Self-Defense Forces (Kurdish: Hêzên Xweparastinê, abbreviated as HXP; Arabic: قوات الحماية الذاتية, romanized: Quwwāt al-ḥimāyati aḏ-ḏātiyyati, Classical Syriac: ܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܣܘܝܥܐ ܘܣܘܬܪܐ ܝܬܝܐ, romanized: Gushmo d'Suyo'o w'Sutoro Yothoyo) is a multi-ethnic territorial defense militia and the only conscripted armed force in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. As a self-defense force, manpower for the HXP is recruited locally.
Self-Defense Forces
قوات الحماية الذاتية Hêzên Xweparastinê ܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܣܘܝܥܐ ܘܣܘܬܪܐ ܝܬܝܐ
HXP militiamen with the organization's flag in the background.
The official name of the HXP in Kurdish is Hêzên Xweparastinê. But in HXP's logo of Afrin Canton, there is another Kurdish name "Hêza Parastina Xweser" which may be only used in this canton. In some Kurdish news, "Erka Xweparastinê" has been used to entitle HXP.
The main English translation of HXP is Self-Defense Forces. Another rare translation is Autonomous Protection Force (abbreviated as APF),[3] which often creates confusion that APF is a different armed force from HXP.
Conscription, training and service
HXP militiamen on parade.
An official of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria has stated that the self-defense duty "is not conscription" and that "it's a natural right to defend yourselves, if there is no protection, people will be eliminated and finished."[4] HXP has become the first and only armed force of conscription in Northeastern Syria.
The formation and conscription of the HXP is legally based on the self-defense duty laws (Kurdish: Erka Xweparastinê) of the different NES regions, which has been respectively approved by the Legislative Assembly (Kurdish: Meclîsa Zagonsaz) of every canton. According to the law, the Defense Council (Kurdish: Desteya Parastin) of each canton will open a center for Self-Defense Duty (Kurdish: Navenda Erka Xweparastinê) to register and recruit for the HXP.
The introduction of conscription has caused some tensions in Northeastern Syria. Some people attempt to escape the recruitment in different ways (for example, traveling abroad to Turkey and Iraq, not registering at the Centers for Self-Defense Duty). Thus the Asayish is ordered to arrest people who escape the self-defense duty and force them to undertake the duty. The conscription has also been criticized and rejected by Kurdish National Council, the main opposition party in Northeastern Syria.[5]
The recruits are to be trained by the YPG at the camps. The training generally lasts for 45 days,[4] but sometimes for 40 days (for example, the first session of HXP training in the Jazira canton lasts for 40 days) or for one month (like the first session of HXP training in the Afrin canton). The training includes military structure and tactics, ideology and interaction with civilians.[3] After training, the recruit will begin service in the HXP.
The HXP was initially formed in the Jazira Canton. The Jazira canton approved the self-defense duty law as early as on July 13, 2014. The first batch of HXP troops started training on October 11, 2014, and served as the foundation of the Self-Defense Forces.[7] After training for 40 days, the recruits graduated on November 20, 2014.[8]
In Afrin Canton, the self-defense duty law was introduced on 19 May 2015. And the first center for self-defense duty opened on 4 June.[7] After training for about one month, the first batch of HXP troops graduated on July 5.[9]
In July 2014, some news claimed that both the Jazira and Kobane cantons would introduce conscription.[10][11] But the introduction of the self-defense duty law and the opening of the Center didn't happen until June 4, 2016, in Kobane canton.[12] It is possible that the Kobane Canton attempted to introduce conscription as early as in July 2014, but had to suspend such an attempt for certain unknown reasons. The first batch of HXP troops were recruited on June 20, 2016, and graduated on July 25.[13]
Afrin's HXP forces fought against the Operation Olive Branch in early 2018, suffering heavy casualties in the process.[14]
Military Discipline Units
The HXP founded the Military Discipline Units (Kurdish: Yekîneyên Disiplîna Leşkerî, Arabic: وحدات الانضباط العسكري, romanized: Waḥdāt al-Inḍibāṭi al-'Askariyyi, Classical Syriac: ܚܕܘܬܐ ܕܣܘܕܪܐ ܓܝܣܝܐ, romanized: Ḥdowotho d'Sudoro Gaysoyo)[15] in July 2015. The main task of this force is to ensure military discipline, prevent arms smuggling and to protect military buildings.[16]
^News, ANF. ""Manbij operation will continue until ISIS is completely expelled"". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^J.O (5 February 2017). "Self-defense fighters join Wrath of Euphrates". Hawar News Agency.
