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Sexual offences in the United Kingdom

November 10, 2023

There are a number of sexual offences under the law of England and Wales, the law of Scotland, and the law of Northern Ireland (which function as three separate systems for this purpose).

Eurostat rapes reported to police in UK 2008–2015

Rape edit

Rape has the same statutory definition for all three jurisdictions. Each jurisdiction has its own case law on the interpretation of that legislation. The statutory definition is:

If a person ("A"), with A's penis – penetrates to any extent, without (1) another person ("B") consenting, and (2) without any reasonable belief that B consents, either intending to do so or reckless as to whether there is penetration, the vagina, anus or mouth of B then – A commits an offence, to be known as the offence of rape.[1][2][3]

It is therefore only legally possible for a cis woman to be guilty of rape if they assist a male assailant in an attack on a third party. Otherwise, a female can be charged with assault by penetration, which carries similar sentences to rape. If a man has sex with someone under the age of 16 then he is also guilty of rape as a child cannot lawfully consent to sex.[4]

Of women aged 16 to 59 in England & Wales interviewed for the 2006/07 British Crime Survey, 0.5% (1 in every 200) reported that they had suffered rape or attempted rape in the previous year, equating to approximately 85,000 nationally. In the same year, less than 800 persons were convicted of rape.[5][6]

England and Wales edit

Main article: Sexual offences in English law

In England and Wales, there are non-consensual offences of rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and sexual activity without consent.[7] There are a number of sexual offences against children under 13,[8] against children under 16,[9] and against child family members.[10] There are a number of sexual offences of abuse of position of trust.[11] There are a number of sexual offences against persons with a mental disorder impeding choice,[12] and of using inducement, threat or deception against person with a mental disorder.[13] There are a number of sexual offences that consist of conduct by care workers against persons with a mental disorder.[14] There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a child,[15] a number of offences relating to child prostitution or pornography,[16] and number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children.[17] There is an offence of extreme pornography.[18] There are offences of loitering or soliciting for purposes of prostitution,[19] and causing, inciting or controlling prostitution for gain.[20] There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a prostitute subjected to force.[21] There are a number of offences relating to brothels and premises used for prostitution.[22] There are a number of offences of trafficking for sexual exploitation,[23] a number of sexual preparatory offences,[24] and a number of offences of sex with an adult relative.[25] There are offences of exposure, voyeurism, bestiality, necrophilia and sexual activity in a public lavatory.[26]

There are notification requirements for sexual offenders.[27] There are powers to impose notification orders, sexual harm prevention orders and sexual risk orders on sexual offenders.[28] There are powers of entry and search against the homes of sexual offenders.[29]

There is statutory provision for the anonymity of victims of sexual offences.[30]

Northern Ireland edit

Main article: Sexual offences in Northern Ireland law

In Northern Ireland, there are offences of rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault and sexual activity without consent.[31] There are a number of sexual offences against children under 13,[32] against children under 16,[33] and against child family members.[34] There are a number of sexual offences of abuse of position of trust.[35] There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a child,[36] a number of offences relating to child prostitution or pornography,[37] and number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children.[38] There are a number of sexual offences against persons with a mental disorder impeding choice,[39] and of using inducement, threat or deception against person with a mental disorder.[40] There are a number of sexual offences that consist of conduct by care workers against persons with a mental disorder.[41] There is an offence of extreme pornography.[42] There are offences of loitering or soliciting for purposes of prostitution, kerb-crawling and persistent soliciting,[43] There are a number of offences of causing, inciting or controlling prostitution for gain,[44] and there is an offence of keeping a brothel used for prostitution.[45] There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a person.[46] There are a number of sexual preparatory offences,[47] and a number of offences of sex with an adult relative.[48] There are offences of exposure, voyeurism, bestiality, necrophilia and sexual activity in a public lavatory.[49]

