Shmuel Hayyim (HE: שמואל חיים) (born 1891 - died 1931), also known as Shmuel Eshagh Effendi or Monsieur Hayyim, was a Persian Jewish journalist, leader of the Iranian Jewish community, a Zionist, and a member of the Majlis (Iranian Parliament).
Shmuel Hayyim.First page of Ha-Hayyim newspaper which was published between 1922 and 1925.
Biographyedit
Hayyim was born in Kermanshah. He studied in the Alliance Israelite Universelle schools in Kermanshah and learned foreign languages. He was employed in the customs from 1914 and made good connections with the British embassy in Iran. He came to Tehran in 1920 and started working as a Journalist. He decided to start publishing a newspaper for the Iranian Jews called Ha-Hayyim. This newspaper was published between 1922 and 1925. Most of the newspaper was in Persian, but there were some Hebrew articles as well.
Hayyim used the political power of his newspaper to encourage Jewish Iranians to fight politically. He wrote inflammatory articles criticizing the Iranian government for not giving Jews enough protection and not abolishing religious laws against Jews. Hayyim contacted the League of Nations and asked for help for Iranian Jewry. He also used the newspaper to spread Zionism among Iranian Jews. These actions made many enemies for him inside and outside the government.
He became a candidate for Iranian parliament in 1923 and won with a landslide victory. However, Reza Khan did not like his political ambitions and he was arrested before the sixth parliament elections. His arrest led to his losing the election to Ayoub Loghman Nehourai. Subsequently, he was falsely charged with conspiracy to murder the Shah and attempting to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic - charges that were never substantiated, and later proven to have been instigated by his political rivals. He was tried in a military tribunal and condemned to death. He was held in prison for six years, and abruptly executed by firing squad in 1931.[1][2]
Referencesedit
^Religious Minorities in Iran, Eliz Sanasarian, Cambridge University Press, 2000, Page 180.
^Great Britain and Reza Shah, Mohammad Gholi Majd, University Press of Florida, 2001, Page 168.
Further readingedit
Rahimiyan, Orly R. (2010). "Haïm, Shemu'el". In Norman A. Stillman (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill Online.
January 01, 1970
shmuel, hayyim, שמואל, חיים, born, 1891, died, 1931, also, known, shmuel, eshagh, effendi, monsieur, hayyim, persian, jewish, journalist, leader, iranian, jewish, community, zionist, member, majlis, iranian, parliament, first, page, hayyim, newspaper, which, p. Shmuel Hayyim HE שמואל חיים born 1891 died 1931 also known as Shmuel Eshagh Effendi or Monsieur Hayyim was a Persian Jewish journalist leader of the Iranian Jewish community a Zionist and a member of the Majlis Iranian Parliament Shmuel Hayyim First page of Ha Hayyim newspaper which was published between 1922 and 1925 Biography editHayyim was born in Kermanshah He studied in the Alliance Israelite Universelle schools in Kermanshah and learned foreign languages He was employed in the customs from 1914 and made good connections with the British embassy in Iran He came to Tehran in 1920 and started working as a Journalist He decided to start publishing a newspaper for the Iranian Jews called Ha Hayyim This newspaper was published between 1922 and 1925 Most of the newspaper was in Persian but there were some Hebrew articles as well Hayyim used the political power of his newspaper to encourage Jewish Iranians to fight politically He wrote inflammatory articles criticizing the Iranian government for not giving Jews enough protection and not abolishing religious laws against Jews Hayyim contacted the League of Nations and asked for help for Iranian Jewry He also used the newspaper to spread Zionism among Iranian Jews These actions made many enemies for him inside and outside the government He became a candidate for Iranian parliament in 1923 and won with a landslide victory However Reza Khan did not like his political ambitions and he was arrested before the sixth parliament elections His arrest led to his losing the election to Ayoub Loghman Nehourai Subsequently he was falsely charged with conspiracy to murder the Shah and attempting to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic charges that were never substantiated and later proven to have been instigated by his political rivals He was tried in a military tribunal and condemned to death He was held in prison for six years and abruptly executed by firing squad in 1931 1 2 References edit Religious Minorities in Iran Eliz Sanasarian Cambridge University Press 2000 Page 180 Great Britain and Reza Shah Mohammad Gholi Majd University Press of Florida 2001 Page 168 Further reading editRahimiyan Orly R 2010 Haim Shemu el In Norman A Stillman ed Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Brill Online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shmuel Hayyim amp oldid 1217484612, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
