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Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre pistol

The men's ISSF 50 meter pistol event at the 2016 Olympic Games took place on 10 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center. There were 41 competitors from 29 nations.[1] The event was won by Jin Jong-oh of South Korea, his third consecutive victory in the free pistol. He was the only man to win two gold medals in the event, much less three. Jin was also the second man to win four medals of any color in the event, after Ragnar Skanåker of Sweden from 1972 to 1992. Hoàng Xuân Vinh took silver, the first medal for Vietnam in the event. Kim Song-guk's bronze was North Korea's first medal in the free pistol since 2004 (the nation had a silver medal stripped in 2008 due to doping).

Men's 50 metre pistol
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad
Aerial view of the National Shooting Center in Deodoro, where the men's 50 metre pistol took place.
VenueNational Shooting Center
Date10 August 2016
Competitors41 from 29 nations
Winning score193.7 OR
Medalists
← 2012

Background edit

This was the 24th—and final—appearance of the ISSF 50 meter pistol event. The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1920 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held) and from 1936 to 2016; it was open to women from 1968 to 1980. 1896 and 1908 were the only Games in which the distance was not 50 metres; the former used 30 metres and the latter 50 yards.[2][1] The event, which had no women's equivalent, was dropped after 2016 to make room for a mixed team air pistol event as the sport moved toward gender equality.

Four of the eight finalists from the 2012 Games returned: two-time gold medalist (and 2004 silver medalist) Jin Jong-oh of South Korea, bronze medalist Wang Zhiwei of China, fourth-place finisher Hoàng Xuân Vinh of Vietnam, and fifth-place finisher Giuseppe Giordano of Italy. The 2014 world championship podium had been Jin Jong-oh, Jitu Rai of India, and Pang Wei of Wei; all three competed in Rio de Janeiro.

Georgia, Myanmar, and Panama each made their debut in the event. The United States made its 22nd appearance, most of any nation, having missed only the 1900 event and the boycotted 1980 Games.

Jin used a Morini CM84E.

Qualification edit

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) could enter up to two shooters if the NOC earned enough quota sports or had enough crossover-qualified shooters. To compete, a shooter needed a quota spot and to achieve a Minimum Qualification Score (MQS). Once a shooter was using a quota spot in any shooting event, they could enter any other shooting event for which they had achieved the MQS as well (a crossover qualification). There were 22 quota spots available for the free pistol: 4 at the 2014 World Championship, 8 at the 2015 World Cup events (2 spots at each of 4 events), 9 for continental events (3 for Europe, 2 each for Asia and Americas, and 1 each for Africa and Oceania), and a Tripartite Commission invitation. One place was added through the exchange system. There were 19 double-starters from other events, primarily the 10 metre air pistol event.

Competition format edit

The competition featured two rounds, qualifying and final. The 2016 competition introduced fundamental changes to the final format.

The qualifying round was the same as the previous competitions: each shooter fired 60 shots, in 6 series of 10 shots each, at a distance of 50 metres. The target was round, 50 centimetres in diameter, with 10 scoring rings. Scoring for each shot was up to 10 points, in increments of 1 point. The maximum score possible was 600 points. The top 8 shooters advanced to a final.

In prior Games, the final had been an additional series of 10 shots, with the score added to their qualifying round score to give a 70-shot total. For 2016, the final instead wiped the qualifying scores and started anew. The shooters would each fire up to 20 shots in the final. However, beginning after the 8th shot and continuing every 2 shots thereafter, the shooter with the lowest total in the final was eliminated. Thus, all 8 shooters fired 8 shots, 7 shooters fired 10 shots, 6 shooters fired 8 shots, and so on until only 2 shooters fired the 19th and 20th shots. Decimal scoring applied in the final; shots could score up to 10.9. The total maximum was therefore 818.0. Any pistol was permitted.[1]

Records edit

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

Qualifying (60 shots)
World record   Jin Jong-oh (KOR) 583 Granada, Spain 9 September 2014
Olympic record   Alexsander Melentiev (URS) 581 Moscow, Soviet Union 20 July 1980
Final (80 shots)
World record   Jin Jong-oh (KOR) 200.7 Granada, Spain 7 July 2013
Olympic record New format
-
-
-

Jin Jong-oh set the new format's initial Olympic record at 193.7; with the event discontinued, that record will never be beaten.