Scotland edit

Main article: Sexual offences in Scots law

In Scotland, there are offences of rape, sexual assault by penetration, sexual assault, sexual coercion, coercing a person into being present during a sexual activity, coercing a person into looking at a sexual image, communicating indecently, sexual exposure, voyeurism, and administering a substance for sexual purposes,[50] and there is a sexual offence of unlawful detention.[51] There are offences of incest and intercourse with step-child.[52] There is a sexual offence of procuring.[53] There are a number of sexual offences against young children,[54] and against older children.[55] There is a sexual offence of meeting a child,[56] and there are a number of offences of sexual abuse of trust.[57] There are a number of offences relating to the sexual services of children and child pornography,[58] and there are a number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children.[59] There are a number of offences relating to the prostitution or seduction of, and premises used for intercourse by, girls under 16.[60] There are offences of trading in prostitution and brothel-keeping, allowing children to be in brothels, and living on earnings of another from male prostitution.[61] There are a number of offences of soliciting, importuning or loitering for the purpose of prostitution.[62] There is an offence of extreme pornography.[63]

There is statutory provision in relation to procedure and evidence on trials for sexual offences,[64] and pardons and disregards for sodomy offences.[65]

See also edit

References edit

  • Rook and Ward on Sexual Offences. Third Edition. Sweet & Maxwell. 2007. Fourth Edition. 2010. Supplement. 2014.
  • Richard Card, Alisdair A Gillespie and Michael Hirst. Sexual Offences. Jordans. 2008.
  • Richardson and Clark: Sexual Offences: A Practitioner's Guide. Bloomsbury Professional. 2014. Google
  • Patricia Lees and Eleanor Laws. The Sexual Offences Referencer. Second Edition. Oxford University Press. 2014.
  • Felicity Gerry, Catarina Sjölin and Lyndon Harris. Sexual Offences Handbook: Law, Practice and Procedure. Second Edition. Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing. 2014.
  • Richard Card. Sexual Offences: The New Law. Jordans. 2004. Google
  • Jeffrey Lamb. Sexual Offences. Tottel Publishing. 2003. Google
  • "Sexual Offences". Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice 2014. Sweet & Maxwell. Thomson Reuters. Chapter 20. Page 2041 et seq.
  • Hooper and Ormerod. "Sexual Offences". Blackstone's Criminal Practice 2012. Oxford University Press. 2011. Section B3. Page 292 et seq.
  • Stone's Justices Manual.
  • David Ormerod and Karl Laird. Smith and Hogan's Criminal Law. Fourteenth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2015. Chapter 18. Page 817 et seq.
  • "Sexual Offences". Halsbury's Laws of England. Fifth Edition. LexisNexis. 2008. Volume 25. Volume 26. Page 174 et seq.
  • James Chalmers. The New Law of Sexual Offences in Scotland. (Gordon's Criminal Law, supplement 1 to vol 2). W Green. 2010.
  • Andrew M Cubie. "Sexual Offences". Scots Criminal Law. Fourth Edition. Bloomsbury Professional. 2016. Chapter 11. Page 175 et seq.
  • Gerald H Gordon. "Sexual Offences". The Criminal Law of Scotland. Second Edition. 1978. Part 5. Chapters 33 to 36.
  • Stair Memorial Encyclopedia.
  1. ^ "Sexual Offences Act 2003 c. 42 Part 1 Section 1". The National Archives. 2003. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  2. ^ "Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 Section 1". The National Archives. 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  3. ^ "The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008 No. 1769 (N.I. 2) PART 2". The National Archives. 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Blog: is the law on rape sexist?". blmsolicitors.co.uk. Bastian Lloyd Morris LLP solicitor advocates. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  5. ^ Povey, David; Coleman, Kathryn; Kaiza, Peter; Hoare, Jacqueline; Jansson, Krista (2008). Homicides, firearm offences and intimate violence 2006/07 (supplementary volume 2 to crime in England and Wales 2006/07). London: Office for National Statistics. ISBN 9781847265753. Pdf.
  6. ^ Easton, Mark (9 July 2008). "Rape: a complex crime". London: BBC. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  7. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 1 to 4
