Solomon ben Judah Aaron Kluger (1785–June 9, 1869) (Hebrew: שלמה בן יהודה אהרן קלוגר), known as the Maggid of Brody, was chief dayyan and preacher of Brody, Galicia. He was successively Rabbi at Rava-Ruska (Galicia), Kulikow (Galicia), and Józefów (Lublin), preacher at Brody, and Rabbi at Brezany (Galicia) and, again, at Brody (where he held the offices of Dayan and preacher for more than fifty years). He died at Brody on June 9, 1869.[1]
As one of the leading rabbinic authorities of his day, Kluger issued rulings on many complex halachic questions. One of his most notable decisions was that not only did machine made matzo not meet the halachic requirements necessary to properly fulfill the requirement of eating matzo on Pesach, but that it very possibly had the status of leavened bread, consumption of which is strictly prohibited on Pesach.[2][3] Rabbi Yosef Shaul Nathanson published a strongly worded rebuttal to the points Kluger had raised, and argued that on the contrary, machine made matzo was superior in all respects to the hand made version.[3] The issue evolved into a significant controversy, many points of which are still debated today.[4][5] Kluger, in the course of his research into the subject, came to the conclusion that he had received a somewhat inaccurate description of the technical operational details of the machines, and modified his position accordingly.
Kluger was well known for his fierce opposition to the haskalah movement, and his firm adherence to tradition. In his responsa, Kluger discusses an incident where a group gathered to study the controversial works of Moses Mendelssohn. A quarrel erupted, and Mendelssohn's books were seized and burnt. Kluger wrote that while the burning of the books was probably not the appropriate course of action, they were certainly correct to be enraged and to protest the study of Mendelssohn's work. Kluger explained that he saw fit to condemn Mendelssohn and his works for several reasons. Among his arguments, he wrote
...and furthermore, go out and see what his students, and all those who study his books, are - they are all complete evildoers... And his books are not studied except by the most worthless people, who violate the whole Torah... And every person who fears heaven flees from him like from a snake or scorpion.
During his long life Rabbi Kluger wrote a great number of works—one hundred and sixty volumes. He wrote on all the branches of rabbinical literature as well as on Biblical and Talmudic exegesis.[1] Many of these writings remain in manuscript form. Among his published works are:
Sefer Ha-Chayim (Zolkiev, 1825), novellæ on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim (some of his novellæ on the section "Even Ha-Ezer" were published later under the title "Chochmas Shlomo"; novellae on the other parts of the Shulchan Aruch have not been published)
Mei Niddah (ib. 1834), halachic and haggadic novellæ on Gemara Niddah
Evel Yachid (Warsaw, 1836), funeral oration on Rabbi Menachem Manis Mordechai Teomim
Nidrei Zerizin (Zolkiev, 1839), novellæ on Gemara Nedarim
Evel Mosheh (with Eyn Dim'ah, part 2; Warsaw, 1843), funeral orations on Rabbi Moshe Schreiber (Sofer) and Rabbi Yaakov Orenstein (author of the Yeshuos Yaakov) (available as a free download from HebrewBooks.org)
Shenos Chayim (Lemberg, 1855; the first part contains responsa on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim; the second, responsa and novellæ for scribes)
Sefer Stam (ib. 1856), laws for scribes
Modo'ah Le-Beis Yisrael (Breslau, 1859), responsa, chiefly of other Rabbis, concerning matzot made by machine
Tuv Ta'am Ve-Da'as (Lemberg, 1860; the first part contains the laws of tereifah; the second, entitled Kin'as Soferim, contains laws for scribes and various laws of the Yoreh De'ah)
Chiddushei Anshei Shem (Leipzig, 1860), novellæ on Shulchan Aruch, Even Ha-Ezer
Ma'aseh Yedei Yozer (Lemberg, 1863), commentary on the Pesach Haggadah
Sefer Avodas Avodah (Zolkiev, 1865), novellæ on Avodah Zarah
^ abc One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Kluger, Solomon ben Judah Aaron". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved Dec 7, 2016. Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
Ha-Maggid, xiii., No. 25;
E. Kohn, Ḳin'at Soferim, pp. 108a-109b, Lemberg, 1892;
^Kluger, Shlomo. האלף לך שלמה, סימן לב [Haelef Lecha Shlomo, siman 32].
