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Shutter lag

January 05, 2024

In photography, shutter lag is the delay between triggering the shutter and when the photograph is actually recorded. This is a common problem in the photography of fast-moving objects or animals and people in motion. The term narrowly refers only to shutter effects, but more broadly refers to all lag between when the shutter button is pressed and when the photo is taken, including metering and focus lag.

Film cameras edit

In film cameras, the delay is caused by the mechanism inside the camera that opens the shutter, exposing the film. Because the process is mechanical, however, and relatively brief, shutter lag in film cameras is often only noticeable (and of any concern) to professionals. SLRs have slightly longer shutter lag than rangefinders, because of the need to lift the mirror. Point-and-shoot film cameras often have significant shutter lag.

Digital cameras edit

Shutter lag is much more of a problem with digital cameras. Here, the delay results from the charging of the charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor and relatively slow transmission of its capture data to the circuitry of the camera for processing and storage.

The comet-tail artifact that early CCD sensors suffered from was significantly reduced by the invention of the pinned photodiode (PPD).[1] It was invented by Nobukazu Teranishi, Hiromitsu Shiraki and Yasuo Ishihara at NEC in 1980.[1][2] The "pinned photodiode" is a photodetector structure used in almost all charge-coupled device (CCD) and CMOS image sensors (CIS) due to its low noise, high quantum efficiency and low dark current.[1] In 1987, the PPD began to be incorporated into most CCD devices, becoming a fixture in consumer electronic video cameras and then digital still cameras. The PPD has since been used in most CCD sensors and then CMOS sensors.[1]

Improvements in technology, such as the speed, bandwidth and power consumption of processor chips and memory, as well as CCD technology and then CMOS sensors, have made shutter lag less of a problem. While digital SLRs have achieved lag times around 50 ms by the late 2000s, some EVILs take half as long in the 2010s. That said, the lag times of some exceptional historic devices is still unsurpassed, see table below.

AE & AF lag edit

However, what many people consider shutter lag is in fact the time the camera takes to meter (set the exposure) and auto-focus, which is lag of a different cause but similar effect.

These causes of lag can be eliminated by pre-setting exposure and focus. One can either manually set exposure and focus, or use automatic exposure and autofocus, then fixing the settings so they do not change; this can often be done by holding the shutter release halfway down, or by using a separate "AE / AF lock" button (useful if taking multiple photographs that are not in a burst), and means the subsequent photographs will be taken faster. These techniques can be combined – one can manually set the exposure and then use AF lock or conversely.

Examples of various shutter lag times edit

Note that cameras offer increasingly varied choices of fully mechanical shutter, first-courtain electronic shutter (EFCS; meaning a mechanical shutter only at the end of the exposure), or fully electronic (thus silent) shutter. This is paired with either autofocus, fully manual focus, or prefocus (half-pressing the shutter button to engage autofocus and lock exposure; then holding the button half-pressed until the decisive picture-taking moment, in which the button is depressed completely). Typically, prefocus + EFCS results in the shortest shutter lag (see the following individual sources with measurements for all available modi).

This table quotes the shortest possible lag time of the respective camera. Note that variations may occur between manufacturer-claimed times and real-world measurements. In the case of follow-up versions of cameras (Mark II, -N, -s, ...), it is usually save to assume identical performance unless explicitly stated otherwise in press releases or comparisons.