Schedule edit

Date Time Round
Wednesday, 10 August 2016 9:00
12:00
Qualifying
Final

Results edit

Qualifying edit

Rank Shooter Nation 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Inner 10s Notes
1 Jin Jong-oh   South Korea 95 95 91 95 94 97 567 12 Q
2 Pang Wei   China 97 91 95 94 95 93 565 11 Q
3 Han Seung-woo   South Korea 93 95 97 95 90 92 562 8 Q
4 Vladimir Gontcharov   Russia 86 92 96 96 96 91 557 13 Q
5 Kim Song-guk   North Korea 91 92 94 92 94 94 557 8 Q
6 Hoàng Xuân Vinh   Vietnam 90 93 91 92 96 94 556 11 Q
7 Pavol Kopp   Slovakia 92 93 94 91 93 93 556 8 Q
8 Wang Zhiwei   China 94 95 91 95 88 93 556 5 Q
9 Pablo Carrera   Spain 88 96 90 93 92 96 555 12
10 Will Brown   United States 92 89 94 91 94 95 555 6
11 João Costa   Portugal 93 91 94 91 96 89 554 11
12 Jitu Rai   India 92 95 90 94 95 88 554 9
13 Rashid Yunusmetov   Kazakhstan 92 94 91 93 91 92 553 8
14 Jay Shi   United States 92 91 89 95 94 92 553 7
15 Tsotne Machavariani   Georgia 92 91 95 91 93 90 552 11
16 Dimitrije Grgić   Serbia 91 94 93 90 93 91 552 8
17 Ye Tun Naung   Myanmar 90 94 90 91 94 93 552 4
18 Damir Mikec   Serbia 89 90 93 91 94 94 551 7
19 Tomoyuki Matsuda   Japan 93 91 92 89 94 91 550 12
20 Atallah Al-Anazi   Saudi Arabia 92 86 92 92 96 91 550 11
21 Oleh Omelchuk   Ukraine 92 93 88 95 90 92 550 10
22 Yusuf Dikeç   Turkey 90 92 94 91 94 89 550 10
23 Denis Koulakov   Russia 92 92 90 93 87 94 548 9
24 Kim Jong-su   North Korea 89 89 91 94 93 92 548 8
25 Prakash Nanjappa   India 85 90 91 93 95 93 547 10
26 Giuseppe Giordano   Italy 93 89 91 91 90 93 547 4
27 Jorge Grau   Cuba 89 90 92 95 89 91 546 6
28 Daniel Repacholi   Australia 90 91 92 94 89 89 545 10
29 İsmail Keleş   Turkey 89 90 90 93 90 92 544 5
30 Júlio Almeida   Brazil 88 90 91 90 90 93 542 7
31 Trần Quốc Cường   Vietnam 92 86 92 86 94 92 542 6
32 Samuil Donkov   Bulgaria 91 89 91 86 88 96 541 6
33 Juraj Tužinský   Slovakia 87 86 95 93 91 89 541 5
34 Miklós Tátrai   Hungary 89 92 92 91 90 85 539 4
35 Marko Carrillo   Peru 91 94 93 79 90 89 536 6
36 Vladimir Issachenko   Kazakhstan 88 87 92 88 93 88 536 4
37 Johnathan Wong   Malaysia 90 89 91 86 87 92 535 4
38 Samy Abdel Razek   Egypt 82 94 90 87 90 91 534 6
39 Felipe Almeida Wu   Brazil 92 88 87 88 89 89 533 3
40 David Muñoz   Panama 86 91 86 91 88 86 528 9
41 Rudolf Knijnenburg   Bolivia 89 89 85 84 87 88 522 4

Final edit

After the first 8 shots, Kim led a fairly narrowly-grouped top seven, with Pang well behind resulting in his elimination. The ninth shot was disastrous for two-time defending champion Jin, as the 6.6 dropped him to last place. He was able to recover in shot 10, however, and Kopp's 7.1 was enough to eliminate the Slovakian while Jin narrowly survived by 0.7 points. Meanwhile, Hoàng Xuân Vinh took the lead halfway through. He and Kim continued to shoot well in the next pair, creating a 4.5 and 4.4 point lead over Jin, who had moved up to third place with a pair of 10+ shots. Han created some separation at the bottom from Wang and Gontcharov, the latter of whom was eliminated at 0.2 back of the former.

