fbpx
Wikipedia

Simple Features

April 14, 2023

Simple Features (officially Simple Feature Access) is a set of standards that specify a common storage and access model of geographic features made of mostly two-dimensional geometries (point, line, polygon, multi-point, multi-line, etc.) used by geographic information systems. It is formalized by both the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

The ISO 19125 standard comes in two parts. Part 1, ISO 19125-1 (SFA-CA for "common architecture"), defines a model for two-dimensional simple features, with linear interpolation between vertices, defined in a hierarchy of classes; this part also defines representation of geometry in text (WKT) and binary (WKB) forms. Part 2 of the standard, ISO 19125-2 (SFA-SQL), defines a "SQL/MM" language binding API for SQL under the prefix "SF_".[1] The open access OGC standards cover additionally APIs for CORBA and OLE/COM, although these have lagged behind the SQL one and are not standardized by ISO. There are also adaptations to other languages covered below.

The ISO/IEC 13249-3 SQL/MM Spatial extends the Simple Features data model mainly with circular interpolations (e.g. circular arcs) and adds other features like coordinate transformations and methods for validating geometries as well as Geography Markup Language support.[1]

Details

Part 1

The geometries are associated with spatial reference systems. The standard also specifies attributes, methods and assertions with the geometries, in the object-oriented style. In general, a 2D geometry is simple if it contains no self-intersection. The specification defines DE-9IM spatial predicates and several spatial operators that can be used to generate new geometries from existing geometries.

Part 2

Part 2 is a SQL binding to Part 1, providing a translation of the interface to non-object-oriented environments. For example, instead of a someGeometryObject.isEmpty() as in Part 1, SQL/MM uses a ST_IsEmpty(...) function in SQL.

Spatial

The spatial extension adds the datatypes "Circularstring", "CompoundCurve", "CurvePolygon", "PolyhedralSurface", the last of which is also included into the OGC standard. It also defines the SQL/MM versions of these types and operations on them.

Implementations

Direct implementations of Part 2 (SQL/MM) include:

Adaptations include:

  • Implementations of the CORBA and OLE/COM interfaces detailed above are mainly produced by commercial vendors maintaining legacy technology.
  • R: The sf package[12] implements Simple Features and contains functions that bind to GDAL for reading and writing data, to GEOS for geometrical operations, and to PROJ for projection conversions and datum transformations.
  • The GDAL library implements the Simple Features data model in its OGR component.[13]
  • The Java-based deegree framework implements SFA (part 1) and various other OGC standards.[14]
  • The Rust library geo_types implements geometry primitives that adhere to the simple feature access standards.[15]

GeoSPARQL is an OGC standard that is intended to allow geospatially-linked data representation and querying based on RDF and SPARQL by defining an ontology for geospatial reasoning supporting a small Simple Features (as well as DE-9IM and RCC8) RDFS/OWL vocabulary for GML and WKT literals.[16]

As of 2012, various NoSQL databases had very limited support for "anything more complex than a bounding box or proximity search".[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4.
  2. ^ "MySQL 5.1 documentation on Spatial extensions". mysql.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  3. ^ a b Frank Hardisty (Fall 2012). "Penn State Geography 583: Geospatial System Analysis and Design. Databases".
  4. ^ "MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 12.15.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects". dev.mysql.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  5. ^ "GeoSpatial - MonetDB". 4 March 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4.
  7. ^ "SpatiaLite: SpatiaLite". www.gaia-gis.it. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  8. ^ Ravikanth V. Kothuri; Euro Beinat; Albert Godfrind (2004). Pro Oracle Spatial. Apress. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-59059-383-7.
  9. ^ Alastair Aitchison (2012). Pro Spatial with SQL Server 2012. Apress. pp. 21–23. ISBN 978-1-4302-3491-3.
  10. ^ http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc01964.1602/doc/html/saiq-standards-compatibility-spatial.html SAP Sybase IQ support for spatial data
  11. ^ http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2f4266787c1014a9b6ab6cf937f8ac/content.htm?frameset=/en/7a/2d11d7787c1014ac3a8663250814c2/frameset.htm&current_toc=/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/plain.htm&node_id=12 SAP HANA Spatial Reference: Supported Import and Export Formats for Spatial Data
  12. ^ Pebesma, Edzer; Bivand, Roger; Cook, Ian; Keitt, Tim; Sumner, Michael; Lovelace, Robin; Wickham, Hadley; Ooms, Jeroen; Racine, Etienne (22 March 2018). "sf: Simple Features for R". Retrieved 2 April 2018 – via R-Packages.
  13. ^ "FAQ: What is this OGR stuff?". www.gdal.org. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  14. ^ Shashi Shekhar; Hui Xiong (2007). Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer. pp. 235–236. ISBN 978-0-387-30858-6.
  15. ^ "geo_types - Rust". docs.rs. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  16. ^ Battle, Robert; Kolas, Dave (2012). "Enabling the Geospatial Semantic Web with Parliament and GeoSPARQL" (PDF). Semantic Web. IOS Press. 3 (4): 355–370. doi:10.3233/SW-2012-0065. Retrieved 21 November 2012.