Camera Type Shutter lag [ms]
Nikon Coolpix L3 Point-and-shoot (digital) 1800
Nikon Coolpix S550 Point-and-shoot (digital) 590
Panasonic DMC Lumix FS20 Point-and-shoot (digital) 480
Canon PowerShot A590 IS Point-and-shoot (digital) 350
Samsung Nx-Mini SLR (digital, APS) 164[3]
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W80 Point-and-shoot (digital) 150
Pentax MZ-50 SLR (Film) 120
Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D SLR (digital, APS-C, built-in image stabilization) 117[4]
Sony NEX-5 EVIL (APS) 115[5]
Fujifilm GFX 50S EVIL (44mm) 108[6]
Fujifilm GFX 100 EVIL (44mm) 105[7]
Fujifilm GFX 50R EVIL (44mm) 102[8]
Minolta Maxxum 9 [de] SLR (Film) 90[9]
Sigma SD1 SLR (APS) 88[10]
Leica M8 Rangefinder (Digital, APS-H) 80
Leica M9 Rangefinder (Digital, 35mm) 80
Sony A850 SLR (digital, 35mm, built-in image stabilization) 74[11]
Sony A900 SLR (digital, 35mm, built-in image stabilization) 72[12]
Minolta XD-7 SLR (Film) 60
Nikon Z7 and Z6 EVIL (35mm) 59[13] and 56[14] respectively, 69-70[15] both
Canon EOS-5D Mark IV and 5DS SLR (digital, 35mm) 57,[16][17] 61-63[15]
Canon EOS-1D X SLR (digital, 35mm) 57-58,[15] 36[18]
Nikon Df SLR (digital, 35mm) 55-57[15]
Nikon D300s SLR (digital, APS) 53
Sony Alpha SLT-A77 SLR (digital, APS, built-in image stabilization) 53[19]
Canon EOS-1D Mark II SLR (digital, APS-H) 53,[20] 40[citation needed]
Canon EOS-1D Mark IV SLR (digital, APS-H) 49
Leica SL 601 EVIL (35mm) 46[21]
Nikon D700 and 800 SLR (digital, 35mm) 44,[15] less than D500, 600, 610, 750, 810, and 850.
Nikon D3s SLR (digital, 35mm) 43
Nikon D3x SLR (digital, 35mm) 40
Nikon D5 SLR (digital, 35mm) 39,[22] 43-57[15]
Minolta XE-1 SLR (Film) 38
Nikon D2H, D2Hs, D2X SLR (digital, APS) 37[23]
Nikon F6 SLR (Film) 37
Contax RTS33 SLR (Film) 22
Sony A7 and A7 III EVIL (35mm) 21-25,[15] 23[24] [25]
Sony NEX-7, NEX-5N, a6x00 series EVIL (APS) 20-25,[15] 22[26]
Sony A7r II EVIL (35mm) 20,[27] 21-26[15] (noticeably faster than the 163 ms of Mark 1; 3 ms faster than Mark 3 and 4)
Sony A7s EVIL (35mm) 20-23[15]
Leica M3 Rangefinder (Film) 16
Leica M7 Rangefinder (Film) 12
Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-F828 Point-and-shoot (digital) 9[28] = manufacturer claim. Note that Sony claims the same 9 ms for models P93, T33 and W1; ImagingResource tested them at 11 ms[29][30][31]
Canon EOS RT SLR (Film) 8[32]
Canon EOS-1N RS SLR (Film) 6[33]


References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Fossum, Eric R.; Hondongwa, D. B. (2014). "A Review of the Pinned Photodiode for CCD and CMOS Image Sensors". IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society. 2 (3): 33–43. doi:10.1109/JEDS.2014.2306412.
  2. ^ U.S. Patent 4,484,210: Solid-state imaging device having a reduced image lag
  3. ^ "Samsung NX Mini Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  4. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Konica Minolta Dynax/Maxxum/Alpha 7D
  5. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX-5
  6. ^ "Fujifilm GFX 50S Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  7. ^ "Fujifilm GFX 100 Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  8. ^ "Fujifilm GFX 50R Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  9. ^ Josef Scheibel, Robert Scheibel: Foto-Guide Minolta Dynax 9. vfv Verlag für Foto, Film und Video, Gilching 1999, ISBN 3-88955-116-5 (176 pages, [1], retrieved at 8 January 2011).
  10. ^ "Sigma SD1 Merrill Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  11. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR-A850 (Firmware 1)
  12. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR-A900 (Firmware 1)
  13. ^ "Nikon Z7 Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  14. ^ "Nikon Z6 Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Eltima Shutter Lag Tests" (PDF). Eltima. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  16. ^ "Canon 5D Mark IV Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  17. ^ "Canon 5DS Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  18. ^ "Canon Professional Network - The EOS-1D X explained: inside Canon's flagship DSLR". Retrieved 2015-06-04.
  19. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha SLT-A77V
  20. ^ "Canon 1DX Mark II Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  21. ^ "Leica SL (Typ 601) Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  22. ^ "Nikon D5 Review - Performance". Imaging Resource. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  23. ^ "Nikon D2hs Press Release". 2005-02-16. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
  24. ^ "Sony A7 Review".
  25. ^ "Sony A7 III Review - Performance".
  26. ^ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX-5N
  27. ^ "Sony A7R II Review - Performance".
  28. ^ "Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828 Digital Camera Review: Shutter Lag & Cycle Time Tests". www.imaging-resource.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  29. ^ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony Cybershot DSC-P93 Digital Camera". www.imaging-resource.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  30. ^ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-T33 Digital Camera". www.imaging-resource.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  31. ^ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony CyberShot DSC-W1 Digital Camera". www.imaging-resource.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  32. ^ "EOS RT - Canon Camera Museum". global.canon. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  33. ^ "EOS-1N RS - Canon Camera Museum". global.canon. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