  8. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 5 to 8
  9. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 9 to 15A
  10. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 25 and 26
  11. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 16 to 19
  12. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 30 to 33
  13. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 34 to 37
  14. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 38 to 41
  15. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 47
  16. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 48 to 50
  17. ^ The Protection of Children Act 1978, s 1; the Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 160
  18. ^ The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, s 63
  19. ^ The Street Offences Act 1959, s 1; the Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 51A
  20. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 52 and 53
  21. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 53A
  22. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 1956, ss 33 to 36
  23. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 57 to 59
  24. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 61 to 63
  25. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 64 and 65
  26. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 66, 67 and 69 to 71
  27. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 80 to 92
  28. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 97 to 103, 103A to 103K and 122A to 122K
  29. ^ The Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 96B
  30. ^ The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1992
  31. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 5 to 8
  32. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 12 to 15
  33. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 16 to 22A
  34. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 32 and 33
  35. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 23 to 26
  36. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, art 37
  37. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 38 to 40
  38. ^ The Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978, art 3; the Criminal Justice (Evidence, Etc.) (Northern Ireland) Order 1988, art 15
  39. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 43 to 46
  40. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 47 to 50
  41. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 51 to 54
  42. ^ The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, s 63
  43. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 59 to 61
  44. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 62 and 63
  45. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, art 64
  46. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, art 64A
  47. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 65 and 67
  48. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 68 and 69
  49. ^ The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008, arts 70, 71 and 73 to 75
  50. ^ The Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009, ss 1 to 9 and 11
  51. ^ The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, s 8(3)
  52. ^ The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, ss 1 and 2
  53. ^ The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, s 7
  54. ^ The Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009, ss 18 to 26
  55. ^ The Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009, ss 28 to 37
  56. ^ The Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2005, s 1
  57. ^ The Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009, ss 42 and 46
  58. ^ The Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2005, ss 9 to 12
  59. ^ The Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982, ss 52 and 52A
  60. ^ The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, ss 9 and 10
  61. ^ The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, ss 11 to 13
  62. ^ The Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982, s 46; the Prostitution (Public Places) (Scotland) Act 2007, s 1
  63. ^ The Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982, s 51A
  64. ^ The Sexual Offences (Procedure and Evidence) (Scotland) Act 2002
  65. ^ The Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018