^ abמודעה לבית ישראל וביטול מודעה [Modaah Lebais Yisroel Ubitul Modaah] (in Hebrew).
^"Fresh Out of the Old Oven". mishpacha.com. The introduction in the mid-19th century of machines to assist in the making of matzah had tremendous halachic repercussions and engendered a veritable halachic war at the time... A hundred fifty years later, remnants of this fight continue until today, with some people — particularly Yerushalmim and some Briskers — eating only machine matzah, while others, especially chassidim, will not even let machine matzah into their homes during Pesach
^Senter, Ari. "The Marvelous Matzo Machine: Machine matzo for matzas mitzvah: A reasonable option or a square peg in a round hole…?" (PDF). kof-k.org. pp. 5–11.
^Kluger, Shlomo. האלף לך שלמה, יורה דעה סימן רנז [Responsa Haelef Lecha Shlomo, Yoreh Deah siman 257] (in Hebrew).
External linksEdit
English translation of some of his books
Teshuva about using matzos produced by machine
October 17, 2023
shlomo, kluger, solomon, judah, aaron, kluger, 1785, june, 1869, hebrew, שלמה, בן, יהודה, אהרן, קלוגר, known, maggid, brody, chief, dayyan, preacher, brody, galicia, successively, rabbi, rava, ruska, galicia, kulikow, galicia, józefów, lublin, preacher, brody,. Solomon ben Judah Aaron Kluger 1785 June 9 1869 Hebrew שלמה בן יהודה אהרן קלוגר known as the Maggid of Brody was chief dayyan and preacher of Brody Galicia He was successively Rabbi at Rava Ruska Galicia Kulikow Galicia and Jozefow Lublin preacher at Brody and Rabbi at Brezany Galicia and again at Brody where he held the offices of Dayan and preacher for more than fifty years He died at Brody on June 9 1869 1 Contents 1 Biography 2 Rabbinic career 3 Published works 4 Students 5 References 6 External linksBiography EditShlomo Kluger was born in Komarow in what is now Chervonohrad Raion Ukraine Rabbinic career EditAs one of the leading rabbinic authorities of his day Kluger issued rulings on many complex halachic questions One of his most notable decisions was that not only did machine made matzo not meet the halachic requirements necessary to properly fulfill the requirement of eating matzo on Pesach but that it very possibly had the status of leavened bread consumption of which is strictly prohibited on Pesach 2 3 Rabbi Yosef Shaul Nathanson published a strongly worded rebuttal to the points Kluger had raised and argued that on the contrary machine made matzo was superior in all respects to the hand made version 3 The issue evolved into a significant controversy many points of which are still debated today 4 5 Kluger in the course of his research into the subject came to the conclusion that he had received a somewhat inaccurate description of the technical operational details of the machines and modified his position accordingly Kluger was well known for his fierce opposition to the haskalah movement and his firm adherence to tradition In his responsa Kluger discusses an incident where a group gathered to study the controversial works of Moses Mendelssohn A quarrel erupted and Mendelssohn s books were seized and burnt Kluger wrote that while the burning of the books was probably not the appropriate course of action they were certainly correct to be enraged and to protest the study of Mendelssohn s work Kluger explained that he saw fit to condemn Mendelssohn and his works for several reasons Among his arguments he wrote and furthermore go out and see what his students and all those who study his books are they are all complete evildoers And his books are not studied except by the most worthless people who violate the whole Torah And every person who fears heaven