External links edit

  • Shutter lag comparison chart for digital P&S
  • Imaging Resource camera reviews often with measured shutter lag times
  • NY Times article on shutter lag
  • Photographer's Article on Shutter Lag
  • What is Zero Shutter Delay (ZSD) on your mobile camera

January 05, 2024
shutter, photography, shutter, delay, between, triggering, shutter, when, photograph, actually, recorded, this, common, problem, photography, fast, moving, objects, animals, people, motion, term, narrowly, refers, only, shutter, effects, more, broadly, refers,. In photography shutter lag is the delay between triggering the shutter and when the photograph is actually recorded This is a common problem in the photography of fast moving objects or animals and people in motion The term narrowly refers only to shutter effects but more broadly refers to all lag between when the shutter button is pressed and when the photo is taken including metering and focus lag Contents 1 Film cameras 2 Digital cameras 3 AE amp AF lag 4 Examples of various shutter lag times 5 References 6 External linksFilm cameras editIn film cameras the delay is caused by the mechanism inside the camera that opens the shutter exposing the film Because the process is mechanical however and relatively brief shutter lag in film cameras is often only noticeable and of any concern to professionals SLRs have slightly longer shutter lag than rangefinders because of the need to lift the mirror Point and shoot film cameras often have significant shutter lag Digital cameras editShutter lag is much more of a problem with digital cameras Here the delay results from the charging of the charge coupled device CCD image sensor and relatively slow transmission of its capture data to the circuitry of the camera for processing and storage The comet tail artifact that early CCD sensors suffered from was significantly reduced by the invention of the pinned photodiode PPD 1 It was invented by Nobukazu Teranishi Hiromitsu Shiraki and Yasuo Ishihara at NEC in 1980 1 2 The pinned photodiode is a photodetector structure used in almost all charge coupled device CCD and CMOS image sensors CIS due to its low noise high quantum efficiency and low dark current 1 In 1987 the PPD began to be incorporated into most CCD devices becoming a fixture in consumer electronic video cameras and then digital still cameras The PPD has since been used in most CCD sensors and then CMOS sensors 1 Improvements in technology such as the speed bandwidth and power consumption of processor chips and memory as well as CCD technology and then CMOS sensors have made shutter lag less of a problem While digital SLRs have achieved lag times around 50 ms by the late 2000s some EVILs take half as long in the 2010s That said the lag times of some exceptional historic devices is still unsurpassed see table below AE amp AF lag editHowever what many people consider shutter lag is in fact the time the camera takes to meter set the exposure and auto focus which is lag of a different cause but similar effect These causes of lag can be eliminated by pre setting exposure and focus One can either manually set exposure and focus or use automatic exposure and autofocus then fixing the settings so they do not change this can often be done by holding the shutter release halfway down or by using a separate AE AF lock button useful if taking multiple photographs that are not in a burst and means the subsequent photographs will be taken faster These techniques can be combined one can manually set the exposure and then use AF lock or conversely Examples of various shutter lag times editNote that cameras offer increasingly varied choices of fully mechanical shutter first courtain electronic shutter EFCS meaning a mechanical shutter only at the end of the exposure or fully electronic thus silent shutter This is paired with either autofocus fully manual focus or prefocus half pressing the shutter button to engage autofocus and lock exposure then holding the button half pressed until the decisive picture taking moment in which the button is depressed completely Typically prefocus EFCS results in the shortest shutter lag see the following individual sources with measurements for all available modi This table quotes the shortest possible lag time of the respective camera Note that variations may occur between manufacturer claimed times and real world measurements In the case of follow up versions of cameras Mark II N s it is usually save to assume identical performance unless explicitly stated otherwise in press releases or comparisons Camera Type Shutter lag ms Nikon Coolpix L3 Point and shoot digital 1800Nikon Coolpix S550 Point and shoot digital 590Panasonic DMC Lumix FS20 Point and shoot digital 480Canon PowerShot A590 IS Point and shoot digital 350Samsung Nx Mini SLR digital APS 164 3 Sony Cyber shot DSC