External links

  • Simple Features SWG

Standard documents

  • ISO/IEC:
    • ISO 19125-1:2004 Geographic information -- Simple feature access -- Part 1: Common architecture
    • ISO 19125-2:2004 Geographic information -- Simple feature access -- Part 2: SQL option
  • OpenGIS
    • OpenGIS Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture (05-126, 06-103r3, 06-103r4), current version 1.2.1
    • OpenGIS Simple Feature Access - Part 2: SQL Option (99-054, 05-134, 06-104r3, 06-104r4), current version 1.2.1, formerly OpenGIS Simple Features [Implementation Specification] for SQL
    • OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for CORBA (99-054), current version 1.0
    • OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for OLE/COM (99-050), current version 1.1

April 14, 2023
simple, features, officially, simple, feature, access, standards, that, specify, common, storage, access, model, geographic, features, made, mostly, dimensional, geometries, point, line, polygon, multi, point, multi, line, used, geographic, information, system. Simple Features officially Simple Feature Access is a set of standards that specify a common storage and access model of geographic features made of mostly two dimensional geometries point line polygon multi point multi line etc used by geographic information systems It is formalized by both the Open Geospatial Consortium OGC and the International Organization for Standardization ISO The ISO 19125 standard comes in two parts Part 1 ISO 19125 1 SFA CA for common architecture defines a model for two dimensional simple features with linear interpolation between vertices defined in a hierarchy of classes this part also defines representation of geometry in text WKT and binary WKB forms Part 2 of the standard ISO 19125 2 SFA SQL defines a SQL MM language binding API for SQL under the prefix SF 1 The open access OGC standards cover additionally APIs for CORBA and OLE COM although these have lagged behind the SQL one and are not standardized by ISO There are also adaptations to other languages covered below The ISO IEC 13249 3 SQL MM Spatial extends the Simple Features data model mainly with circular interpolations e g circular arcs and adds other features like coordinate transformations and methods for validating geometries as well as Geography Markup Language support 1 Contents 1 Details 1 1 Part 1 1 2 Part 2 1 3 Spatial 2 Implementations 3 See also 4 References 5 External links 5 1 Standard documentsDetails EditPart 1 Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2012 The geometries are associated with spatial reference systems The standard also specifies attributes methods and assertions with the geometries in the object oriented style In general a 2D geometry is simple if it contains no self intersection The specification defines DE 9IM spatial predicates and several spatial operators that can be used to generate new geometries from existing geometries Part 2 Edit Part 2 is a SQL binding to Part 1 providing a translation of the interface to non object oriented environments For example instead of a someGeometryObject isEmpty as in Part 1 SQL MM uses a ST IsEmpty function in SQL Spatial Edit The spatial extension adds the datatypes Circularstring CompoundCurve CurvePolygon PolyhedralSurface the last of which is also included into the OGC standard It also defines the SQL MM versions of these types and operations on them Implementations EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2012 Direct implementations of Part 2 SQL MM include MySQL Spatial Extensions 2 Up to MySQL 5 5 all of the functions that calculate relations between geometries are implemented using bounding boxes not the actual geometries 3 Starting from version 5 6 MySQL offers support for precise object shapes 4 MonetDB GIS extension for MonetDB 5 PostGIS extension for PostgreSQL also supporting some of the SQL MM Spatial features 6 SpatiaLite extension for SQLite 7 Oracle Spatial which also implements some of the advanced features from SQL MM Spatial 8 IBM Db2 Spatial Extender and IBM Informix Spatial