November 10, 2023
sexual, offences, united, kingdom, there, number, sexual, offences, under, england, wales, scotland, northern, ireland, which, function, three, separate, systems, this, purpose, eurostat, rapes, reported, police, 2008, 2015contents, rape, england, wales, north. There are a number of sexual offences under the law of England and Wales the law of Scotland and the law of Northern Ireland which function as three separate systems for this purpose Eurostat rapes reported to police in UK 2008 2015Contents 1 Rape 2 England and Wales 3 Northern Ireland 4 Scotland 5 See also 6 ReferencesRape editRape has the same statutory definition for all three jurisdictions Each jurisdiction has its own case law on the interpretation of that legislation The statutory definition is If a person A with A s penis penetrates to any extent without 1 another person B consenting and 2 without any reasonable belief that B consents either intending to do so or reckless as to whether there is penetration the vagina anus or mouth of B then A commits an offence to be known as the offence of rape 1 2 3 It is therefore only legally possible for a cis woman to be guilty of rape if they assist a male assailant in an attack on a third party Otherwise a female can be charged with assault by penetration which carries similar sentences to rape If a man has sex with someone under the age of 16 then he is also guilty of rape as a child cannot lawfully consent to sex 4 Of women aged 16 to 59 in England amp Wales interviewed for the 2006 07 British Crime Survey 0 5 1 in every 200 reported that they had suffered rape or attempted rape in the previous year equating to approximately 85 000 nationally In the same year less than 800 persons were convicted of rape 5 6 England and Wales editMain article Sexual offences in English law In England and Wales there are non consensual offences of rape assault by penetration sexual assault and sexual activity without consent 7 There are a number of sexual offences against children under 13 8 against children under 16 9 and against child family members 10 There are a number of sexual offences of abuse of position of trust 11 There are a number of sexual offences against persons with a mental disorder impeding choice 12 and of using inducement threat or deception against person with a mental disorder 13 There are a number of sexual offences that consist of conduct by care workers against persons with a mental disorder 14 There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a child 15 a number of offences relating to child prostitution or pornography 16 and number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children 17 There is an offence of extreme pornography 18 There are offences of loitering or soliciting for purposes of prostitution 19 and causing inciting or controlling prostitution for gain 20 There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a prostitute subjected to force 21 There are a number of offences relating to brothels and premises used for prostitution 22 There are a number of offences of trafficking for sexual exploitation 23 a number of sexual preparatory offences 24 and a number of offences of sex with an adult relative 25 There are offences of exposure voyeurism bestiality necrophilia and sexual activity in a public lavatory 26 There are notification requirements for sexual offenders 27 There are powers to impose notification orders sexual harm prevention orders and sexual risk orders on sexual offenders 28 There are powers of entry and search against the homes of sexual offenders 29 There is statutory provision for the anonymity of victims of sexual offences 30 Northern Ireland editMain article Sexual offences in Northern Ireland law In Northern Ireland there are offences of rape assault by penetration sexual assault and sexual activity without consent 31 There are a number of sexual offences against children under 13 32 against children under 16 33 and against child family members 34 There are a number of sexual offences of abuse of position of trust 35 There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a child 36 a number of offences relating to child prostitution or pornography 37 and number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children 38 There are a number of sexual offences against persons with a mental disorder impeding choice 39 and of using inducement threat or deception against person with a mental disorder 40 There are a number of sexual offences that consist of conduct by care workers against persons with a mental disorder 41 There is an offence of extreme pornography 42 There are offences of loitering or soliciting for purposes of prostitution kerb crawling and persistent soliciting 43 There are a number of offences of causing inciting or controlling prostitution for gain 44 and there is an offence of keeping a brothel used for prostitution 45 There is an offence of paying for sexual services of a person 46 There are a number of sexual preparatory offences 47 and a number of offences of sex with an adult relative 48 There are offences of exposure voyeurism bestiality necrophilia and sexual activity in a public lavatory 49 Scotland editMain article Sexual offences in Scots law In Scotland there are offences of rape sexual assault by penetration sexual assault sexual coercion coercing a person into being present during a sexual activity coercing a person into looking at a sexual image communicating indecently sexual exposure voyeurism and administering a substance for sexual purposes 50 and there is a sexual offence of unlawful detention 51 There are offences of incest and intercourse with step child 52 There is a sexual offence of procuring 53 There are a number of sexual offences against young children 54 and against older children 55 There is a sexual offence of meeting a child 56 and there are a number of offences of sexual abuse of trust 57 There are a number of offences relating to the sexual services of children and child pornography 58 and there are a number of offences relating to indecent photographs of children 59 There are a number of offences relating to the prostitution or seduction of and premises used for intercourse by girls under 16 60 There are offences of trading in prostitution and brothel keeping allowing children to be in brothels and living on earnings of another from male prostitution 61 There are a number of offences of soliciting importuning or loitering for the purpose of prostitution 62 There is an offence of extreme pornography 63 There is statutory provision in relation to procedure and evidence on trials for sexual