextraction Key Factors Influencing the Extraction Process and Trends in Improving the Technique Chemical Reviews 113 3 1667 1685 doi 10 1021 cr300148j ISSN 0009 2665 PMID 23273266 a b Reyes Garces Nathaly Gionfriddo Emanuela Gomez Rios German Augusto Alam Md Nazmul Boyaci Ezel Bojko Barbara Singh Varoon Grandy Jonathan Pawliszyn Janusz 2017 12 14 Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions Analytical Chemistry 90 1 302 360 doi 10 1021 acs analchem 7b04502 ISSN 0003 2700 PMID 29116756 Kumar Ashwini Gaurav Malik Ashok Kumar Tewary Dhananjay Kumar Singh Baldev 2008 03 03 A review on development of solid phase microextraction fibers by sol gel methods and their applications Analytica Chimica Acta 610 1 1 14 doi 10 1016 j aca 2008 01 028 ISSN 0003 2670 PMID 18267134 Wardencki Waldemar Michulec Magdalena Curylo Janusz 2004 07 29 A review of theoretical and practical aspects of solid phase microextraction in food analysis International Journal of Food Science and Technology 39 7 703 717 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2621 2004 00839 x ISSN 0950 5423 Further reading editJanusz Pawliszyn Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction Chemical Industry Press 2009 Pawliszyn J Solid Phase Microextraction Theory and Practice Wiley VCH 1997 Pawliszyn J Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction Royal Society of Chemistry 1999 Interactive lectures editIntroduction to Solid Phase Microextraction Quantification using Solid Phase Microextraction Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Solid phase microextraction amp oldid 1058022814, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
