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Snowmass Process

August 31, 2023

The Snowmass Process is a particle physics community planning exercise sponsored by the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society.[1] During this process, scientists develop a collective vision for the next seven to ten years for particle physics research in the US.[2]

History Edit

Original planning meetings were held beginning in 1982 in Snowmass, Colorado,[3][4] but that has not been the location since 2005.[5][6] More recent locations of the Snowmass Process include the University of Minnesota (2013)[7] and the University of Washington (2021), which was delayed until July 2022, due to COVID.[8]

Description Edit

The modern Snowmass Process consists of a series of small meetings, which culminate in a community-wide meeting. The Snowmass Process solicits reports on progress and plans within "frontiers." Snowmass 2021 identified ten frontiers: "energy; neutrino physics; rare processes and precision measurements; cosmic; theory; accelerator; instrumentation; computation; underground facilities; and community engagement".[8]

Members of the particle physics community submit Letters of interest[9] and provide input to contributed whitepapers.[8] The frontiers use these whitepapers to provide web-based reports based on the material that they receive. The final output of the Snowmass Process is a Snowmass Summary for the Public, a Snowmass Summary Report, and the Snowmass Book.[10]

Outcomes of Snowmass 2013 Edit

The Snowmass Process outcomes of 2013 were used to inform the decisions of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel.[11] A newsworthy outcome of the 2021 Snowmass Process was the announcement that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment would be pursued in two distinct phases.[12][13]


Outcomes of Snowmass 2021 Edit

The outcomes of the Snowmass 2021 process, which extended into 2022, were determined at a final meeting held in July 2022 in Seattle, Washington that had 743 in-person attendees and 654 virtual participants.[14] Snowmass outcomes were covered in detailed articles by the scientific press. [15][16] The title of the Scientific American article, “Physicists Struggle to Unite Around Future Plans,” summed up the problem of convergence of opinion.[16] The articles report that two major problems stymied the field: lack of observation of new particles and rocketing costs of ongoing projects.

No unexpected particles were observed in the first 15 years of data-taking at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the highest energy accelerator on Earth—a disappointment stated by many physicists through-out the Snowmass process,[16] and reflecting a view that has also been expressed outside of the Snowmass meetings.[17] Although LHC will continue to run with modest upgrades, this lack of discovery leaves no clear focus for the next decade of high energy searches, and may also point to a “nightmare-scenario” where the Standard Model that forms the present basis of particle physics is complete and particle physics “wheeze[s] to its end.”[17]

However the 2012 the discovery of an expected particle, the Higgs Boson, has given the field hope of finding new physics through precision searches for unexpected Higgs interactions. As a result, during the Snowmass process, physicists argued for precision measurements at a Higgs factory constructed of an electron-positron collider.[15][16] Many Higgs factories are proposed for outside of the US, including at the European center for particle physics, CERN, as well as in China, and so "a surprise at Snowmass 'was the grassroots support for a collider on US soil'" [15] that grew out of a new US-developed technology called the "cool copper collider." [18] An alternative if the world-wide competition for an electron-position machine is too stiff would be to invest in a Muon collider that could act as a Higgs factory with an approach that is unique world-wide. Muon colliders were discussed at the 2013 Snowmass, but shelved due to insufficiently advanced technology. However, at the 2022 final Snowmass meeting there was an “enthusiastic revival” [15]of the concept.

The possibility of establishing any major new project in the US in the 2023-2033 decade, including a Higgs Factory, is limited due to the rising costs and multi-year delays of existing projects. In particular, at Snowmass, physicists expressed deep concern about the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) project, which has risen from a base cost of $1.3B in 2015 to $3.1B for a de-scoped instrument.[15] Cost over-runs and delays of DUNE are problematic due to stiff competition from a similar experiment in Japan,[15][16] leaving physicists to question the value of DUNE results when they are obtained. Worries were expressed by physicists that issues with DUNE were “smoothed over, not smoothed out.’’[15] Some physicists at Snowmass suggested that the DUNE project might be cancelled, comparing the ominous cost-growth to the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) that was cancelled when the cost tripled.[16]

