The Shilluk (Shilluk: Chollo) are a major LuoNilotic ethnic group of Southern Sudan, living on both banks of the river Nile, in the city of Malakal. Before the Second Sudanese Civil War the Shilluk also lived in a number of settlements on the northern bank of the Sobat River, close to where the Sobat joins the Nile.
Shilluk
Cøllø
Two Shilluk men, photographed 1936 near Malakal, South Sudan
Photo of Shilluk "material culture" from the late 1870s
More Shilluk "material culture"
The Shilluk are closely related to the Anuak people, also members of the Luo Nilotic. The Shilluk language shares many words with dha anywaa or Anuak language. Historically, the Shilluk were led by a king Reth who is considered to be from the divine lineage of the culture heroNyikang, and whose health is believed to affect that of the nation. Formerly, their society was fairly hierarchical, with castes of royals, nobles, commoners, and slaves. Like most Nilotic groups, cattle-raising formed a large part of their economy; however, agriculture and fishing were more significant than usual, and most were sedentary. The Shilluk people created the Shilluk Kingdom which existed in southern Sudan from 1454 to the present.
Physique
The Shilluk, along with the Dinka, have been described as some of the tallest people in the world. Dinka Ruweng males investigated by D. F. Roberts in 1953–54 were on average 181.3 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in) tall, and Shilluk males averaged 182.6 cm (6 ft 0 in).[1] Generally, the Nilotic people are characterized as having long legs, narrow bodies and short trunks, an adaptation to the hot climate of South Sudan.[2]
However, male Shilluk refugees measured in 1995 in southwestern Ethiopia were on average only 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall. As the study points out, Nilotic people "may attain greater height if privileged with favorable environmental conditions during early childhood and adolescence, allowing full expression of the genetic material."[3] Before fleeing, these refugees were subject to privation as a consequence of the succession of civil wars in their country from 1955 to the present.
Most Shilluk have converted to Christianity, while some still follow the traditional religion or a mixture of the two; a few have converted to Islam. The Shilluk pride themselves in being one of the first Nilotic groups to accept Christianity, the other being the Anuak people. The Episcopal Church of the Sudan dates the event to the late 19th century, when the Church Mission Society first began to send missionaries.
Colonial policies and missionary movements have divided Shilluk into between the Catholic and Protestant denominations. The Catholic Church was historically assigned the western bank of the Nile and ran missions stations at Lul, Detwoc, Tonga and Yoynyang, while the American Inland Mission ran a mission station at Doleib Hill, located to the south of Malakal on the eastern side of the Nile, but situated on the Sobat river. The Shilluk were a minority in the SPLM faction for most of the Second Sudanese Civil War, their number peaking in the late 1980s and the pre-ceasefire fighting in 2004.
Violence
During the summer of 2010, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), in an attempt to disarm the tribe and stop a local Shilluk rebellion, burned a number of villages and killed an untold number of civilians in South Sudan's Shilluk Kingdom.[4] Over 10,000 people were displaced in the midst of the rainy season and sent fleeing into the forest, often naked, without bedding, shelter or food. Many children des from hunger and cold.[4]
Violence started again in April 2011 with a SPLA crackdown on rebel-controlled regions. Shilluk and Nuba were the alleged victims.[5]
Violence broke out again in Tonga in late 2022.[6]
Footnotes
^Roberts, D. F.; Bainbridge, D. R. (1963). Bainbridge, D. R (ed.). "Nilotic physique". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 21 (3): 341–370. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330210309. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 14159970.
^Stock, Jay (Summer 2006). "Skeleton key". Planet Earth: 26.
^Chali D (1995). "Anthropometric measurements of the Nilotic tribes in a refugee camp". Ethiopian Medical Journal. 33 (4): 211–7. PMID 8674486.
^ ab"Sudan: Transcending tribe". Aljazeera.net/english, LLC. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
^"Southern Sudan: Abuses on Both Sides in Upper Nile Clashes". Juba: Worldnews.com. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
^South Sudan: ‘Raw violence’ displaces thousands during ‘ruthless conflict’, UNHCR says, UN News, United Nations, December 7, 2022
References
Corbett, Greville G. (2000). Numbers. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 156–158. ISBN0-521-64970-6. This section discusses number systems in Dhok-Chollo.