flees from him like from a snake or scorpion 6 Published works EditDuring his long life Rabbi Kluger wrote a great number of works one hundred and sixty volumes He wrote on all the branches of rabbinical literature as well as on Biblical and Talmudic exegesis 1 Many of these writings remain in manuscript form Among his published works are Sefer Ha Chayim Zolkiev 1825 novellae on Shulchan Aruch Orach Chayim some of his novellae on the section Even Ha Ezer were published later under the title Chochmas Shlomo novellae on the other parts of the Shulchan Aruch have not been published Mei Niddah ib 1834 halachic and haggadic novellae on Gemara Niddah Eyn Dim ah part 1 ib 1834 funeral sermon on the death of Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margalios Evel Yachid Warsaw 1836 funeral oration on Rabbi Menachem Manis Mordechai Teomim Nidrei Zerizin Zolkiev 1839 novellae on Gemara Nedarim Evel Mosheh with Eyn Dim ah part 2 Warsaw 1843 funeral orations on Rabbi Moshe Schreiber Sofer and Rabbi Yaakov Orenstein author of the Yeshuos Yaakov available as a free download from HebrewBooks org Shenos Chayim Lemberg 1855 the first part contains responsa on Shulchan Aruch Orach Chayim the second responsa and novellae for scribes Sefer Stam ib 1856 laws for scribes Modo ah Le Beis Yisrael Breslau 1859 responsa chiefly of other Rabbis concerning matzot made by machine Tuv Ta am Ve Da as Lemberg 1860 the first part contains the laws of tereifah the second entitled Kin as Soferim contains laws for scribes and various laws of the Yoreh De ah Chiddushei Anshei Shem Leipzig 1860 novellae on Shulchan Aruch Even Ha Ezer Ma aseh Yedei Yozer Lemberg 1863 commentary on the Pesach Haggadah Sefer Avodas Avodah Zolkiev 1865 novellae on Avodah Zarah Rabbi Kluger s takkanos concerning slaughtering are printed in Rabbi Ganzfried s Toras Zevach Lemberg 1848 and two of his responsa in Rabbi David Solomon Eybeschutz s Ne os Deshe ib 1861 1 Students EditYosef Dov Soloveitchik Beis Halevi David Meir FrischReferences Edit a b c nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Singer Isidore et al eds 1901 1906 Kluger Solomon ben Judah Aaron The Jewish Encyclopedia New York Funk amp Wagnalls Retrieved Dec 7 2016 Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Ha Maggid xiii No 25 E Kohn Ḳin at Soferim pp 108a 109b Lemberg 1892 Strelisker in Ha Maggid xiii No 29 Samuel van Straalen Cat Hebr Books Brit Mus p 125 Joseph Zedner Cat Hebr Books Brit Mus pp 414 415 Judah Aaron Kluger Toledot Shelomoh Lemberg 1898 Kluger Shlomo האלף לך שלמה סימן לב Haelef Lecha Shlomo siman 32 a b מודעה לבית ישראל וביטול מודעה Modaah Lebais Yisroel Ubitul Modaah in Hebrew Fresh Out of the Old Oven mishpacha com The introduction in the mid 19th century of machines to assist in the making of matzah had tremendous halachic repercussions and engendered a veritable halachic war at the time A hundred fifty years later remnants of this fight continue until today with some people particularly Yerushalmim and some Briskers eating only machine matzah while others especially chassidim will not even let machine matzah into their homes during Pesach Senter Ari The Marvelous Matzo Machine Machine matzo for matzas mitzvah A reasonable option or a square peg in a round hole PDF kof k org pp 5 11 Kluger Shlomo האלף לך שלמה יורה דעה סימן רנז Responsa Haelef Lecha Shlomo Yoreh Deah siman 257 in Hebrew External links EditEnglish translation of some of his books Teshuva about using matzos produced by machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shlomo Kluger amp oldid 1171268129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
