In August and September 1475 Queen Isabella I of Castille had strengthened garrisons near the city of Burgos while her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon besieged the city's fortress.[2] The fortress was armed with large Lombard guns that bombarded the city, which had pledged to support Isabella.[1]
The queen's forces harassed King Afonso V of Portugal troops, and managed to cut their supply lines.[3] After learning that the road north from Peñafiel was cut, the Portuguese turned back.[2] Consequently, the Portuguese retreated back to Toro and moved to Zamora in October for the winter.[2] These actions prevented the Portuguese from relieving the besieged castle garrison.[3]
King Ferdinand II could not be present when the Burgos garrison surrendered, as he held the siege of Zamora so important that his presence was required there.[4] He left for Zamora in early December.[5] The city had fallen quickly, but the castle of Zamora was retained by the Portuguese. As the king had left, Queen Isabella was tasked with receiving the surrender of Burgos.[4]
The city's fortress surrendered after nine months. Tunnelers had cut off the water supply, and the garrison asked for surrender terms ten days later,[3] on 2 December 1475.[2] After a customary truce of two months, the besieging force was to take control of the fortress.[3][2] However, commander (alcaide) of the garrison Juan de Stúñiga[1] surrendered early on 19 January, and was commended for his valor before his dismissal by Isabella. This act made his father switch sides to Isabella.[2]Cardinal Mendoza, usually part of Queen Isabella's retinue, had overseen the final negotiations, and by 2 February 1476 the queen could visit the fortress.[3]
Aftermathedit
The fall of Burgos was one of the first major victories against Joanna la Beltraneja. The city of Burgos was a necessary asset for controlling the Kingdom of Castile.[3] The troops tasked with besieging Burgos were sent westward to join the action in Toro and Zamora.[4]
Military historyedit
The siege of Burgos was one of the last military engagements that saw the use of trebuchets, as gunpowder weaponry such as cannons became increasingly common, and the siege is one of the last known references to their use.[6][7] During the siege, bombards were used alongside trebuchets.[8]
See alsoedit
House of Zúñiga, the garrison commander belonged to this noble lineage
^ abcPeggy K. Liss (20 December 2004). Isabel the Queen: Life and Times. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 125. ISBN978-0-8122-1897-8.
^ abcdefgPeggy K. Liss (10 November 2015). Isabel the Queen: Life and Times. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. pp. 110–111. ISBN978-0-8122-9320-3.
^ abcdefgGiles Tremlett (9 February 2017). Isabella of Castile: Europe's First Great Queen. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 134–135. ISBN978-1-4088-5396-2.
^ abcJ. Edwards (11 June 2014). Ferdinand and Isabella. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN978-1-317-89345-5.
^History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic, etc. R. Bentley. 1854. p. 101.
^Maurice Daumas (1970). A History of Technology & Invention: The first stages of mechanization. Crown Publishers. p. 103.
^Bert S. Hall (1997). Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 21. ISBN978-0-8018-5531-3.
^Alfred W. Crosby (8 April 2002). Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. ISBN978-0-521-79158-8.
November 15, 2023
siege, burgos, 1475, part, castilian, successionengraving, castle, burgos, from, work, civitates, orbis, terrarum, braun, hogenberg, 1576date1475, early, 1476locationcastle, burgosresultisabella, aragon, victorybelligerentsisabella, supporters, crown, aragonju. Siege of Burgos 1475 Part of War of the Castilian SuccessionEngraving of the Castle of Burgos from the work Civitates Orbis Terrarum by Braun amp Hogenberg of 1576Date1475 early 1476LocationCastle of BurgosResultIsabella and Aragon victoryBelligerentsIsabella Supporters Crown of AragonJuana Supporters Kingdom of PortugalCommanders and leadersIsabella I of Castile Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza Ferdinand II of Aragon Alfonso of AragonJuan de Stuniga 1 Afonso V of Portugal The siege of Burgos was a siege of the castle of Burgos in the Kingdom of Castile between 1475 and early 1476 It was part of the War of the Castilian Succession Contents 1 Siege 2 Aftermath 3 Military history 4 See also 5 ReferencesSiege editIn August and September 1475 Queen Isabella I of Castille had strengthened garrisons near the city of Burgos while her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon besieged the city s fortress 2 The fortress was armed with large Lombard guns that bombarded the city which had pledged to support Isabella 1 The queen s forces harassed King Afonso V of Portugal troops and managed to cut their supply lines 3 After learning that the road north from Penafiel was cut the Portuguese turned back 2 Consequently the Portuguese retreated back to Toro and moved to Zamora in October for the winter 2 These actions prevented the Portuguese from relieving the besieged castle garrison 3 By the end of November 1475 King Ferdinand s brother Alfonso of Aragon arrived with skilled siege engineers He had gained fame for capturing the Catalan castle of Amposta 3 2 King Ferdinand II could not be present when the Burgos garrison surrendered as he held the siege of Zamora so important that his presence was required there 4 He left for Zamora in early December 5 The city had fallen quickly but the castle of Zamora was retained by the Portuguese As the king had left Queen Isabella was tasked with receiving the surrender of Burgos 4 The city s fortress surrendered after nine months Tunnelers had cut off the water supply and the garrison asked for surrender terms ten days later 3 on 2 December 1475 2 After a customary truce of two months the besieging force was to take control of the fortress 3 2 However commander alcaide of the garrison Juan de Stuniga 1 surrendered early on 19 January and was commended for his valor before his dismissal by Isabella This act made his father switch sides to Isabella 2 Cardinal Mendoza usually part of Queen Isabella s retinue had overseen the final negotiations and by 2 February 1476 the queen could visit the fortress 3 Aftermath editThe fall of Burgos was one of the first major victories against Joanna la Beltraneja The city of Burgos was a necessary asset for controlling the Kingdom of Castile 3 The troops tasked with besieging Burgos were sent westward to join the action in Toro and Zamora 4 Military history editThe siege of Burgos was one of the last military engagements that saw the use of trebuchets as gunpowder weaponry such as cannons became increasingly common and the siege is one of the last known references to their use 6 7 During the siege bombards were used alongside trebuchets 8 See also editHouse of Zuniga the garrison commander belonged to this noble lineage Siege of Burgos 1812 References edit a b c Peggy K Liss 20 December 2004 Isabel the Queen Life and Times University of Pennsylvania Press p 125 ISBN 978 0 8122 1897 8 a b c d e f g Peggy K Liss 10 November 2015 Isabel the Queen Life and Times University of Pennsylvania Press Incorporated pp 110 111 ISBN 978 0 8122 9320 3 a b c d e f g Giles Tremlett 9 February 2017 Isabella of Castile Europe s First Great Queen Bloomsbury Publishing pp 134 135 ISBN 978 1 4088 5396 2 a b c J Edwards 11 June 2014 Ferdinand and Isabella Routledge p 17 ISBN 978 1 317 89345 5 History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic etc R Bentley 1854 p 101 Maurice Daumas 1970 A History of Technology amp Invention The first stages of mechanization Crown Publishers p 103 Bert S Hall 1997 Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe Gunpowder Technology and Tactics Johns Hopkins University Press p 21 ISBN 978 0 8018 5531 3 Alfred W Crosby 8 April 2002 Throwing Fire Projectile Technology Through History Cambridge University Press p 87 ISBN 978 0 521 79158 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siege of Burgos 1475 amp oldid 1184453210, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
