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Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the ninth national park in Nepal and was established in 2002. It is located in the country's mid-hills on the northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley and named after Shivapuri Peak at 2,732 m (8,963 ft) altitude. It covers an area of 159 km2 (61 sq mi) in the districts of Kathmandu, Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk, adjoining 23 Village Development Committees.[1] In the west, the protected area extends to the Dhading District.[2]

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
View of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park from Sundarijal
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
LocationNepal
Nearest cityKathmandu
Coordinates27°47′42″N 85°23′24″E / 27.79500°N 85.39000°E / 27.79500; 85.39000
Area159 km2 (61 sq mi)
Established2002
Governing bodyDepartment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (Nepal)

History edit

The area has always been an important water catchment area, supplying the Kathmandu Valley with several hundred thousand cubic liter of water daily. In 1976, the area was established as a protected watershed and wildlife reserve. In 2002, it was gazetted as Shivapuri National Park, initially covering 144 km2 (56 sq mi).[1] It was extended by the Nagarjun Forest Reserve covering 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) in 2009.[2]

The park includes some historical and religious sites, and a popular hiking route for local people and tourists.[3]

Climate edit

The park is located in a transition zone between subtropical and temperate climates. The annual precipitation of about 1,400 mm (55 in) falls mostly from May to September, with 80% during the monsoon. Temperatures vary from 2–17 °C (36–63 °F) during the winter season, rising to 19–30 °C (66–86 °F) during the summer season.

Vegetation edit

 
Persian silk tree occurs in the park

The typical vegetation of the park is middle hill forest from 1,000 to 1,800 m (3,300 to 5,900 ft) of altitude, consisting of:

In higher elevations, a variety of medicinal herbs prosper.[4] Botanists have recorded 129 species of mushrooms and 2,122 floral species, out of which 449 are vascular and 16 are endemic plants.[1][6]

Fauna edit

 
Birds in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
 
Himalayan black bear cub

Since 2002 several surveys have been carried out to determine the faunal diversity of the protected area. In a field study carried out from July 2003 to July 2004, Indian leopard, jungle cat, large Indian civet, golden jackal, Himalayan black bear, yellow-throated marten, small Indian mongoose, Himalayan goral, Indian muntjac, wild boar, rhesus monkey, Hanuman langur, Chinese pangolin, Indian crested porcupine, Royle's pika, Indian hare, orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel, fawn-colored mouse, Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew and black rat were identified.[7] Clouded leopard, leopard cat, masked palm civet, crab-eating mongoose, Indian pangolin, rhesus macaque and yellow-throated marten, were photographed by camera traps in 2010.[2]

In the western part of the park, herpetologists encountered monocled cobra, Himalayan keelback, olive Oriental slender snake, yellow-bellied worm-eating snake, variegated mountain lizard, Oriental garden lizard, many-keeled grass skink, Sikkim skink, black-spined toad, long-legged cricket frog and horned frog in the summer of 2009.[8]

Ornithologists recorded 318 species of birds including Eurasian eagle-owl, slender-billed scimitar-babbler, white-gorgeted flycatcher, barred cuckoo-dove and golden-throated barbet.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B.; Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites (PDF). Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5.
  2. ^ a b c Pandey, B. P. (2010). A report on presence absence survey of clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal (Report). Submitted to Government of Nepal.
  3. ^ Kunwar, K. J. (2008). "Payment for Environmental Services in Nepal (A Case Study of Shivapuri National Park, Kathmandu, Nepal)". The Initiation. 63: 63–72.
  4. ^ a b Majupuria, T.C., Kumar, R. (1998). Wildlife, National Parks and Reserves of Nepal. S. Devi, Saharanpur and Tecpress Books, Bangkok. ISBN 974-89833-5-8. Pages 200–204.
  5. ^ Sigdel, S.R. (2009). Altitudinally coordinated pattern of plant community structure in the Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. Banko Janakari 18 (1): 11–17.
  6. ^ Maskey, N. (2008). Investing in Ecosystem Services: Opportunities and Challenges for Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, Sweden
  7. ^ Shrestha, B. & Basnet K. (2005). "Indirect methods of identifying mammals: a case study from Shivapuri National Park, Nepal". Ecoprint. 12: 43–58. doi:10.3126/eco.v12i0.3196.
  8. ^ Aryal, P. C., Pokhrel, G. K., Shah, K. B., Rijal, B., Kharel, S. C., Paudel, E., Suwal, M. K., Dhamala, M. K., Bhurtel, B. P. (2010). Inventory of Herpetofaunal Diversity In Nagarjun Forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park. Companions for Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  9. ^ Bird Conservation Nepal (2006). Birds of Shivapuri. Checklist of 318 reported species. Published in cooperation with Shivapuri National Park, Kathmandu.

Further reading edit

  • Bird Conservation Nepal (2006). Birds of Shivapuri. Checklist of 318 reported species. Published in cooperation with Shivapuri National Park, Kathmandu.