The whitepapers from the Snowmass process provide input to the 2023 P5 study. The 2023 P5 committee was announced in December 2022.[19]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Shiltsev, V. "Snowmass'21: the US particle physics community planning". SIF Primapagina. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  2. ^ Herschberger, Scott (1 October 2020). "Defining the next decade of US particle physics". Symmetry Magazine. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  3. ^ "Proceedings, 1982 DPF Summer Study on Elementary Particle Physics and Future Facilities (Snowmass 82) : Snowmass, Colorado, June 28-July 16,1982". inspirehep.net. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  4. ^ "Snowmass Meeting Charts Course for High Energy Physics". aps.org. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  5. ^ "2005 International Linear Collider Physics and Detector Workshop and 2nd ILC Accelerator Workshop". inspirehep.net. 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Proceedings, 2013 Community Summer Study on the Future of U.S. Particle Physics: Snowmass on the Mississippi (CSS2013) : Minneapolis, MN, USA, July 29-August 6, 2013". inspirehep.net. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  7. ^ "Snowmass on the Mississippi". indico.fnal.gov. 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Han, Tao (24 January 2022). "Snowmass promises bright future". The CERN Courier. CERN.
  9. ^ Sundermier, Ali. "Physicists submit avalanche of ideas to 'Snowmass' process". symmetry magazine. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  10. ^ "Preparation Site for the Snowmass Report, SnowMass2021". snowmass21.org. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  11. ^ Adrian Cho (22 May 2014). "New Plan for U.S. Particle Physics: Go International". Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  12. ^ Adrian Cho (29 March 2022). "Trying to stay ahead of competition, U.S. pares down troubled $3 billion neutrino experiment". Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  13. ^ Lewton, Thomas (13 April 2022). "Troubled U.S. Neutrino Project Faces Uncertain Future–and Fresh Opportunities". Scientific American. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  14. ^ "Workshop Participant List". Snowmass Community Summer Study Workshop. American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Feder, Toni (October 2022). "US particle physicists envision future of the field". Physics Today. 75 (10): 22–23. doi:10.1063/PT.3.5097. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Garisto, Daniel (8 September 2022). "Physicists Struggle to Unite around Future Plans". Scientific American. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  17. ^ a b Cho, Adrian (12 June 2022). "Ten years after the Higgs, physicists face the nightmare of finding nothing else". Science.
  18. ^ Schirber, Michael (6 October 2022). "A "Retro" Collider Design for a Higgs Factory". No. Vol 15, page 155. Physics Magazine. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  19. ^ "Particle Physics Planning Process Moves Into Final Phase". No. The Week of December 5, 2022. American Institute of Physics. FYI: Science Policy News from AIP. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

External links Edit

  • Welcome to Snowmass
  • Snowmass Process
  • Community Summer Study 2013 : Snowmass on the Mississippi
  • Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (2013)

