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Shōwa (1312–1317)

May 03, 2024

This article is about the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperor Hanazono from 1312 to 1317. For the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperor Shōwa, see Shōwa era. For the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperors Junna and Ninmyō, see Jōwa (Heian period). For other uses, see Shōwa (disambiguation).

Shōwa (正和) or Medieval Showa was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year number") after Ōchō and before Bunpō. This period spanned the years from March 1312 through February 1317.[1] The reigning emperor was Hanazono-tennō (花園天皇).[2]

Shōwa
正和
March 1312 – February 1317
Tsuina mask depicting an oni, dated to 1313.
LocationJapan
Monarch(s)Emperor Hanazono
Chronology

Etymology edit

The era name is derived from the Old Book of Tang, a Classical Chinese work composed in AD 941–945. The first character is shō (正), meaning "proper, straight, true",[3] while 和 (wa) means "peace," and may also pun on Wa (倭), an ancient name for Japan.[4] The era name is pronounced like the Shōwa era of 1926–1989, but that era name is written with the character 昭 ("illustrious") for shō.[5][6]

Change of era edit

  • 1311 Shōwa gannen (正和元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Ōchō 2.

Events of the Shōwa era edit

Initially, former-Emperor Fushimi administered the court up through the time he took the tonsure as a Buddhist monk.[7]

  • 1313 (Shōwa 2, 10th month): Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk; and the power to administer the court of reigning Emperor Hanazono shifted to his adopted son, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi.[8]
  • 1314 (Shōwa 3, 11th month): Hōjō Sadaaki ended his role at Rokuhara Tandai in Kyoto; and he returned to Kamakura.[9]
  • 1315 (Shōwa 4, 7th month): Hōjō Hirotoki dies in Kamakura; and initially, Hōjō Sadaaki and Hōjō Mototoki share power.[9]
  • 1315 (Shōwa 4, 10th month): Hōjō Tokiatsu assumes the role of Rokuhara Tandai in the capital city.[9]
  • 1316 (Shōwa 5, 7th month): Hōjō Tokiatsu, who is the son of Hōjō Sadaaki, takes on the role of Shikken; and Hōjō Mototoki retires to a Buddhist monastery where he shaves his head.[9]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Shōwa" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 888, p. 888, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 278-280; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 239-243.
  3. ^ "The Stupid Way: Zazen Notes II - right posture". April 5, 2008.
  4. ^ Guo, Rongxing (May 16, 2018). Human-Earth System Dynamics: Implications to Civilizations. Springer. ISBN 9789811305474 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org.
  6. ^ "War Responsibility and Historical Memory: Hirohito's Apparition". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.
  7. ^ Varley, p. 241.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 279.
  9. ^ a b c d Titsingh, p. 280.

References edit

External links edit

  • National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Preceded by Era of Japan
Shōwa (正和)
1312–1317 		Succeeded by
 

This article about a Japanese era name is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

May 03, 2024
shōwa, 1312, 1317, this, article, about, japanese, name, used, during, reign, emperor, hanazono, from, 1312, 1317, japanese, name, used, during, reign, emperor, shōwa, shōwa, japanese, name, used, during, reign, emperors, junna, ninmyō, jōwa, heian, period, ot. This article is about the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperor Hanazono from 1312 to 1317 For the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperor Shōwa see Shōwa era For the Japanese era name used during the reign of Emperors Junna and Ninmyō see Jōwa Heian period For other uses see Shōwa disambiguation Shōwa 正和 or Medieval Showa was a Japanese era name 年号 nengō lit year number after Ōchō and before Bunpō This period spanned the years from March 1312 through February 1317 1 The reigning emperor was Hanazono tennō 花園天皇 2 Shōwa正和March 1312 February 1317Tsuina mask depicting an oni dated to 1313 LocationJapanMonarch s Emperor HanazonoChronology Ōchō Bunpō Contents 1 Etymology 2 Change of era 3 Events of the Shōwa era 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksEtymology editThe era name is derived from the Old Book of Tang a Classical Chinese work composed in AD 941 945 The first character is shō 正 meaning proper straight true 3 while 和 wa means peace and may also pun on Wa 倭 an ancient name for Japan 4 The era name is pronounced like the Shōwa era of 1926 1989 but that era name is written with the character 昭 illustrious for shō 5 6 Change of era edit1311 Shōwa gannen 正和元年 The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Ōchō 2 Events of the Shōwa era editInitially former Emperor Fushimi administered the court up through the time he took the tonsure as a Buddhist monk 7 1313 Shōwa 2 10th month Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk and the power to administer the court of reigning Emperor Hanazono shifted to his adopted son former Emperor Go Fushimi 8 1314 Shōwa 3 11th month Hōjō Sadaaki ended his role at Rokuhara Tandai in Kyoto and he returned to Kamakura 9 1315 Shōwa 4 7th month Hōjō Hirotoki dies in Kamakura and initially Hōjō Sadaaki and Hōjō Mototoki share power 9 1315 Shōwa 4 10th month Hōjō Tokiatsu assumes the role of Rokuhara Tandai in the capital city 9 1316 Shōwa 5 7th month Hōjō Tokiatsu who is the son of Hōjō Sadaaki takes on the role of Shikken and Hōjō Mototoki retires to a Buddhist monastery where he shaves his head 9 Notes edit Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2005 Shōwa in Japan Encyclopedia p 888 p 888 at Google Books n b Louis Frederic is pseudonym of Louis Frederic Nussbaum see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012 05 24 at archive today Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du Japon pp 278 280 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki pp 239 243 The Stupid Way Zazen Notes II right posture April 5 2008 Guo Rongxing May 16 2018 Human Earth System Dynamics Implications to Civilizations Springer ISBN 9789811305474 via Google Books Collections Online British Museum www britishmuseum org War Responsibility and Historical Memory Hirohito s Apparition The Asia Pacific Journal Japan Focus Varley p 241 Titsingh p 279 a b c d Titsingh p 280 References editNussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 58053128 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Odai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691 Varley H Paul 1980 A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa New York Columbia University Press ISBN 9780231049405 OCLC 6042764External links editNational Diet Library The Japanese Calendar historical overview plus illustrative images from library s collection Preceded byŌchō Era of JapanShōwa 正和 1312 1317 Succeeded byBunpō nbsp This article about a Japanese era name is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shōwa 1312 1317 amp oldid 1211132828, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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