W80 Point and shoot digital 150Pentax MZ 50 SLR Film 120Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D SLR digital APS C built in image stabilization 117 4 Sony NEX 5 EVIL APS 115 5 Fujifilm GFX 50S EVIL 44mm 108 6 Fujifilm GFX 100 EVIL 44mm 105 7 Fujifilm GFX 50R EVIL 44mm 102 8 Minolta Maxxum 9 de SLR Film 90 9 Sigma SD1 SLR APS 88 10 Leica M8 Rangefinder Digital APS H 80Leica M9 Rangefinder Digital 35mm 80Sony A850 SLR digital 35mm built in image stabilization 74 11 Sony A900 SLR digital 35mm built in image stabilization 72 12 Minolta XD 7 SLR Film 60Nikon Z7 and Z6 EVIL 35mm 59 13 and 56 14 respectively 69 70 15 bothCanon EOS 5D Mark IV and 5DS SLR digital 35mm 57 16 17 61 63 15 Canon EOS 1D X SLR digital 35mm 57 58 15 36 18 Nikon Df SLR digital 35mm 55 57 15 Nikon D300s SLR digital APS 53Sony Alpha SLT A77 SLR digital APS built in image stabilization 53 19 Canon EOS 1D Mark II SLR digital APS H 53 20 40 citation needed Canon EOS 1D Mark IV SLR digital APS H 49Leica SL 601 EVIL 35mm 46 21 Nikon D700 and 800 SLR digital 35mm 44 15 less than D500 600 610 750 810 and 850 Nikon D3s SLR digital 35mm 43Nikon D3x SLR digital 35mm 40Nikon D5 SLR digital 35mm 39 22 43 57 15 Minolta XE 1 SLR Film 38Nikon D2H D2Hs D2X SLR digital APS 37 23 Nikon F6 SLR Film 37Contax RTS33 SLR Film 22Sony A7 and A7 III EVIL 35mm 21 25 15 23 24 25 Sony NEX 7 NEX 5N a6x00 series EVIL APS 20 25 15 22 26 Sony A7r II EVIL 35mm 20 27 21 26 15 noticeably faster than the 163 ms of Mark 1 3 ms faster than Mark 3 and 4 Sony A7s EVIL 35mm 20 23 15 Leica M3 Rangefinder Film 16Leica M7 Rangefinder Film 12Sony Cyber Shot DSC F828 Point and shoot digital 9 28 manufacturer claim Note that Sony claims the same 9 ms for models P93 T33 and W1 ImagingResource tested them at 11 ms 29 30 31 Canon EOS RT SLR Film 8 32 Canon EOS 1N RS SLR Film 6 33 References edit a b c d Fossum Eric R Hondongwa D B 2014 A Review of the Pinned Photodiode for CCD and CMOS Image Sensors IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 2 3 33 43 doi 10 1109 JEDS 2014 2306412 U S Patent 4 484 210 Solid state imaging device having a reduced image lag Samsung NX Mini Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Imaging Resource Preview Konica Minolta Dynax Maxxum Alpha 7D Imaging Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX 5 Fujifilm GFX 50S Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Fujifilm GFX 100 Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Fujifilm GFX 50R Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Josef Scheibel Robert Scheibel Foto Guide Minolta Dynax 9 vfv Verlag fur Foto Film und Video Gilching 1999 ISBN 3 88955 116 5 176 pages 1 retrieved at 8 January 2011 Sigma SD1 Merrill Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Imaging Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR A850 Firmware 1 Imaging Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR A900 Firmware 1 Nikon Z7 Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Nikon Z6 Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 a b c d e f g h i j Eltima Shutter Lag Tests PDF Eltima Retrieved 2022 02 20 Canon 5D Mark IV Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Canon 5DS Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Canon Professional Network The EOS 1D X explained inside Canon s flagship DSLR Retrieved 2015 06 04 Imaging Resource Preview Sony Alpha SLT A77V Canon 1DX Mark II Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Leica SL Typ 601 Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Nikon D5 Review Performance Imaging Resource Retrieved 2022 02 19 Nikon D2hs Press Release 2005 02 16 Retrieved 2014 06 04 Sony A7 Review Sony A7 III Review Performance Imaging Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX 5N Sony A7R II Review Performance Sony Cyber shot DSC F828 Digital Camera Review Shutter Lag amp Cycle Time Tests www imaging resource com Retrieved 2022 02 20 Digital Cameras Picky Details of the Sony Cybershot DSC P93 Digital Camera www imaging resource com Retrieved 2022 02 20 Digital Cameras Picky Details of the Sony Cyber shot DSC T33 Digital Camera www imaging resource com Retrieved 2022 02 20 Digital Cameras Picky Details of the Sony CyberShot DSC W1 Digital Camera www imaging resource com Retrieved 2022 02 20 EOS RT Canon Camera Museum global canon Retrieved 2022 02 19 EOS 1N RS Canon Camera Museum global canon Retrieved 2022 02 19 External links editShutter lag comparison chart for digital P amp S Imaging Resource camera reviews often with measured shutter lag times NY Times article on shutter lag Photographer s Article on Shutter Lag What is Zero Shutter Delay ZSD on your mobile camera Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shutter lag amp oldid 1177269556, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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