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The tunnel cuts under the Severomuysky Range, a mountain ridge separating the Upper Angara basin to the north west from the Muya basin to the south east. The BAM then follows the valley of the Muyakan River [ru] on its way east towards its junction with the Muya shortly before Taksimo. A works town named after the tunnel was built at each end during its construction; Tonnelny at the western portal and Severomuysk at the eastern portal. Tonnelny was abandoned in 2004 after the opening of the tunnel and its population relocated to Severomuysk. Employment in Severomuysk relies almost entirely on the maintenance of the tunnel and its bypass route [ru].
Historyedit
Map of the Severomuysky Tunnel, showing (A) first bypass (1982-83) and (B) second bypass (1989)
Preliminary work on the tunnel started in 1975, with tunneling commencing on 28 May 1977. The tunnel was built through very difficult rock with four major faults and a great deal of underground water, some at 35 standard atmospheres (3.5 MPa) pressure. One method used was to pump liquid nitrogen into the rock, freezing the water until the cut could be sealed. In September 1979 workers broke into a fault connected to a 12,000 cubic metres (3,200,000 US gal) underground lake. This required building a drainage tunnel and delayed work for eighteen months.
When it became clear that the tunnel would not be completed in time for the planned official opening of the BAM in 1984, a 28 kilometres (17 mi) bypass was built during the years 1982–83. This had a 4% grade and traffic was limited to 15 kilometres per hour (9 mph). Passenger traffic was prohibited.
In 1989, a new bypass of 54 kilometres (34 mi) was completed (with a 2% ruling grade) and the original bypass route was closed. The new route was open for passenger trains, although it required auxiliary engines to push trains up steep sections and was limited to a maximum speed of 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph), the 54 kilometres (34 mi) route taking around 21⁄2 hours to cross. This section featured a large number of tight curves and viaducts, with the long curved bridge built near the tunnel's western portal being nicknamed locally the Devil's Bridge. It also included two tunnels of its own, one of which was 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in length. It was also expensive to maintain and at risk of avalanches.
The main tunnel was put into operation on 5 December 2003[1] (signed off on 30 November[2][3]), with yet another announcement of the completion of the BAM project.
On 30 November 2023, an explosion occurred in the tunnel; four explosive devices went off during the movement of a freight train. The Security Service of Ukraine is claimed to be behind this detonation.[4]
Current statusedit
With the opening of the tunnel, the time required for a train to cross the section has been reduced to only 15 minutes. However, the newer bypass is still used for westbound trains and local trains to allow eastbound trains to pass through the single-track tunnel. The opening of the tunnel also allowed 6 million t (6.6 million short tons) of freight annually to be switched onto the BAM from the Trans-Siberian Railway.[5]
Futureedit
The cost of doubling the tunnel to increase the capacity from 16 to 34 train pairs per day and from 16 to 100 million t (18 to 110 million short tons) per year, with intervals between trains of not more than 10 minutes, was budgeted at 260.79 billion rubles (US$4.16 billion), according to a 2018 feasibility study by the Institute for Economy and Transport Development. Building a second tunnel was estimated to take approximately ten years.[6] Construction of the Second Severomuysky Tunnel started in 2019.
