The Single-Chip Cloud Computer (SCC) is a computer processor created by Intel Corporation in 2009 that features 48 distinct physical cores.[1] These cores communicate through an architecture similar to a cloud computer data center. Cores are components of the processor responsible for executing instructions that enable the computer to function. The SCC resulted from an Intel project focusing on researching multi-core processors and parallel processing. Intel also aimed to explore the integration of designs and architecture from large cloud computer data centers (cloud computing) into a single processing chip. The name "Single-chip Cloud Computer" reflects this concept.[2]
The cores are spread across the chip but capable of direct communication. The chip comprises 48 P54C Pentium cores connected with a 4×6 2D-mesh. This mesh consists of 24 tiles arranged in four rows and six columns. Each tile contains two cores and a 16 KB (8 per core) message passing buffer (MPB) shared by the two cores, essentially functioning as a router.[5] This router enables each core to communicate directly with others, eliminating the need to send information back to the main memory for rerouting to other cores.[3] The SCC contains 1.3 billion 45 nmtransistors capable of amplifying signals or acting as a switch, using 25 to 125 watts of power depending on processing demand. Each chip includes four DDR3 memory controllers connected to the 2D mesh, capable of addressing 64 GB of random-access memory. The DDR3 memory facilitates communication among tiles, contributing to the chip's functionality. These controllers, along with the transistors, manage the activation and deactivation of specific tiles to conserve power when not in use. Proper coding integration results in a functional processor with high speed, power, and energy efficiency, resembling a network of cloud computers.[6]
Modes of operationedit
The SCC comes with RCCE, a simple message-passing interface provided by Intel supporting basic message-buffering operations.[5] The SCC operates in two modes: processor mode and mesh mode.
Processor modeedit
In processor mode, cores are active, executing code from the system memory, and performing programmed I/O (inputs and outputs) through the system connected to the system board FPGA. Software running on the SCC's embedded management console handles tasks such as loading memory and configuring the processor for bootstrapping (sustaining after the initial load).[7]
Mesh modeedit
In mesh mode, cores are turned off, leaving only the routers, transistors, and RAM controllers active. These components send and receive large packets of data without a memory map.[7]
The futureedit
Intel intends to share this technology with other companies, including HP, Yahoo, and Microsoft, to foster collaborative research on the SCC to advance the technology. The goal is to make the SCC scalable to 100+ cores, potentially achieved by enabling communication between individual chips. Intel aims to enhance parallel programming productivity and power management, leveraging the chip's architecture and numerous cores. Further experimentation is planned on this architecture and similar chip architectures to develop many-core scalable processors maximizing processing power while maintaining energy efficiency.[4]
^ abNerurkar, Nishad; Mhatre, Aniket. "Overview of the Intel Single Chip Cloud-Computer" (PDF). Retrieved 30 October 2014.[dead link]
January 01, 1970
single, chip, cloud, computer, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, a. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Single chip Cloud Computer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message The Single Chip Cloud Computer SCC is a computer processor created by Intel Corporation in 2009 that features 48 distinct physical cores 1 These cores communicate through an architecture similar to a cloud computer data center Cores are components of the processor responsible for executing instructions that enable the computer to function The SCC resulted from an Intel project focusing on researching multi core processors and parallel processing Intel also aimed to explore the integration of designs and architecture from large cloud computer data centers cloud computing into a single processing chip The name Single chip Cloud Computer reflects this concept 2 Contents 1 Uses 2 Technical details 3 Modes of operation 3 1 Processor mode 3 2 Mesh mode 4 The future 5 See also 6 ReferencesUses editThe SCC is currently utilized for research purposes It can run the Linux operating system on the chip but it cannot run Windows 3 Some applications of the SCC include web servers data informatics bioinformatics and financial analytics 4 Technical details editThe cores are spread across the chip but capable of direct communication The chip comprises 48 P54C Pentium cores connected with a 4 6 2D mesh This mesh consists of 24 tiles arranged in four rows and six columns Each tile contains two cores and a 16 KB 8 per core message passing buffer MPB shared by the two cores essentially functioning as a router 5 This router enables each core to communicate directly with others eliminating the need to send information back to the main memory for rerouting to other cores 3 The SCC contains 1 3 billion 45 nm transistors capable of amplifying signals or acting as a switch using 25 to 125 watts of power depending on processing demand Each chip includes four DDR3 memory controllers connected to the 2D mesh capable of addressing 64 GB of random access memory The DDR3 memory facilitates communication among tiles contributing to the chip s functionality These controllers along with the transistors manage the activation and deactivation of specific tiles to conserve power when not in use Proper coding integration results in a functional processor with high speed power and energy efficiency resembling a network of cloud computers 6 Modes of operation editThe SCC comes with RCCE a simple message passing interface provided by Intel supporting basic message buffering operations 5 The SCC operates in two modes processor mode and mesh mode Processor mode edit In processor mode cores are active executing code from the system memory and performing programmed I O inputs and outputs through the system connected to the system board FPGA Software running on the SCC s embedded management console handles tasks such as loading memory and configuring the processor for bootstrapping sustaining after the initial load 7 Mesh mode edit In mesh mode cores are turned off leaving only the routers transistors and RAM controllers active These components send and receive large packets of data without a memory map 7 The future editIntel intends to share this technology with other companies including HP Yahoo and Microsoft to foster collaborative research on the SCC to advance the technology The goal is to make the SCC scalable to 100 cores potentially achieved by enabling communication between individual chips Intel aims to enhance parallel programming productivity and power management leveraging the chip s architecture and numerous cores Further experimentation is planned on this architecture and similar chip architectures to develop many core scalable processors maximizing processing power while maintaining energy efficiency 4 See also editIntel MIC Intel Tera Scale Teraflops Research ChipReferences edit SCCC PDF from intel cn PDF Intel China Retrieved December 27 2023 Ng Jason Intel Demonstrates 48 Core Single Chip Cloud Computer Daily Tech Retrieved 30 October 2014 a b Corley Anne Marie 9 February 2010 Intel Lifts the Hood on its Single Chip Cloud Computer IEEE Spectrum IEEE Retrieved 30 October 2014 a b Intel Labs Announces Single chip Cloud Computing Experimental Chip YouTube Intel Retrieved 11 November 2014 dead link a b Pichel Juan Rivera Francisco 2013 Sparse matrix vector multiplication on the Single Chip Cloud Computer many core processor Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 73 12 1539 1550 doi 10 1016 j jpdc 2013 07 017 Matson Tim Using Intel s Single Chip Cloud Computer SCC PDF Intel com Intel Corporation Retrieved 30 October 2014 dead link a b Nerurkar Nishad Mhatre Aniket Overview of the Intel Single Chip Cloud Computer PDF Retrieved 30 October 2014 dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Single chip Cloud Computer amp oldid 1220990299, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
