In applied physics, the concept of controlling self-organized criticality refers to the control of processes by which a self-organized system dissipates energy. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of energy dissipation bursts, often called avalanches, of self-organized systems. Dissipation of energy in a self-organized critical system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of power law distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive.[1][2][3]
Several strategies have been proposed to deal with the issue of controlling self-organized criticality:
The design of controlled avalanches. Daniel O. Cajueiro and Roberto F. S. Andrade show that if well-formulated small and medium avalanches are exogenously triggered in the system, the energy of the system is released in a way that large avalanches are rarer.[1][2][3]
The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads. Charles D. Brummitt, Raissa M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht show that the dynamics of self-organized critical systems on complex networks depend on connectivity of the complex network. They find that while some connectivity is beneficial (since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system), too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system.[4]
The modification of the deposition process of the self-organized system. Pierre-Andre Noel, Charles D. Brummitt and Raissa M. D'Souza show that it is possible to control the self-organized system by modifying the natural deposition process of the self-organized system adjusting the place where the avalanche starts.[5]
Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures. In a model of an electric transmission network, Heiko Hoffmann and David W. Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines (sort of like preventive maintenance) or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self-organized criticality.[6] Apparently, these strategies undermine the self-organization of large critical clusters. Here, a critical cluster is a collection of transmission lines that are near the failure threshold and that collapse entirely if triggered.
Applicationsedit
There are several events that arise in nature or society and that these ideas of control may help to avoid:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Flood caused by systems of dams and reservoirs or interconnected valleys.
Snow avalanches that take place in snow hills.
Forest fires in areas susceptible to a lightning bolt or a match lighting.
The failure cascades in electrical transmission and financial sectors occur because economic forces that push for efficiency cause these systems to operate near a critical point, where avalanches of indeterminate size become possible. Financial investments that are vulnerable to this kind of failure may exhibit a Taleb distribution.
^ abcD. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade (2010). "Controlling self-organized criticality in sandpile models". Physical Review E. 81 (1): 015102#R. arXiv:1305.6648. Bibcode:2010PhRvE..81a5102C. doi:10.1103/physreve.81.015102. PMID 20365422. S2CID 18171232.
^ abcD. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade (2010). "Controlling self-organized criticality in complex networks". European Physical Journal B. 77 (2): 291–296. arXiv:1305.6656. Bibcode:2010EPJB...77..291C. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2010-00229-8. S2CID 12891951.
^ abcD. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade (2010). "Dynamical programming approach for controlling the directed Abelian Dhar-Ramaswamy model". Physical Review E. 82 (3): 031108. arXiv:1305.6668. Bibcode:2010PhRvE..82c1108C. doi:10.1103/physreve.82.031108. PMID 21230026. S2CID 32404046.
^ abC. D. Brummitt, R. M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht (2012). "Suppressing cascades of load in interdependent networks". PNAS. 109 (12): E680–E689. arXiv:1106.4499. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E.680B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110586109. PMC3311366. PMID 22355144.
^ abP. A. Noel, C. D. Brummitt and R. M. D'Souza (2013). "Controlling self-organized criticality on networks using models that self-organize". Physical Review Letters. 111 (7): 078701. arXiv:1305.1877. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111g8701N. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.078701. PMID 23992086. S2CID 108354.
^ abH. Hoffmann and D. W. Payton (2014). "Suppressing cascades in a self-organized-critical model with non-contiguous spread of failures". Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. 67: 87–93. Bibcode:2014CSF....67...87H. doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2014.06.011.
^Gutiérrez-Oribio, Diego; Tzortzopoulos, Georgios; Stefanou, Ioannis; Plestan, Franck (2022-03-01). "Earthquake Control: An Emerging Application for Robust Control. Theory and Experimental Tests". arXiv:2203.00296 [math.OC].