The 13th and 14th shots went very well for Jin, decently for Hoàng Xuân Vinh, and less well for Kim. The Vietnamese shooter opened a 1.5 point lead over the North Korean, but the South Korean inched a point closer to 3.5 points behind the leader (and 2 points behind Kim for second). Wang was unable to close ground on Han, and was eliminated. Shots 15 and 16 for the remaining four shooters saw 5 of 8 in the 10-ring; Kim had two of the three 9s, however, and finished the pair tied with Jin in second. They were now 2.3 points behind Hoàng Xuân Vinh (who had the other 9) as Jin closed ground. Han was well behind the lead group and eliminated in this round, solidifying the medalists.

In the final elimination pair of shots, Jin again hit a pair of 10s; the other two shooters combined for four 9s. Hoàng Xuân Vinh still held the lead, but it was down to 0.2 points now. Kim fell to third place for the first time, just as that position was the elimination place. With only the two shooters left and a very close match, Jin shot 19.3 in the final pair to win, as Hoàng Xuân Vinh only achieved 16.7 (well below needed to preserve his narrow lead).

Rank Shooter Nation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Int 9 10 Int 11 12 Int 13 14 Int 15 16 Int 17 18 Int 19 20 Total Notes
  Jin Jong-oh   South Korea 9.1 8.9 10.0 9.6 9.7 10.1 10.0 8.5 75.9 6.6 9.6 92.1 10.4 10.3 112.8 9.8 10.7 133.3 10.5 10.0 153.8 10.4 10.2 174.4 10.0 9.3 193.7 OR[3]
  Hoàng Xuân Vinh   Vietnam 10.4 9.0 9.3 8.9 10.6 9.7 9.4 10.2 77.5 9.9 9.5 96.9 10.5 9.9 117.3 9.8 9.7 136.8 10.0 9.3 156.1 9.4 9.1 174.6 8.5 8.2 191.3
  Kim Song-guk   North Korea 9.7 10.2 9.9 9.3 10.9 10.3 8.7 9.4 78.4 9.3 8.9 96.6 10.6 10.0 117.2 9.7 8.4 135.3 9.0 9.5 153.8 9.2 9.8 172.8 172.8
4 Han Seung-woo   South Korea 9.4 8.4 10.0 8.1 9.9 10.1 8.7 10.3 74.9 10.5 9.0 94.4 9.8 7.9 112.1 10.4 8.1 130.6 10.2 10.2 151.0 151.0
5 Wang Zhiwei   China 10.1 10.0 9.2 9.1 9.6 10.1 10.3 8.1 76.5 8.8 10.0 95.3 7.2 8.7 111.2 9.7 8.5 129.4 129.4
6 Vladimir Gontcharov   Russia 8.1 10.3 8.1 8.4 9.8 10.2 10.3 9.3 74.5 10.0 9.5 94.0 7.8 9.2 111.0 111.0
7 Pavol Kopp   Slovakia 7.6 10.0 9.4 10.3 10.5 8.4 9.8 10.3 76.3 8.0 7.1 91.4 91.4
8 Pang Wei   China 7.3 9.7 10.4 8.6 8.0 8.3 7.2 7.7 67.2 67.2

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Free Pistol, 50 Metres, Men's". Olympedia. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Historical Results". issf-sports.org. International Shooting Sport Federation. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  3. ^ (PDF). Olympic Shooting Centre. Rio 2016. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

