A shath (Arabic: شطحšaṭḥ, plural: šaṭaḥāt or šaṭḥiyyāt),[1] in the Islamic mystical tradition of Sufism, is an ecstatic utterance which may be outrageous in character. The word is derived from the root š-ṭ-ḥ, which carries the sense of overflowing or outpouring caused by agitation.[1] Famous shathiyat include “Glory be to me, how great is my majesty” by Bayazid Bastami and “I am the Truth” by Mansur Al-Hallaj.[2][3] Sufi authors sometimes claimed that such utterances were misquotations or attributed them to immaturity, madness, or intoxication. At other times they regarded them as authentic expressions of spiritual states, even profoundest experience of divine realities, which should not be manifested to the unworthy.[1] Many Sufi authors, including al-Ghazali, showed ambivalence about apparently blasphemous nature of some shathiyat, while admiring the spiritual status of their authors.[1][3]
The heyday of shath occurred during the classical period of Sufism from the ninth to twelfth century AD (the third to sixth century AH). The principal Sufi interpretation of the shathiyat which took the form of "I am" sayings contrasted the permanence of God (baqā’) with the mystical annihilation of the individual ego (fanā’), which made it possible for God to speak through the individual.[1] They later figured as topoi of Persian Sufi poetry (especially that of Farid al-Din Attar) before being reduced by later Sufis to mere allegories for Ibn Arabi's philosophy.[4]
Because the legal notion of blasphemy was not clearly defined in Islamic law, shathiyat were treated inconsistently by legal authorities.[1] In practice, since apostasy was subsumed in the category of zandaqa, which reflected the Zoroastrian legacy of viewing heresy as a political crime, shathiyat were prosecuted only when it was desired by political authorities.[1] Thus, such prosecutions mostly resulted from “personal vendetta, subversion of the state and party factionalism”.[5] Because of their opposition to religious norms, these ecstatic utterances play an important role in the conception of Islamic Antinomianism.[citation needed]
shath, shath, arabic, شطح, šaṭḥ, plural, šaṭaḥāt, šaṭḥiyyāt, islamic, mystical, tradition, sufism, ecstatic, utterance, which, outrageous, character, word, derived, from, root, which, carries, sense, overflowing, outpouring, caused, agitation, famous, shathiya. A shath Arabic شطح saṭḥ plural saṭaḥat or saṭḥiyyat 1 in the Islamic mystical tradition of Sufism is an ecstatic utterance which may be outrageous in character The word is derived from the root s ṭ ḥ which carries the sense of overflowing or outpouring caused by agitation 1 Famous shathiyat include Glory be to me how great is my majesty by Bayazid Bastami and I am the Truth by Mansur Al Hallaj 2 3 Sufi authors sometimes claimed that such utterances were misquotations or attributed them to immaturity madness or intoxication At other times they regarded them as authentic expressions of spiritual states even profoundest experience of divine realities which should not be manifested to the unworthy 1 Many Sufi authors including al Ghazali showed ambivalence about apparently blasphemous nature of some shathiyat while admiring the spiritual status of their authors 1 3 The heyday of shath occurred during the classical period of Sufism from the ninth to twelfth century AD the third to sixth century AH The principal Sufi interpretation of the shathiyat which took the form of I am sayings contrasted the permanence of God baqa with the mystical annihilation of the individual ego fana which made it possible for God to speak through the individual 1 They later figured as topoi of Persian Sufi poetry especially that of Farid al Din Attar before being reduced by later Sufis to mere allegories for Ibn Arabi s philosophy 4 Because the legal notion of blasphemy was not clearly defined in Islamic law shathiyat were treated inconsistently by legal authorities 1 In practice since apostasy was subsumed in the category of zandaqa which reflected the Zoroastrian legacy of viewing heresy as a political crime shathiyat were prosecuted only when it was desired by political authorities 1 Thus such prosecutions mostly resulted from personal vendetta subversion of the state and party factionalism 5 Because of their opposition to religious norms these ecstatic utterances play an important role in the conception of Islamic Antinomianism citation needed See also editAyn al Quzat Hamadani Crazy wisdom Divine ecstasy Ruzbihan Baqli Sarmad KashaniNotes edit a b c d e f g C Ernst 1997 Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed Vol 9 Shath Brill pp 361 362 Ernst 1985 1 3 a b The Oxford Dictionary of Islam Oxford University Press Archived from the original on July 12 2015 Ernst 1985 4 6 Ernst 1985 101 109 115 117 Bibliography editErnst Carl W 1985 Words of Ecstasy in Sufism Albany State University of New York Press ISBN 0 87395 917 5 Portals nbsp Religion nbsp Islam nbsp Education nbsp Psychology nbsp This Sufism related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shath amp oldid 1195871716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