January 01, 1970
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In applied physics the concept of controlling self organized criticality refers to the control of processes by which a self organized system dissipates energy The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of energy dissipation bursts often called avalanches of self organized systems Dissipation of energy in a self organized critical system into a lower energy state can be costly for society since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of power law distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive 1 2 3 Contents 1 Schemes 2 Applications 3 See also 4 ReferencesSchemes editSeveral strategies have been proposed to deal with the issue of controlling self organized criticality The design of controlled avalanches Daniel O Cajueiro and Roberto F S Andrade show that if well formulated small and medium avalanches are exogenously triggered in the system the energy of the system is released in a way that large avalanches are rarer 1 2 3 The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads Charles D Brummitt Raissa M D Souza and E A Leicht show that the dynamics of self organized critical systems on complex networks depend on connectivity of the complex network They find that while some connectivity is beneficial since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system 4 The modification of the deposition process of the self organized system Pierre Andre Noel Charles D Brummitt and Raissa M D Souza show that it is possible to control the self organized system by modifying the natural deposition process of the self organized system adjusting the place where the avalanche starts 5 Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures In a model of an electric transmission network Heiko Hoffmann and David W Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines sort of like preventive maintenance or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self organized criticality 6 Apparently these strategies undermine the self organization of large critical clusters Here a critical cluster is a collection of transmission lines that are near the failure threshold and that collapse entirely if triggered Applications editThere are several events that arise in nature or society and that these ideas of control may help to avoid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Flood caused by systems of dams and reservoirs or interconnected valleys Snow avalanches that take place in snow hills Forest fires in areas susceptible to a lightning bolt or a match lighting Cascades of load shedding that take place in power grids a type of power outage The OPA model is used to study different techniques for criticality control Cascading failure in the internet switching fabric Ischemic cascades a series of biochemical reactions releasing toxins during moments of inadequate blood supply Systemic risk in financial systems Excursions in nuclear energy systems Earthquakes and induced seismicity The failure cascades in electrical transmission and financial sectors occur because economic forces that push for efficiency cause these systems to operate near a critical point where avalanches of indeterminate size become possible Financial investments that are vulnerable to this kind of failure may exhibit a Taleb distribution See also editAbelian sandpile model Complex networks Self organized criticalityReferences edit a b c D O Cajueiro and R F S Andrade 2010 Controlling self organized criticality in sandpile models Physical Review E 81 1 015102 R arXiv 1305 6648 Bibcode 2010PhRvE 81a5102C doi 10 1103 physreve 81 015102 PMID 20365422 S2CID 18171232 a b c D O Cajueiro and R F S Andrade 2010 Controlling self organized criticality in complex networks European Physical Journal B 77 2 291 296 arXiv 1305 6656 Bibcode 2010EPJB 77 291C doi 10 1140 epjb e2010 00229 8 S2CID 12891951 a b c D O Cajueiro and R F S Andrade 2010 Dynamical programming approach for controlling the directed Abelian Dhar Ramaswamy model Physical Review E 82 3 031108 arXiv 1305 6668 Bibcode 2010PhRvE 82c1108C doi 10 1103 physreve 82 031108 PMID 21230026 S2CID 32404046 a b C D Brummitt R M D Souza and E A Leicht 2012 Suppressing cascades of load in interdependent networks PNAS 109 12 E680 E689 arXiv 1106 4499 Bibcode 2012PNAS 109E 680B doi 10 1073 pnas 1110586109 PMC 3311366 PMID 22355144 a b P A Noel C D Brummitt and R M D Souza 2013 Controlling self organized criticality on networks using models that self organize Physical Review Letters 111 7 078701 arXiv 1305 1877 Bibcode 2013PhRvL 111g8701N doi 10 1103 physrevlett 111 078701 PMID 23992086 S2CID 108354 a b H Hoffmann and D W Payton 2014 Suppressing cascades in a self organized critical model with non contiguous spread of failures Chaos Solitons and Fractals 67 87 93 Bibcode 2014CSF 67 87H doi 10 1016 j chaos 2014 06 011 Stefanou Ioannis Tzortzopoulos Georgios 2022 05 23 Preventing instabilities and inducing controlled slow slip in frictionally unstable systems Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 127 7 e2021JB023410 Bibcode 2022JGRB 12723410S doi 10 1029 2021JB023410 ISSN 2169 9313 PMC 9290888 PMID 35875412 S2CID 249030294 Gutierrez Oribio Diego Tzortzopoulos Georgios Stefanou Ioannis Plestan Franck 2022 03 01 Earthquake Control An Emerging Application for Robust Control Theory and Experimental Tests arXiv 2203 00296 math OC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Self organized criticality control amp oldid 1217576040, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