External links edit

  • Rio de Janeiro 2016 Official Homepage - 50m Pistol Men Results 27 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine

shooting, 2016, summer, olympics, metre, pistol, issf, meter, pistol, event, 2016, olympic, games, took, place, august, 2016, national, shooting, center, there, were, competitors, from, nations, event, jong, south, korea, third, consecutive, victory, free, pis. The men s ISSF 50 meter pistol event at the 2016 Olympic Games took place on 10 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center There were 41 competitors from 29 nations 1 The event was won by Jin Jong oh of South Korea his third consecutive victory in the free pistol He was the only man to win two gold medals in the event much less three Jin was also the second man to win four medals of any color in the event after Ragnar Skanaker of Sweden from 1972 to 1992 Hoang Xuan Vinh took silver the first medal for Vietnam in the event Kim Song guk s bronze was North Korea s first medal in the free pistol since 2004 the nation had a silver medal stripped in 2008 due to doping Men s 50 metre pistolat the Games of the XXXI OlympiadAerial view of the National Shooting Center in Deodoro where the men s 50 metre pistol took place VenueNational Shooting CenterDate10 August 2016Competitors41 from 29 nationsWinning score193 7 ORMedalistsJin Jong oh South KoreaHoang Xuan Vinh VietnamKim Song guk North Korea 2012 Contents 1 Background 2 Qualification 3 Competition format 4 Records 5 Schedule 6 Results 6 1 Qualifying 6 2 Final 7 References 8 External linksBackground editThis was the 24th and final appearance of the ISSF 50 meter pistol event The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1920 except 1904 when no shooting events were held and from 1936 to 2016 it was open to women from 1968 to 1980 1896 and 1908 were the only Games in which the distance was not 50 metres the former used 30 metres and the latter 50 yards 2 1 The event which had no women s equivalent was dropped after 2016 to make room for a mixed team air pistol event as the sport moved toward gender equality Four of the eight finalists from the 2012 Games returned two time gold medalist and 2004 silver medalist Jin Jong oh of South Korea bronze medalist Wang Zhiwei of China fourth place finisher Hoang Xuan Vinh of Vietnam and fifth place finisher Giuseppe Giordano of Italy The 2014 world championship podium had been Jin Jong oh Jitu Rai of India and Pang Wei of Wei all three competed in Rio de Janeiro Georgia Myanmar and Panama each made their debut in the event The United States made its 22nd appearance most of any nation having missed only the 1900 event and the boycotted 1980 Games Jin used a Morini CM84E Qualification editMain article Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics Qualification Each National Olympic Committee NOC could enter up to two shooters if the NOC earned enough quota sports or had enough crossover qualified shooters To compete a shooter needed a quota spot and to achieve a Minimum Qualification Score MQS Once a shooter was using a quota spot in any shooting event they could enter any other shooting event for which they had achieved the MQS as well a crossover qualification There were 22 quota spots available for the free pistol 4 at the 2014 World Championship 8 at the 2015 World Cup events 2 spots at each of 4 events 9 for continental events 3 for Europe 2 each for Asia and Americas and 1 each for Africa and Oceania and a Tripartite Commission invitation One place was added through the exchange system There were 19 double starters from other events primarily the 10 metre air pistol event Competition format editThe competition featured two rounds qualifying and final The 2016 competition introduced fundamental changes to the