DataBlade 6 Microsoft SQL Server since version 2008 6 with significant additions in the 2012 version 9 SAP Sybase IQ 10 SAP HANA as of 1 0 SPS6 11 Adaptations include Implementations of the CORBA and OLE COM interfaces detailed above are mainly produced by commercial vendors maintaining legacy technology R The sf package 12 implements Simple Features and contains functions that bind to GDAL for reading and writing data to GEOS for geometrical operations and to PROJ for projection conversions and datum transformations The GDAL library implements the Simple Features data model in its OGR component 13 The Java based deegree framework implements SFA part 1 and various other OGC standards 14 The Rust library geo types implements geometry primitives that adhere to the simple feature access standards 15 GeoSPARQL is an OGC standard that is intended to allow geospatially linked data representation and querying based on RDF and SPARQL by defining an ontology for geospatial reasoning supporting a small Simple Features as well as DE 9IM and RCC8 RDFS OWL vocabulary for GML and WKT literals 16 As of 2012 various NoSQL databases had very limited support for anything more complex than a bounding box or proximity search 3 See also EditDE 9IM Well known text Well known binaryReferences Edit a b Wolfgang Kresse David M Danko 2011 Springer Handbook of Geographic Information Springer pp 81 83 ISBN 978 3 540 72678 4 MySQL 5 1 documentation on Spatial extensions mysql com Retrieved 2 April 2018 a b Frank Hardisty Fall 2012 Penn State Geography 583 Geospatial System Analysis and Design Databases MySQL MySQL 5 6 Reference Manual 12 15 9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects dev mysql com Retrieved 2 April 2018 GeoSpatial MonetDB 4 March 2014 a b c Wolfgang Kresse David M Danko 2011 Springer Handbook of Geographic Information Springer pp 105 106 ISBN 978 3 540 72678 4 SpatiaLite SpatiaLite www gaia gis it Retrieved 2 April 2018 Ravikanth V Kothuri Euro Beinat Albert Godfrind 2004 Pro Oracle Spatial Apress p 65 ISBN 978 1 59059 383 7 Alastair Aitchison 2012 Pro Spatial with SQL Server 2012 Apress pp 21 23 ISBN 978 1 4302 3491 3 http infocenter sybase com help index jsp topic com sybase infocenter dc01964 1602 doc html saiq standards compatibility spatial html SAP Sybase IQ support for spatial data http help sap com saphelp hanaplatform helpdata en 7a 2f4266787c1014a9b6ab6cf937f8ac content htm frameset en 7a 2d11d7787c1014ac3a8663250814c2 frameset htm amp current toc en 99 d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5 plain htm amp node id 12 SAP HANA Spatial Reference Supported Import and Export Formats for Spatial Data Pebesma Edzer Bivand Roger Cook Ian Keitt Tim Sumner Michael Lovelace Robin Wickham Hadley Ooms Jeroen Racine Etienne 22 March 2018 sf Simple Features for R Retrieved 2 April 2018 via R Packages FAQ What is this OGR stuff www gdal org Retrieved 2 April 2018 Shashi Shekhar Hui Xiong 2007 Encyclopedia of GIS Springer pp 235 236 ISBN 978 0 387 30858 6 geo types Rust docs rs Retrieved 2023 03 19 Battle Robert Kolas Dave 2012 Enabling the Geospatial Semantic Web with Parliament and GeoSPARQL PDF Semantic Web IOS Press 3 4 355 370 doi 10 3233 SW 2012 0065 Retrieved 21 November 2012 External links EditSimple Features SWGStandard documents Edit ISO IEC ISO 19125 1 2004 Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1 Common architecture ISO 19125 2 2004 Geographic information Simple feature access Part 2 SQL option OpenGIS OpenGIS Implementation Specification for Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1 Common architecture 05 126 06 103r3 06 103r4 current version 1 2 1 OpenGIS Simple Feature Access Part 2 SQL Option 99 054 05 134 06 104r3 06 104r4 current version 1 2 1 formerly OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for CORBA 99 054 current version 1 0 OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for OLE COM 99 050 current version 1 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Simple Features amp oldid 1145512905, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.