^РОФ Фонд Святого Всехвального апостола Андрея Первозванного :: Комитет по международной премии :: Лауреаты 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
^Baikal-Amur Mainline completed Archived 2007-09-29 at archive.today (an October 29, 2003 Pravda Online article (in English))
^babr.ru: 30 October 2003 News 12 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
^Romanenko, Valentyna (30 November 2023). "Ukraine's Security Service blows up railway connecting Russia and China". Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^Baikal - Amur Main Line description on website of the Russian Railways
^"Press review: Ukraine's Kerch Strait provocation fails and Kiev picks new Normandy envoy". Kommersant. TASS. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
December 01, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian November 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 876 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Severomujskij tonnel see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Severomujskij tonnel to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Severomuysky Tunnel Russian Severomu jskij tonne l is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline BAM in northwestern Buryatia Russia It is named after the Northern Muya Range it cuts through The tunnel is 15 34 kilometres 9 53 mi long the longest in Russia excluding metro lines Severomuysky TunnelSeveromuysky Tunnel Eastern PortalOverviewLocationBuryatia RussiaCoordinates56 14 26 N 113 26 30 E 56 24056 N 113 44167 E 56 24056 113 44167StatusopenRouteBAMOperationWork begun28 05 1977Opened12 05 2003TechnicalLength15 343 m 50 338 ft No of lanes1Track gauge1 520 mm 4 ft 11 27 32 in Russian gauge Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Current status 4 Future 5 See also 6 ReferencesGeography editThe tunnel cuts under the Severomuysky Range a mountain ridge separating the Upper Angara basin to the north west from the Muya basin to the south east The BAM then follows the valley of the Muyakan River ru on its way east towards its junction with the Muya shortly before Taksimo A works town named after the tunnel was built at each end during its construction Tonnelny at the western portal and Severomuysk at the eastern portal Tonnelny was abandoned in 2004 after the opening of the tunnel and its population relocated to Severomuysk Employment in Severomuysk relies almost entirely on the maintenance of the tunnel and its bypass route ru History edit nbsp Map of the Severomuysky Tunnel showing A first bypass 1982 83 and B second bypass 1989 Preliminary work on the tunnel started in 1975 with tunneling commencing on 28 May 1977 The tunnel was built through very difficult rock with four major faults and a great deal of underground water some at 35 standard atmospheres 3 5 MPa pressure One method used was to pump liquid nitrogen into the rock freezing the water until the cut could be sealed In September 1979 workers broke into a fault connected to a 12 000 cubic metres 3 200 000 US gal underground lake This required building a drainage tunnel and delayed work for eighteen months When it became clear that the tunnel would not be completed in time for the planned official opening of the BAM in 1984 a 28 kilometres 17 mi bypass was built during the years 1982 83 This had a 4 grade and traffic was limited to 15 kilometres per hour 9 mph Passenger traffic was prohibited In 1989 a new bypass of 54 kilometres 34 mi was completed with a 2 ruling grade and the original bypass route was closed The new route was open for passenger trains although it required auxiliary engines to push trains up steep sections and was limited to a maximum speed of 20 kilometres per hour 12 mph the 54 kilometres 34 mi route taking around 21 2 hours to cross This section featured a large number of tight curves and viaducts with the long curved bridge built near the tunnel s western portal being nicknamed locally the Devil s Bridge It also included two tunnels of its own one of which was 2 kilometres 1 2 mi in length It was also expensive to maintain and at risk of avalanches The main tunnel was put into operation on 5 December 2003 1 signed off on 30 November 2 3 with yet another announcement of the completion of the BAM project On 30 November 2023 an explosion occurred in the tunnel four explosive devices went off during the movement of a freight train The Security Service of Ukraine is claimed to be behind this detonation 4 Current status edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp With the opening of the tunnel the time required for a train to cross the section has been reduced to only 15 minutes However the newer bypass is still used for westbound trains and local trains to allow eastbound trains to pass through the single track tunnel The opening of the tunnel also allowed 6 million t 6 6 million short tons of freight annually to be switched onto the BAM from the Trans Siberian Railway 5 Future editThe cost of doubling the tunnel to increase the capacity from 16 to 34 train pairs per day and from 16 to 100 million t 18 to 110 million short tons per year with intervals between trains of not more than 10 minutes was budgeted at 260 79 billion rubles US 4 16 billion according to a 2018 feasibility study by the Institute for Economy and Transport Development Building a second tunnel was estimated to take approximately ten years 6 Construction of the Second Severomuysky Tunnel started in 2019 See also editDusse Alin Tunnel List of longest tunnelsReferences edit ROF Fond Svyatogo Vsehvalnogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo Komitet po mezhdunarodnoj premii Laureaty Archived 2007 09 27 at the Wayback Machine Baikal Amur Mainline completed Archived 2007 09 29 at archive today an October 29 2003 Pravda Online article in English babr ru 30 October 2003 News Archived 12 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine in Russian Romanenko Valentyna 30 November 2023 Ukraine s Security Service blows up railway connecting Russia and China Ukrainska Pravda Retrieved 1 December 2023 Baikal Amur Main Line description on website of the Russian Railways Press review Ukraine s Kerch Strait provocation fails and Kiev picks new Normandy envoy Kommersant TASS 26 November 2018 Retrieved 26 November 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Severomuysky Tunnel amp oldid 1187761077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