final format The qualifying round was the same as the previous competitions each shooter fired 60 shots in 6 series of 10 shots each at a distance of 50 metres The target was round 50 centimetres in diameter with 10 scoring rings Scoring for each shot was up to 10 points in increments of 1 point The maximum score possible was 600 points The top 8 shooters advanced to a final In prior Games the final had been an additional series of 10 shots with the score added to their qualifying round score to give a 70 shot total For 2016 the final instead wiped the qualifying scores and started anew The shooters would each fire up to 20 shots in the final However beginning after the 8th shot and continuing every 2 shots thereafter the shooter with the lowest total in the final was eliminated Thus all 8 shooters fired 8 shots 7 shooters fired 10 shots 6 shooters fired 8 shots and so on until only 2 shooters fired the 19th and 20th shots Decimal scoring applied in the final shots could score up to 10 9 The total maximum was therefore 818 0 Any pistol was permitted 1 Records editPrior to this competition the existing world and Olympic records were as follows Qualifying 60 shots World record nbsp Jin Jong oh KOR 583 Granada Spain 9 September 2014Olympic record nbsp Alexsander Melentiev URS 581 Moscow Soviet Union 20 July 1980Final 80 shots World record nbsp Jin Jong oh KOR 200 7 Granada Spain 7 July 2013Olympic record New format Jin Jong oh set the new format s initial Olympic record at 193 7 with the event discontinued that record will never be beaten Schedule editDate Time RoundWednesday 10 August 2016 9 0012 00 QualifyingFinalResults editQualifying edit Rank Shooter Nation 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Inner 10s Notes1 Jin Jong oh nbsp South Korea 95 95 91 95 94 97 567 12 Q2 Pang Wei nbsp China 97 91 95 94 95 93 565 11 Q3 Han Seung woo nbsp South Korea 93 95 97 95 90 92 562 8 Q4 Vladimir Gontcharov nbsp Russia 86 92 96 96 96 91 557 13 Q5 Kim Song guk nbsp North Korea 91 92 94 92 94 94 557 8 Q6 Hoang Xuan Vinh nbsp Vietnam 90 93 91 92 96 94 556 11 Q7 Pavol Kopp nbsp Slovakia 92 93 94 91 93 93 556 8 Q8 Wang Zhiwei nbsp China 94 95 91 95 88 93 556 5 Q9 Pablo Carrera nbsp Spain 88 96 90 93 92 96 555 1210 Will Brown nbsp United States 92 89 94 91 94 95 555 611 Joao Costa nbsp Portugal 93 91 94 91 96 89 554 1112 Jitu Rai nbsp India 92 95 90 94 95 88 554 913 Rashid Yunusmetov nbsp Kazakhstan 92 94 91 93 91 92 553 814 Jay Shi nbsp United States 92 91 89 95 94 92 553 715 Tsotne Machavariani nbsp Georgia 92 91 95 91 93 90 552 1116 Dimitrije Grgic nbsp Serbia 91 94 93 90 93 91 552 817 Ye Tun Naung nbsp Myanmar 90 94 90 91 94 93 552 418 Damir Mikec nbsp Serbia 89 90 93 91 94 94 551 719 Tomoyuki Matsuda nbsp Japan 93 91 92 89 94 91 550 1220 Atallah Al Anazi nbsp Saudi Arabia 92 86 92 92 96 91 550 1121 Oleh Omelchuk nbsp Ukraine 92 93 88 95 90 92 550 1022 Yusuf Dikec nbsp Turkey 90 92 94 91 94 89 550 1023 Denis Koulakov nbsp Russia 92 92 90 93 87 94 548 924 Kim Jong su nbsp North Korea 89 89 91 94 93 92 548 825 Prakash Nanjappa nbsp India 85 90 91 93 95 93 547 1026 Giuseppe Giordano nbsp Italy 93 89 91 91 90 93 547 427 Jorge Grau nbsp Cuba 89 90 92 95 89 91 546 628 Daniel Repacholi nbsp Australia 90 91 92 94 89 89 545 1029 Ismail Keles nbsp Turkey 89 90 90 93 90 92 544 530 Julio Almeida nbsp Brazil 88 90 91 90 90 93 542 731 Trần Quốc Cường nbsp Vietnam 92 86 92 86 94 92 542 632 Samuil Donkov nbsp Bulgaria 91 89 91 86 88 96 541 633 Juraj Tuzinsky nbsp Slovakia 87 86 95 93 91 89 541 534 Miklos Tatrai nbsp Hungary 89 92 92 91 90 85 539 435 Marko Carrillo nbsp Peru 91 94 93 79 90 89 536 636 Vladimir Issachenko nbsp Kazakhstan 88 87 92 88 93 88 536 437 Johnathan Wong nbsp Malaysia 90 89 91 86 87 92 535 438 Samy Abdel Razek nbsp Egypt 82 94 90 