August 31, 2023
snowmass, process, particle, physics, community, planning, exercise, sponsored, division, particles, fields, american, physical, society, during, this, process, scientists, develop, collective, vision, next, seven, years, particle, physics, research, contents,. The Snowmass Process is a particle physics community planning exercise sponsored by the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society 1 During this process scientists develop a collective vision for the next seven to ten years for particle physics research in the US 2 Contents 1 History 2 Description 3 Outcomes of Snowmass 2013 4 Outcomes of Snowmass 2021 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditOriginal planning meetings were held beginning in 1982 in Snowmass Colorado 3 4 but that has not been the location since 2005 5 6 More recent locations of the Snowmass Process include the University of Minnesota 2013 7 and the University of Washington 2021 which was delayed until July 2022 due to COVID 8 Description EditThe modern Snowmass Process consists of a series of small meetings which culminate in a community wide meeting The Snowmass Process solicits reports on progress and plans within frontiers Snowmass 2021 identified ten frontiers energy neutrino physics rare processes and precision measurements cosmic theory accelerator instrumentation computation underground facilities and community engagement 8 Members of the particle physics community submit Letters of interest 9 and provide input to contributed whitepapers 8 The frontiers use these whitepapers to provide web based reports based on the material that they receive The final output of the Snowmass Process is a Snowmass Summary for the Public a Snowmass Summary Report and the Snowmass Book 10 Outcomes of Snowmass 2013 EditThe Snowmass Process outcomes of 2013 were used to inform the decisions of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel 11 A newsworthy outcome of the 2021 Snowmass Process was the announcement that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment would be pursued in two distinct phases 12 13 Outcomes of Snowmass 2021 EditThe outcomes of the Snowmass 2021 process which extended into 2022 were determined at a final meeting held in July 2022 in Seattle Washington that had 743 in person attendees and 654 virtual participants 14 Snowmass outcomes were covered in detailed articles by the scientific press 15 16 The title of the Scientific American article Physicists Struggle to Unite Around Future Plans summed up the problem of convergence of opinion 16 The articles report that two major problems stymied the field lack of observation of new particles and rocketing costs of ongoing projects No unexpected particles were observed in the first 15 years of data taking at the Large Hadron Collider LHC the highest energy accelerator on Earth a disappointment stated by many physicists through out the Snowmass process 16 and reflecting a view that has also been expressed outside of the Snowmass meetings 17 Although LHC will continue to run with modest upgrades this lack of discovery leaves no clear focus for the next decade of high energy searches and may also point to a nightmare scenario where the Standard Model that forms the present basis of particle physics is complete and particle physics wheeze s to its end 17 However the 2012 the discovery of an expected particle the Higgs Boson has given the field hope of finding new physics through precision searches for unexpected Higgs interactions As a result during the Snowmass process physicists argued for precision measurements at a Higgs factory constructed of an electron positron collider 15 16 Many Higgs factories are proposed for outside of the US including at the European center for particle physics CERN as well as in China and so a surprise at Snowmass was the grassroots support for a collider on US soil 15 that grew out of a new US developed technology called the cool copper collider 18 An alternative if the world wide competition for an electron position machine is too stiff would be to invest in a Muon collider that could act as a Higgs factory with an approach that is unique world wide Muon colliders were discussed at the 2013 Snowmass but shelved due to insufficiently advanced technology However at the 2022 final Snowmass meeting there was an enthusiastic revival 15 of the concept The possibility of establishing any major new project in the US in the 2023 2033 decade including a Higgs Factory is limited due to the rising costs and multi year delays of existing projects In particular at Snowmass physicists expressed deep concern about the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment DUNE project which has risen from a base cost of 1 3B in 2015 to 3 1B for a de scoped instrument 15 Cost over runs and delays of DUNE are problematic due to stiff competition from a similar experiment in Japan 15 16 leaving physicists to question the value of DUNE results when they are obtained Worries were expressed by physicists that issues with DUNE were smoothed over not smoothed out 15 Some physicists at Snowmass suggested that the DUNE project might be cancelled comparing the ominous cost growth to the Superconducting Super Collider SSC that was cancelled when the cost tripled 16 The whitepapers from the Snowmass process provide input to the 2023 P5 study The 2023 P5 committee was announced in December 2022 19 See also EditDecadal survey Scientific collaboration networkReferences Edit Shiltsev V Snowmass 21 the US particle physics community planning SIF Primapagina Retrieved 26 April 2022 Herschberger Scott 1 October 2020 Defining the next decade of US particle physics Symmetry Magazine Retrieved 25 April 2022 Proceedings 1982 DPF Summer Study on Elementary Particle Physics and Future Facilities Snowmass 82 Snowmass Colorado June 28 July 16 1982 inspirehep net Retrieved 27 April 2022 Snowmass Meeting Charts Course for High Energy Physics aps org Retrieved 26 April 2022 2005 International Linear Collider Physics and Detector Workshop and 2nd ILC Accelerator Workshop inspirehep net 2005 Retrieved 27 April 2022 Proceedings 2013 Community Summer Study on the Future of U S Particle Physics Snowmass on the Mississippi CSS2013 Minneapolis MN USA July 29 August 6 2013 inspirehep net Retrieved 27 April 2022 Snowmass on the Mississippi indico fnal gov 2013 Retrieved 26 April 2022 a b c Han Tao 24 January 2022 Snowmass promises bright future The CERN Courier CERN Sundermier Ali Physicists submit avalanche of ideas to Snowmass process symmetry magazine Retrieved 26 April 2022 Preparation Site for the Snowmass Report SnowMass2021 snowmass21 org Retrieved 26 April 2022 Adrian Cho 22 May 2014 New Plan for U S Particle Physics Go International Science American Association for the Advancement of Science Adrian Cho 29 March 2022 Trying to stay ahead of competition U S pares down troubled 3 billion neutrino experiment Science American Association for the Advancement of Science Lewton Thomas 13 April 2022 Troubled U S Neutrino Project Faces Uncertain Future and Fresh Opportunities Scientific American Retrieved 13 April 2022 Workshop Participant List Snowmass Community Summer Study Workshop American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields Retrieved 27 December 2022 a b c d e f g Feder Toni October 2022 US particle physicists envision future of the field Physics Today 75 10 22 23 doi 10 1063 PT 3 5097 Retrieved 27 December 2022 a b c d e f Garisto Daniel 8 September 2022 Physicists Struggle to Unite around Future Plans Scientific American Retrieved 27 December 2022 a b Cho Adrian 12 June 2022 Ten years after the Higgs physicists face the nightmare of finding nothing else Science Schirber Michael 6 October 2022 A Retro Collider Design for a Higgs Factory No Vol 15 page 155 Physics Magazine Retrieved 27 December 2022 Particle Physics Planning Process Moves Into Final Phase No The Week of December 5 2022 American Institute of Physics FYI Science Policy News from AIP 5 December 2022 Retrieved 27 December 2022 External links EditWelcome to Snowmass Snowmass Process Community Summer Study 2013 Snowmass on the Mississippi Planning the Future of U S Particle Physics 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Snowmass Process amp oldid 1170055964, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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