The siege of Mirandolain 1321, also known as the siege of Duke Passerino, was a military conflict involving Francesco I Pico, first lord of Mirandola, against Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi, better known as Duke Passerino, lord of Mantua.
In August 1311, Francesco I Pico obtained from Emperor Henry VII, during his descent into Italy, the investiture of imperial vicar of Mirandola. However, Francesco I Pico was captured by the Bolognese Guelphs at Baggiovara on 8 July 1312. Following this, the Grasulfi faction offered the lordship to Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi the following October.[1]
Freed after nine months of imprisonment and having gone to Pisa and Verona, in June 1317 Francesco I Pico returned to Modena and, after neutralising the podestà Federico della Scala, successfully organised a revolt against the Duke Passerino at the beginning of 1318, regaining lordship over Modena.[1]
In late November and early December 1319, Francesco I Pico sent a military expedition to help the people of Carpi who had rebelled against Manfredo I Pio allied with Bonacolsi;[1] but being defeated, he had to cede the lordship of Modena to the latter again on 1 December 1319 and stipulate a truce.[2]
Shortly afterwards, Duke Passerino decided not to respect the agreements made (certis pactis in brevi male servatis) and on Friday 27 November 1321 had Francesco I Pico and his sons Tommasino and Prendiparte arrested, together with Zaccaria Tosabecchi and his brother and son.[3] On the following Wednesday, the Pico family were imprisoned in the dungeons of Castel d'Ario castle, where they were starved to death after tearing each other to pieces, as in the lugubrious affair of Count Ugolino della Gherardesca described by Dante Alighieri in the Divine Comedy and which took place 33 years earlier.[4]
Duke Passerino began the siege of the castle of the Pico on Saturday 28 November 1321[5] and lasted just over a month.[6]
Finally, on 31 December 1321, the castle was conquered[7] and subsequently razed to the ground.[1] The moat (vallum) was levelled.
Afterwardsedit
In 1328, Niccolò Pico, allied with the Gonzaga and Della Scala who had conquered Mantua, managed to avenge his father: he locked up the Duke Passerino's sons and grandsons in the same tower, starving them to death too.[8]
Mirandola, which had become a dominion of the Gonzaga family together with Mantua since 16 August 1328, was however only returned to the Pico family by Emperor Charles IV on 23 December 1354, when Francesco II Pico was appointed lord of the city.[9]
^Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1723). Chhronicon Regiense in Principio Mutilum (in Latin). Vol. XVIII. ex typographia Societatis palatinae. p. 31.
^Cronaca della nobilissima famiglia Pico scritta da autore anonimo. Mirandola: Tipografia di Gaetano Cagarelli. 1875. p. 154.
^Pompeo Litta. . p. 2. Archived from the original on 2017-11-09. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
^Giovanni Bazzano. Cronicon Mutinense. Vol. XV. p. 583.
^Memorie storiche della città e dell'antico ducato della Mirandola. Vol. 2. 1874. p. 160.
^Pompilio Pozzetti (1835). Lettere mirandolesi scritte al conte Ottavio Greco. Vol. 3. Reggio Emilia: Tip. Torreggiani e compagno. p. 40.
^Angelo Angelucci (1864). Di un frammento di falconetto dei Pico signori di Mirandola gittato nel 1500 parole di Angelo Angelucci. Torino: Tip. G. Cassone e C. p. 12.
siege, mirandola, 1321, siege, mirandola, 1321, also, known, siege, duke, passerino, military, conflict, involving, francesco, pico, first, lord, mirandola, against, rinaldo, bonacolsi, better, known, duke, passerino, lord, mantua, siege, mirandolamirandoladat. The siege of Mirandola in 1321 also known as the siege of Duke Passerino was a military conflict involving Francesco I Pico first lord of Mirandola against Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi better known as Duke Passerino lord of Mantua Siege of MirandolaMirandolaDate28 November 31 December 1321LocationMirandolaResultvictory of Duke PasserinoBelligerentsLordship of MirandolaLordship of MantuaCommanders and leadersFrancesco I Pico Bartolomeo Pico Giovanni PicoRinaldo dei Bonacolsi Francesco dei Bonacolsi Contents 1 Background 2 Siege 3 Afterwards 4 References 5 See alsoBackground editIn August 1311 Francesco I Pico obtained from Emperor Henry VII during his descent into Italy the investiture of imperial vicar of Mirandola However Francesco I Pico was captured by the Bolognese Guelphs at Baggiovara on 8 July 1312 Following this the Grasulfi faction offered the lordship to Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi the following October 1 Freed after nine months of imprisonment and having gone to Pisa and Verona in June 1317 Francesco I Pico returned to Modena and after neutralising the podesta Federico della Scala successfully organised a revolt against the Duke Passerino at the beginning of 1318 regaining lordship over Modena 1 In late November and early December 1319 Francesco I Pico sent a military expedition to help the people of Carpi who had rebelled against Manfredo I Pio allied with Bonacolsi 1 but being defeated he had to cede the lordship of Modena to the latter again on 1 December 1319 and stipulate a truce 2 Siege edit nbsp Plaque at the castle of Castel d Ario Shortly afterwards Duke Passerino decided not to respect the agreements made certis pactis in brevi male servatis and on Friday 27 November 1321 had Francesco I Pico and his sons Tommasino and Prendiparte arrested together with Zaccaria Tosabecchi and his brother and son 3 On the following Wednesday the Pico family were imprisoned in the dungeons of Castel d Ario castle where they were starved to death after tearing each other to pieces as in the lugubrious affair of Count Ugolino della Gherardesca described by Dante Alighieri in the Divine Comedy and which took place 33 years earlier 4 Duke Passerino began the siege of the castle of the Pico on Saturday 28 November 1321 5 and lasted just over a month 6 Finally on 31 December 1321 the castle was conquered 7 and subsequently razed to the ground 1 The moat vallum was levelled Afterwards editIn 1328 Niccolo Pico allied with the Gonzaga and Della Scala who had conquered Mantua managed to avenge his father he locked up the Duke Passerino s sons and grandsons in the same tower starving them to death too 8 Mirandola which had become a dominion of the Gonzaga family together with Mantua since 16 August 1328 was however only returned to the Pico family by Emperor Charles IV on 23 December 1354 when Francesco II Pico was appointed lord of the city 9 References edit a b c d Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani in Italian Rome Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana 1960 2020 ISBN 978 8 81200032 6 Ludovico Antonio Muratori 1723 Chhronicon Regiense in Principio Mutilum in Latin Vol XVIII ex typographia Societatis palatinae p 31 Cronaca della nobilissima famiglia Pico scritta da autore anonimo Mirandola Tipografia di Gaetano Cagarelli 1875 p 154 Pompeo Litta Famiglie celebri d Italia Pico della Mirandola p 2 Archived from the original on 2017 11 09 Retrieved 2017 11 09 Giovanni Bazzano Cronicon Mutinense Vol XV p 583 Memorie storiche della citta e dell antico ducato della Mirandola Vol 2 1874 p 160 Pompilio Pozzetti 1835 Lettere mirandolesi scritte al conte Ottavio Greco Vol 3 Reggio Emilia Tip Torreggiani e compagno p 40 Angelo Angelucci 1864 Di un frammento di falconetto dei Pico signori di Mirandola gittato nel 1500 parole di Angelo Angelucci Torino Tip G Cassone e C p 12 Pico della Mirandola entry in Italian in the Enciclopedia italianaSee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Siege of Mirandola 1321 Castle of the Pico Duchy of Mirandola Guelphs and Ghibellines Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siege of Mirandola 1321 amp oldid 1131492116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
