Shaw, St. Louis
This article possibly contains original research. (September 2017) |
Shaw is a neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri. It is bordered on the North by Interstate 44, the east by S. Grand Blvd, the west by Tower Grove Ave and the Missouri Botanical Gardens, and the south by Tower Grove Park. The Shaw Neighborhood is a local historic district whose historic structure and character is protected by ordinance.[2]
Shaw | |
|---|---|
Brick Homes on Castleman Avenue | |
Location (red) of Shaw within St. Louis | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| City | St. Louis |
| Wards | 8, 17, 19 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.60 sq mi (1.6 km2) |
| Population (2020)[1]</ref> | |
| • Total | 6,919 |
| • Density | 12,000/sq mi (4,500/km2) |
| ZIP code(s) | Part of 63110 |
| Area code(s) | 314 |
| Website | stlouis-mo.gov |
A mix of single family homes and multifamily buildings create a diverse population of different ages and backgrounds.
History
The Shaw neighborhood was named for Henry Shaw, the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Many of the houses in Shaw and surrounding neighborhoods were built in the late 19th century and early 20th century as the border of Saint Louis City moved westward. The area that became Shaw was established in 1769. It was initially called, "Prairie des Noyers" as a French settlement.[3]
After the Louisiana Purchase, the American government had to contend with land claims problems in the St. Louis area for decades. Land in the Prairie des Noyers were secured by various French families, who later sold their tracts to land speculators. Large sections in the present Shaw area were acquired by Major William Christy, who sold them in 1816 to William Chambers. About 1860, these tracts were willed to Chambers' daughter, Mary Lawrence Tyler, who sold them to a subdivision developer in 1888. Homes began to fill the area shortly thereafter.
By the mid 1850s, Henry Shaw had acquired several large tracts in the area, including the land now occupied by Tower Grove Park and Shaw's Garden, as well as a large tract north of the Chambers-Tyler holdings. Shaw also purchased the strip now occupied by Flora Place as an entrance way to his Botanical Garden. Most of the northern part of the Shaw area was the property of Mrs. Mary McRee, who laid out the Laclede Race Course in McRee City in 1865. This was located in the wedge between the old and new Manchester Roads. Old Manchester is now Vandeventer Avenue. Later, when Interstate 44 was built and divided the neighborhood, this area became a separate neighborhood called McRee Town.
While Henry Shaw began to subdivide his extensive land holdings as early as 1855, the earliest residential subdivision in the area was McRee City in 1869. In 1878, Shaw platted his Grand Avenue Addition, bounded by Grand, Shaw, Spring and McRee Avenues. It was Shaw's idea to duplicate a street he knew in his native England. The result consists of an oval drive around a parkway, with a fountain near its south end. Bordering the drive are ten Victorian brick houses dating from the 1880s, with high windows and white painted front porches.
They each have one bricked up window, following an English custom of closing off windows, since taxes once were assessed according to the number of windows in each house. Designed by George Ingham Barnett, their interiors have high ceilings and sliding doors of heavy wood. They were built as rental property, but upon Shaw's death, certain houses were willed to the Garden. Exceptions were houses left to Shaw's housekeeper and relatives. Shaw Place became a private street in 1915. Today it is accessible from DeTonty Street.[4]
Shaw's Flora Boulevard subdivision, popularly known as Flora Place, was platted in 1901 and within a few years was lined with fine houses. In the years between 1911 and 1915, several sections were opened in Shaw's Lafayette Avenue Addition between Shaw and McRee, west from Grand to Tower Grove. Magnolia Place was opened in 1916, as was Shaw's Vandeventer Avenue Addition, north of the Garden. Gurney and Heger Courts were opened in 1922-23, followed in the latter years by the Shaw's Garden Subdivision, across Alfred Avenue from the west side of the Garden. It had been under-developed Garden property prior to subdivision.
In 1970 Shaw was doing relatively well, per capita income was close to the regional average and the neighborhood maintained high occupancy rates.[5][6] Despite the strength of the neighborhood, macroeconomic and social changes in the 1970s resulted in challenges for the area. Population loss in the City of St. Louis, a declining regional population, and rapid suburbanization created pressures that resulted in Shaw experiencing declines on all indicators in the 1970s and 1980s. A particular challenge was the availability of mortgage and home improvement funds. For a period of time, Tower Grove Bank, a neighborhood-based institution, was the only bank that was willing to provide loans for the purchase or rehabilitation of older homes in the area (Don Burrus, personal communication, October 21, 2013).
Community leaders, particularly from local Catholic churches, responded to the challenges Shaw faced. St. Margaret of Scotland Catholic Church had played an important role in the neighborhood since the late 1800s, operating a parochial school that served the Shaw neighborhood.[7] St. Margaret's members played a leading role in forming block groups to improve public safety and ensure that resident concerns were being addressed fairly.
Later, the Archdiocese awarded St. Margaret's with $250,000 in seed funding to identify city-owned, distressed properties to rehabilitate for rentals or for sale properties. The organization's name was eventually changed to the Shaw Neighborhood Housing Corporation (SNHC), and it emerged as the neighborhood's leader in attracting new development and marketing to potential residents.[8]
In 1975, the Shaw Neighborhood Improvement Association (SNIA) was formed to address some of the neighborhood's concerns. SNIA is governed by a Board of Directors, composed of elected representatives of each neighborhood block, designed to ensure that all residents had a voice in local decision-making. The SNIA served as the voice of the neighborhood, influencing aldermen and the City of St. Louis. In 1985, Shaw was designated as a Certified Local Historic District, helping to provide incentives for redevelopment and preservation in the neighborhood.[9]
The first Imo's Pizza was located at the corner of Thurman and Shaw Avenue and still functions as a bakery for the Roma Bakery Company and provides the famous thin crusts for area Imo's restaurants.[10]
Demographics
In 2020 the neighborhood's population was 66.2% White, 21.9% Black, 0.2% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 7.7% Two or More Races, and 1.2% Some Other Race. 4.4% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.[11]
References
- ^ 2020 Census Neighborhood Results
- ^ "About Shaw". shawstlouis.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
- ^ "History of St. Louis Neighborhoods - Shaw". www.stlouis-mo.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ "History of St. Louis Neighborhoods - Shaw".
- ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Shaw Neighborhood Improvement Association. (2012).
- ^ St. Margaret of Scotland Church. (2013). News and Announcements.
- ^ In 2014 SNHC merged with Grand Oak Hill Community Corporation and Southwest Neighborhood Housing Corporation to form the Tower Grove Neighborhoods CDC, serving a population of 25,000 (Shaw Neighborhood Housing Corporation. [2013].)
- ^ Shaw Neighborhood Improvement Association. (2012).
- ^ Imo's Pizza - The Square Beyond Compare - History
- ^ https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/planning/research/documents/upload/Total-Population-by-Neighborhood-Census-2020-Redistricting-Release-2.pdf[bare URL PDF]
External links
- Shaw neighborhood website
- Shaw on the Saint Louis city web site