External links edit

  • Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal : Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
  • BirdLife IBA factsheet about Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

shivapuri, nagarjun, national, park, ninth, national, park, nepal, established, 2002, located, country, hills, northern, fringe, kathmandu, valley, named, after, shivapuri, peak, altitude, covers, area, districts, kathmandu, nuwakot, sindhupalchowk, adjoining,. Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the ninth national park in Nepal and was established in 2002 It is located in the country s mid hills on the northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley and named after Shivapuri Peak at 2 732 m 8 963 ft altitude It covers an area of 159 km2 61 sq mi in the districts of Kathmandu Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk adjoining 23 Village Development Committees 1 In the west the protected area extends to the Dhading District 2 Shivapuri Nagarjun National ParkIUCN category II national park View of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park from SundarijalShivapuri Nagarjun National ParkLocationNepalNearest cityKathmanduCoordinates27 47 42 N 85 23 24 E 27 79500 N 85 39000 E 27 79500 85 39000Area159 km2 61 sq mi Established2002Governing bodyDepartment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Nepal Contents 1 History 2 Climate 3 Vegetation 4 Fauna 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory editThe area has always been an important water catchment area supplying the Kathmandu Valley with several hundred thousand cubic liter of water daily In 1976 the area was established as a protected watershed and wildlife reserve In 2002 it was gazetted as Shivapuri National Park initially covering 144 km2 56 sq mi 1 It was extended by the Nagarjun Forest Reserve covering 15 km2 5 8 sq mi in 2009 2 The park includes some historical and religious sites and a popular hiking route for local people and tourists 3 Climate editThe park is located in a transition zone between subtropical and temperate climates The annual precipitation of about 1 400 mm 55 in falls mostly from May to September with 80 during the monsoon Temperatures vary from 2 17 C 36 63 F during the winter season rising to 19 30 C 66 86 F during the summer season Vegetation edit nbsp Persian silk tree occurs in the park The typical vegetation of the park is middle hill forest from 1 000 to 1 800 m 3 300 to 5 900 ft of altitude consisting of Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests in the lower and upper subtropical bioclimatic zone dominated by Schima Castanopsis associations with chir pine stands on southern dry ridges and associations of alder wild Himalayan cherry Engelhardia and ring cupped oak along streams Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests in the lower temperate bioclimatic zone with predominantly broadleaf evergreen species of oak and laurel families mixed with rhododendron on northern slopes 4 5 In higher elevations a variety of medicinal herbs prosper 4 Botanists have recorded 129 species of mushrooms and 2 122 floral species out of which 449 are vascular and 16 are endemic plants 1 6 Fauna edit nbsp Birds in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park nbsp Himalayan black bear cub Since 2002 several surveys have been carried out to determine the faunal diversity of the protected area In a field study carried out from July 2003 to July 2004 Indian leopard jungle cat large Indian civet golden jackal Himalayan black bear yellow throated marten small Indian mongoose Himalayan goral Indian muntjac wild boar rhesus monkey Hanuman langur Chinese pangolin Indian crested porcupine Royle s pika Indian hare orange bellied Himalayan squirrel fawn colored mouse Hodgsons s brown toothed shrew and black rat were identified 7 Clouded leopard leopard cat masked palm civet crab eating mongoose Indian pangolin rhesus macaque and yellow throated marten were photographed by camera traps in 2010 2 In the western part of the park herpetologists encountered monocled cobra Himalayan keelback olive Oriental slender snake yellow bellied worm eating snake variegated mountain lizard Oriental garden lizard many keeled grass skink Sikkim skink black spined toad long legged cricket frog and horned frog in the summer of 2009 8 Ornithologists recorded 318 species of birds including Eurasian eagle owl slender billed scimitar babbler white gorgeted flycatcher barred cuckoo dove and golden throated barbet 9 References edit a b c Bhuju U R Shakya P R Basnet T B Shrestha S 2007 Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book Protected Areas Ramsar Sites and World Heritage Sites PDF Kathmandu International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Ministry of Environment Science and Technology in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific ISBN 978 92 9115 033 5 a b c Pandey B P 2010 A report on presence absence survey of clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park Nepal Report Submitted to Government of Nepal Kunwar K J 2008 Payment for Environmental Services in Nepal A Case Study of Shivapuri National Park Kathmandu Nepal The Initiation 63 63 72 a b Majupuria T C Kumar R 1998 Wildlife National Parks and Reserves of Nepal S Devi Saharanpur and Tecpress Books Bangkok ISBN 974 89833 5 8 Pages 200 204 Sigdel S R 2009 Altitudinally coordinated pattern of plant community structure in the Shivapuri National Park Nepal Banko Janakari 18 1 11 17 Maskey N 2008 Investing in Ecosystem Services Opportunities and Challenges for Shivapuri National Park Nepal Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Sweden Shrestha B amp Basnet K 2005 Indirect methods of identifying mammals a case study from Shivapuri National Park Nepal Ecoprint 12 43 58 doi 10 3126 eco v12i0 3196 Aryal P C Pokhrel G K Shah K B Rijal B Kharel S C Paudel E Suwal M K Dhamala M K Bhurtel B P 2010 Inventory of Herpetofaunal Diversity In Nagarjun Forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park Companions for Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal Kathmandu Nepal Bird Conservation Nepal 2006 Birds of Shivapuri Checklist of 318 reported species Published in cooperation with Shivapuri National Park Kathmandu Further reading editBird Conservation Nepal 2006 Birds of Shivapuri Checklist of 318 reported species Published in cooperation with Shivapuri National Park Kathmandu External links editDepartment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Nepal Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park BirdLife IBA factsheet about Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park amp oldid 1200942413, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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