offences 64 and pardons and disregards for sodomy offences 65 See also editAge of consent reform in the United Kingdom Crime in the United Kingdom Law of the United Kingdom Rape statisticsReferences editRook and Ward on Sexual Offences Third Edition Sweet amp Maxwell 2007 Fourth Edition 2010 Supplement 2014 Richard Card Alisdair A Gillespie and Michael Hirst Sexual Offences Jordans 2008 Richardson and Clark Sexual Offences A Practitioner s Guide Bloomsbury Professional 2014 Google Patricia Lees and Eleanor Laws The Sexual Offences Referencer Second Edition Oxford University Press 2014 Felicity Gerry Catarina Sjolin and Lyndon Harris Sexual Offences Handbook Law Practice and Procedure Second Edition Wildy Simmonds amp Hill Publishing 2014 Richard Card Sexual Offences The New Law Jordans 2004 Google Jeffrey Lamb Sexual Offences Tottel Publishing 2003 Google Sexual Offences Archbold Criminal Pleading Evidence and Practice 2014 Sweet amp Maxwell Thomson Reuters Chapter 20 Page 2041 et seq Hooper and Ormerod Sexual Offences Blackstone s Criminal Practice 2012 Oxford University Press 2011 Section B3 Page 292 et seq Stone s Justices Manual David Ormerod and Karl Laird Smith and Hogan s Criminal Law Fourteenth Edition Oxford University Press 2015 Chapter 18 Page 817 et seq Sexual Offences Halsbury s Laws of England Fifth Edition LexisNexis 2008 Volume 25 Volume 26 Page 174 et seq James Chalmers The New Law of Sexual Offences in Scotland Gordon s Criminal Law supplement 1 to vol 2 W Green 2010 Andrew M Cubie Sexual Offences Scots Criminal Law Fourth Edition Bloomsbury Professional 2016 Chapter 11 Page 175 et seq Gerald H Gordon Sexual Offences The Criminal Law of Scotland Second Edition 1978 Part 5 Chapters 33 to 36 Stair Memorial Encyclopedia Sexual Offences Act 2003 c 42 Part 1 Section 1 The National Archives 2003 Retrieved 20 November 2015 Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2009 Section 1 The National Archives 2009 Retrieved 20 November 2015 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 No 1769 N I 2 PART 2 The National Archives 2008 Retrieved 20 November 2015 Blog is the law on rape sexist blmsolicitors co uk Bastian Lloyd Morris LLP solicitor advocates 9 March 2014 Retrieved 20 November 2015 Povey David Coleman Kathryn Kaiza Peter Hoare Jacqueline Jansson Krista 2008 Homicides firearm offences and intimate violence 2006 07 supplementary volume 2 to crime in England and Wales 2006 07 London Office for National Statistics ISBN 9781847265753 Pdf Easton Mark 9 July 2008 Rape a complex crime London BBC Retrieved 20 November 2015 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 1 to 4 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 5 to 8 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 9 to 15A The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 25 and 26 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 16 to 19 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 30 to 33 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 34 to 37 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 38 to 41 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 s 47 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 48 to 50 The Protection of Children Act 1978 s 1 the Criminal Justice Act 1988 s 160 The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 s 63 The Street Offences Act 1959 s 1 the Sexual Offences Act 2003 s 51A The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 52 and 53 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 s 53A The Sexual Offences Act 1956 ss 33 to 36 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 57 to 59 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 61 to 63 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 64 and 65 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 66 67 and 69 to 71 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 80 to 92 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 ss 97 to 103 103A to 103K and 122A to 122K The Sexual Offences Act 2003 s 96B The Sexual Offences Amendment Act 1992 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 5 to 8 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 12 to 15 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 16 to 22A The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 32 and 33 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 23 to 26 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 art 37 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 38 to 40 The Protection of Children Northern Ireland Order 1978 art 3 the Criminal Justice Evidence Etc Northern Ireland Order 1988 art 15 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 43 to 46 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 47 to 50 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 51 to 54 The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 s 63 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 59 to 61 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 62 and 63 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 art 64 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 art 64A The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 65 and 67 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 68 and 69 The Sexual Offences Northern Ireland Order 2008 arts 70 71 and 73 to 75 The Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2009 ss 1 to 9 and 11 The Criminal Law Consolidation Scotland Act 1995 s 8 3 The Criminal Law Consolidation Scotland Act 1995 ss 1 and 2 The Criminal Law Consolidation Scotland Act 1995 s 7 The Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2009 ss 18 to 26 The Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2009 ss 28 to 37 The Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2005 s 1 The Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2009 ss 42 and 46 The Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences Scotland Act 2005 ss 9 to 12 The Civic Government Scotland Act 1982 ss 52 and 52A The Criminal Law Consolidation Scotland Act 1995 ss 9 and 10 The Criminal Law Consolidation Scotland Act 1995 ss 11 to 13 The Civic Government Scotland Act 1982 s 46 the Prostitution Public Places Scotland Act 2007 s 1 The Civic Government Scotland Act 1982 s 51A The Sexual Offences Procedure and Evidence Scotland Act 2002 The Historical Sexual Offences Pardons and Disregards Scotland Act 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sexual offences in the United Kingdom amp oldid 1176937673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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