The sensitivity of an electronic device, such as a communications system receiver, or detection device, such as a PIN diode, is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio, or other specified criteria.
The sensitivity of a hydrophone is usually expressed as dB re 1 V/μPa.[2]
Receiversedit
Sensitivity in a receiver, such a radio receiver, indicates its capability to extract information from a weak signal, quantified as the lowest signal level that can be useful.[3] It is mathematically defined as the minimum input signal required to produce a specified signal-to-noise S/N ratio at the output port of the receiver and is defined as the mean noise power at the input port of the receiver times the minimum required signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver:
Because receiver sensitivity indicates how faint an input signal can be to be successfully received by the receiver, the lower power level, the better. Lower power for a given S/N ratio means better sensitivity since the receiver's contribution is smaller. When the power is expressed in dBm the larger the absolute value of the negative number, the better the receive sensitivity. For example, a receiver sensitivity of −98 dBm is better than a receive sensitivity of −95 dBm by 3 dB, or a factor of two. In other words, at a specified data rate, a receiver with a −98 dBm sensitivity can hear signals that are half the power of those heard by a receiver with a −95 dBm receiver sensitivity.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^Book: Sensors and Transducers Characteristics, Applications, Instrumentation, Interfacing M..J. Usher and D.A. Keating
^Layne, Dennis. "Receiver Sensitivity and Equivalent Noise Bandwidth". High Frequency Electronics. from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
Microphone sensitivity conversion from dB at 1 V/Pa to transfer factor in mV/Pa
October 29, 2023
sensitivity, electronics, sensitivity, electronic, device, such, communications, system, receiver, detection, device, such, diode, minimum, magnitude, input, signal, required, produce, specified, output, signal, having, specified, signal, noise, ratio, other, . The sensitivity of an electronic device such as a communications system receiver or detection device such as a PIN diode is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal to noise ratio or other specified criteria In signal processing sensitivity also relates to bandwidth and noise floor Sensitivity is sometimes improperly used as a synonym for responsivity citation needed 1 Contents 1 Electroacoustics 2 Receivers 3 References 4 External linksElectroacoustics editThe sensitivity of a microphone is usually expressed as the sound field strength in decibels dB relative to 1 V Pa Pa N m2 or as the transfer factor in millivolts per pascal mV Pa into an open circuit or into a 1 kiloohm load citation needed The sensitivity of a loudspeaker is usually expressed as dB 2 83 VRMS at 1 metre citation needed This is not the same as the electrical efficiency see Efficiency vs sensitivity The sensitivity of a hydrophone is usually expressed as dB re 1 V mPa 2 Receivers editSensitivity in a receiver such a radio receiver indicates its capability to extract information from a weak signal quantified as the lowest signal level that can be useful 3 It is mathematically defined as the minimum input signal S i displaystyle S i nbsp required to produce a specified signal to noise S N ratio at the output port of the receiver and is defined as the mean noise power at the input port of the receiver times the minimum required signal to noise ratio at the output of the receiver S i k T a T r x B S o N o displaystyle S i k T a T rx B cdot frac S o N o nbsp where S i displaystyle S i nbsp sensitivity W k displaystyle k nbsp Boltzmann constant T a displaystyle T a nbsp equivalent noise temperature in K of the source e g antenna at the input of the receiver T r x displaystyle T rx nbsp equivalent noise temperature in K of the receiver referred to the input of the receiver B displaystyle B nbsp bandwidth Hz S o N o displaystyle frac S o N o nbsp Required SNR at output The same formula can also be expressed in terms of noise factor of the receiver as S i N i F S N R o k T a B F S N R o displaystyle S i N i cdot F cdot SNR o kT a B cdot F cdot SNR o nbsp where F displaystyle F nbsp noise factor N i displaystyle N i nbsp input noise power S N R o displaystyle SNR o nbsp required SNR at output Because receiver sensitivity indicates how faint an input signal can be to be successfully received by the receiver the lower power level the better Lower power for a given S N ratio means better sensitivity since the receiver s contribution is smaller When the power is expressed in dBm the larger the absolute value of the negative number the better the receive sensitivity For example a receiver sensitivity of 98 dBm is better than a receive sensitivity of 95 dBm by 3 dB or a factor of two In other words at a specified data rate a receiver with a 98 dBm sensitivity can hear signals that are half the power of those heard by a receiver with a 95 dBm receiver sensitivity citation needed References edit Book Sensors and Transducers Characteristics Applications Instrumentation Interfacing M J Usher and D A Keating Underwater Acoustics resource npl co uk Retrieved 2020 12 04 Layne Dennis Receiver Sensitivity and Equivalent Noise Bandwidth High Frequency Electronics Archived from the original on 2020 08 23 Retrieved 2020 08 23 nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C General Services Administration Archived from the original on 2022 01 22 in support of MIL STD 188 External links editMicrophone sensitivity conversion from dB at 1 V Pa to transfer factor in mV Pa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sensitivity electronics amp oldid 1134652509, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