87 90 91 534 639 Felipe Almeida Wu nbsp Brazil 92 88 87 88 89 89 533 340 David Munoz nbsp Panama 86 91 86 91 88 86 528 941 Rudolf Knijnenburg nbsp Bolivia 89 89 85 84 87 88 522 4Final edit After the first 8 shots Kim led a fairly narrowly grouped top seven with Pang well behind resulting in his elimination The ninth shot was disastrous for two time defending champion Jin as the 6 6 dropped him to last place He was able to recover in shot 10 however and Kopp s 7 1 was enough to eliminate the Slovakian while Jin narrowly survived by 0 7 points Meanwhile Hoang Xuan Vinh took the lead halfway through He and Kim continued to shoot well in the next pair creating a 4 5 and 4 4 point lead over Jin who had moved up to third place with a pair of 10 shots Han created some separation at the bottom from Wang and Gontcharov the latter of whom was eliminated at 0 2 back of the former The 13th and 14th shots went very well for Jin decently for Hoang Xuan Vinh and less well for Kim The Vietnamese shooter opened a 1 5 point lead over the North Korean but the South Korean inched a point closer to 3 5 points behind the leader and 2 points behind Kim for second Wang was unable to close ground on Han and was eliminated Shots 15 and 16 for the remaining four shooters saw 5 of 8 in the 10 ring Kim had two of the three 9s however and finished the pair tied with Jin in second They were now 2 3 points behind Hoang Xuan Vinh who had the other 9 as Jin closed ground Han was well behind the lead group and eliminated in this round solidifying the medalists In the final elimination pair of shots Jin again hit a pair of 10s the other two shooters combined for four 9s Hoang Xuan Vinh still held the lead but it was down to 0 2 points now Kim fell to third place for the first time just as that position was the elimination place With only the two shooters left and a very close match Jin shot 19 3 in the final pair to win as Hoang Xuan Vinh only achieved 16 7 well below needed to preserve his narrow lead Rank Shooter Nation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Int 9 10 Int 11 12 Int 13 14 Int 15 16 Int 17 18 Int 19 20 Total Notes nbsp Jin Jong oh nbsp South Korea 9 1 8 9 10 0 9 6 9 7 10 1 10 0 8 5 75 9 6 6 9 6 92 1 10 4 10 3 112 8 9 8 10 7 133 3 10 5 10 0 153 8 10 4 10 2 174 4 10 0 9 3 193 7 OR 3 nbsp Hoang Xuan Vinh nbsp Vietnam 10 4 9 0 9 3 8 9 10 6 9 7 9 4 10 2 77 5 9 9 9 5 96 9 10 5 9 9 117 3 9 8 9 7 136 8 10 0 9 3 156 1 9 4 9 1 174 6 8 5 8 2 191 3 nbsp Kim Song guk nbsp North Korea 9 7 10 2 9 9 9 3 10 9 10 3 8 7 9 4 78 4 9 3 8 9 96 6 10 6 10 0 117 2 9 7 8 4 135 3 9 0 9 5 153 8 9 2 9 8 172 8 172 84 Han Seung woo nbsp South Korea 9 4 8 4 10 0 8 1 9 9 10 1 8 7 10 3 74 9 10 5 9 0 94 4 9 8 7 9 112 1 10 4 8 1 130 6 10 2 10 2 151 0 151 05 Wang Zhiwei nbsp China 10 1 10 0 9 2 9 1 9 6 10 1 10 3 8 1 76 5 8 8 10 0 95 3 7 2 8 7 111 2 9 7 8 5 129 4 129 46 Vladimir Gontcharov nbsp Russia 8 1 10 3 8 1 8 4 9 8 10 2 10 3 9 3 74 5 10 0 9 5 94 0 7 8 9 2 111 0 111 07 Pavol Kopp nbsp Slovakia 7 6 10 0 9 4 10 3 10 5 8 4 9 8 10 3 76 3 8 0 7 1 91 4 91 48 Pang Wei nbsp China 7 3 9 7 10 4 8 6 8 0 8 3 7 2 7 7 67 2 67 2References edit a b c Free Pistol 50 Metres Men s Olympedia Retrieved 16 December 2020 Historical Results issf sports org International Shooting Sport Federation Retrieved 15 December 2020 Results 50m Pistol Men PDF Olympic Shooting Centre Rio 2016 10 August 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 11 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 External links editRio de Janeiro 2016 Official Homepage 50m Pistol Men Results Archived 27 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics Men 27s 50 metre pistol amp oldid 1107414499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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