External links
Media related to Shilluk at Wikimedia Commons
The Shilluk people, their language and folklore (1912) [1]
The Gateway to Shilluk Community
Library of Congress Photo of two Shilluk men, dated 1936
Mayhem in Sudan's Shilluk Kingdom
Shilluk, Dhocolo in South Sudan
April 26, 2023
shilluk, people, this, article, require, copy, editing, grammar, style, cohesion, tone, spelling, assist, editing, april, 2023, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, shilluk, shilluk, chollo, major, nilotic, ethnic, group, southern, sudan, living, both. This article may require copy editing for grammar style cohesion tone or spelling You can assist by editing it April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Shilluk Shilluk Chollo are a major Luo Nilotic ethnic group of Southern Sudan living on both banks of the river Nile in the city of Malakal Before the Second Sudanese Civil War the Shilluk also lived in a number of settlements on the northern bank of the Sobat River close to where the Sobat joins the Nile ShillukColloTwo Shilluk men photographed 1936 near Malakal South SudanTotal population500 000 700 000LanguagesShilluk EnglishReligionChristianityAfrican traditional religionRelated ethnic groupsOther Luo peoples other Nilotic peoplesThe Shilluk are the third largest ethnic group of southern Sudan after the Dinka and Nuer Their language is called Dhog Collo dhog being the Shilluk word for language and mouth It belongs to the Luo branch of the Western Nilotic subfamily of the Nilotic languages Contents 1 History and culture 2 Physique 3 Religion 4 Violence 5 Footnotes 6 References 7 External linksHistory and culture EditMain article Shilluk Kingdom Shilluk woman carrying a jar Photo of Shilluk material culture from the late 1870s More Shilluk material culture The Shilluk are closely related to the Anuak people also members of the Luo Nilotic The Shilluk language shares many words with dha anywaa or Anuak language Historically the Shilluk were led by a king Reth who is considered to be from the divine lineage of the culture hero Nyikang and whose health is believed to affect that of the nation Formerly their society was fairly hierarchical with castes of royals nobles commoners and slaves Like most Nilotic groups cattle raising formed a large part of their economy however agriculture and fishing were more significant than usual and most were sedentary The Shilluk people created the Shilluk Kingdom which existed in southern Sudan from 1454 to the present Physique EditThe Shilluk along with the Dinka have been described as some of the tallest people in the world Dinka Ruweng males investigated by D F Roberts in 1953 54 were on average 181 3 cm 5 ft 11 1 2 in tall and Shilluk males averaged 182 6 cm 6 ft 0 in 1 Generally the Nilotic people are characterized as having long legs narrow bodies and short trunks an adaptation to the hot climate of South Sudan 2 However male Shilluk refugees measured in 1995 in southwestern Ethiopia were on average only 172 6 cm 5 ft 8 in tall As the study points out Nilotic people may attain greater height if privileged with favorable environmental conditions during early childhood and adolescence allowing full expression of the genetic material 3 Before fleeing these refugees were subject to privation as a consequence of the succession of civil wars in their country from 1955 to the present Religion EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Most Shilluk have converted to Christianity while some still follow the traditional religion or a mixture of the two a few have converted to Islam The Shilluk pride themselves in being one of the first Nilotic groups to accept Christianity the other being the Anuak people The Episcopal Church of the Sudan dates the event to the late 19th century when the Church Mission Society first began to send missionaries Colonial policies and missionary movements have divided Shilluk into between the Catholic and Protestant denominations The Catholic Church was historically assigned the western bank of the Nile and ran missions stations at Lul Detwoc Tonga and Yoynyang while the American Inland Mission ran a mission station at Doleib Hill located to the south of Malakal on the eastern side of the Nile but situated on the Sobat river The Shilluk were a minority in the SPLM faction for most of the Second Sudanese Civil War their number peaking in the late 1980s and the pre ceasefire fighting in 2004 Violence EditDuring the summer of 2010 the Sudan People s Liberation Army SPLA in an attempt to disarm the tribe and stop a local Shilluk rebellion burned a number of villages and killed an untold number of civilians in South Sudan s Shilluk Kingdom 4 Over 10 000 people were displaced in the midst of the rainy season and sent fleeing into the forest often naked without bedding shelter or food Many children des from hunger and cold 4 Violence started again in April 2011 with a SPLA crackdown on rebel controlled regions Shilluk and Nuba were the alleged victims 5 Violence broke out again in Tonga in late 2022 6 Footnotes Edit Roberts D F Bainbridge D R 1963 Bainbridge D R ed Nilotic physique American Journal of Physical Anthropology 21 3 341 370 doi 10 1002 ajpa 1330210309 ISSN 0002 9483 PMID 14159970 Stock Jay Summer 2006 Skeleton key Planet Earth 26 Chali D 1995 Anthropometric measurements of the Nilotic tribes in a refugee camp Ethiopian Medical Journal 33 4 211 7 PMID 8674486 a b Sudan Transcending tribe Aljazeera net english LLC Retrieved 26 April 2011 Southern Sudan Abuses on Both Sides in Upper Nile Clashes Juba Worldnews com Retrieved 11 May 2011 South Sudan Raw violence displaces thousands during ruthless conflict UNHCR says UN News United Nations December 7 2022References EditCorbett Greville G 2000 Numbers Cambridge UK New York Cambridge University Press pp 156 158 ISBN 0 521 64970 6 This section discusses number systems in Dhok Chollo External links Edit Media related to Shilluk at Wikimedia Commons The Shilluk people their language and folklore 1912 1 The Gateway to Shilluk Community Library of Congress Photo of two Shilluk men dated 1936 Mayhem in Sudan s Shilluk Kingdom Shilluk Dhocolo in South Sudan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shilluk people amp oldid 1151102984, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