^ ab"Kurds raise an army to defend new federal region – Middle East – News". Israelnationalnews.com. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^ ab. ARA News. 21 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-12-14. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^. ARA News. 10 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^Rojava News [@Rojava_News_] (23 May 2017). "Third batch of Special Forces consisting of 60 fighters graduate in the Self Defence Forces of Rojava, Efrîn canton…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ ab. Hawar News Agency (in Kurdish). 2015-07-24. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^. Adarpress.net. Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^pyd rojava [@PYD_Rojava] (5 July 2015). "L EFRÎNÊ DEWREYA YEKEM YA HÊZÊN PARASTINA XWESER DEST PÊKIR" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^"YPG's Mandatory Military Service Rattles Kurds — Syria Deeply". Newsdeeply.com. 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^. ARA News. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^. Hawar News Agency (in Kurdish). Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^ (in Kurdish). Hawar News Agency. 2016-07-25. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^"After continued and heavy shelling since Wednesday…the Turkish forces and the factions of Operation "Olive Branch" take the control of about half of the city of Afrin". SOHR. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
^. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
August 23, 2023
self, defense, forces, regions, self, defense, forces, kurdish, hêzên, xweparastinê, abbreviated, arabic, قوات, الحماية, الذاتية, romanized, quwwāt, ḥimāyati, aḏ, ḏātiyyati, classical, syriac, ܓܘܫܡܐ, ܕܣܘܝܥܐ, ܘܣܘܬܪܐ, ܝܬܝܐ, romanized, gushmo, suyo, sutoro, yotho. Self Defense Forces Kurdish Hezen Xweparastine abbreviated as HXP Arabic قوات الحماية الذاتية romanized Quwwat al ḥimayati aḏ ḏatiyyati Classical Syriac ܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܣܘܝܥܐ ܘܣܘܬܪܐ ܝܬܝܐ romanized Gushmo d Suyo o w Sutoro Yothoyo is a multi ethnic territorial defense militia and the only conscripted armed force in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria As a self defense force manpower for the HXP is recruited locally Self Defense Forcesقوات الحماية الذاتية Hezen Xweparastine ܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܣܘܝܥܐ ܘܣܘܬܪܐ ܝܬܝܐHXP militiamen with the organization s flag in the background Active11 October 2014 presentCountrySyriaAllegianceAutonomous Administration of North and East Syria Regions of North and East SyriaTypeMilitiaEngagementsSyrian Civil War Eastern al Hasakah offensive Tishrin Dam offensive Al Shaddadi offensive 2016 Northern Aleppo offensive February 2016 Manbij offensive 1 Raqqa offensive 2016 present 2 Deir ez Zor offensive September 2017 present Operation Olive BranchCommandersCommander in ChiefRenas Roza Contents 1 Name and translation 2 Conscription training and service 3 History in different cantons 4 Military Discipline Units 5 See also 6 ReferencesName and translation EditThe official name of the HXP in Kurdish is Hezen Xweparastine But in HXP s logo of Afrin Canton there is another Kurdish name Heza Parastina Xweser which may be only used in this canton In some Kurdish news Erka Xweparastine has been used to entitle HXP The main English translation of HXP is Self Defense Forces Another rare translation is Autonomous Protection Force abbreviated as APF 3 which often creates confusion that APF is a different armed force from HXP Conscription training and service Edit HXP militiamen on parade An official of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria has stated that the self defense duty is not conscription and that it s a natural right to defend yourselves if there is no protection people will be eliminated and finished 4 HXP has become the first and only armed force of conscription in Northeastern Syria The formation and conscription of the HXP is legally based on the self defense duty laws Kurdish Erka Xweparastine of the different NES regions which has been respectively approved by the Legislative Assembly Kurdish Meclisa Zagonsaz of every canton According to the law the Defense Council Kurdish Desteya Parastin of each canton will open a center for Self Defense Duty Kurdish Navenda Erka Xweparastine to register and recruit for the HXP The introduction of conscription has caused some tensions in Northeastern Syria Some people attempt to escape the recruitment in different ways for example traveling abroad to Turkey and Iraq not registering at the Centers for Self Defense Duty Thus the Asayish is ordered to arrest people who escape the self defense duty and force them to undertake the duty The conscription has also been criticized and rejected by Kurdish National Council the main opposition party in Northeastern Syria 5 The recruits are to be trained by the YPG at the camps The training generally lasts for 45 days 4 but sometimes for 40 days for example the first session of HXP training in the Jazira canton lasts for 40 days or for one month like the first session of HXP training in the Afrin canton The training includes military structure and tactics ideology and interaction with civilians 3 After training the recruit will begin service in the HXP The HXP also maintain a special forces unit 6 History in different cantons Edit HXP militiamen of Afrin Canton The HXP was initially formed in the Jazira Canton The Jazira canton approved the self defense duty law as early as on July 13 2014 The first batch of HXP troops started training on October 11 2014 and served as the foundation of the Self Defense Forces 7 After training for 40 days the recruits graduated on November 20 2014 8 In Afrin Canton the self defense duty law was introduced on 19 May 2015 And the first center for self defense duty opened on 4 June 7 After training for about one month the first batch of HXP troops graduated on July 5 9 In July 2014 some news claimed that both the Jazira and Kobane cantons would introduce conscription 10 11 But the introduction of the self defense duty law and the opening of the Center didn t happen until June 4 2016 in Kobane canton 12 It is possible that the Kobane Canton attempted to introduce conscription as early as in July 2014 but had to suspend such an attempt for certain unknown reasons The first batch of HXP troops were recruited on June 20 2016 and graduated on July 25 13 Afrin s HXP forces fought against the Operation Olive Branch in early 2018 suffering heavy casualties in the process 14 Military Discipline Units EditThe HXP founded the Military Discipline Units Kurdish Yekineyen Disiplina Leskeri Arabic وحدات الانضباط العسكري romanized Waḥdat al Inḍibaṭi al Askariyyi Classical Syriac ܚܕܘܬܐ ܕܣܘܕܪܐ ܓܝܣܝܐ romanized Ḥdowotho d Sudoro Gaysoyo 15 in July 2015 The main task of this force is to ensure military discipline prevent arms smuggling and to protect military buildings 16 See also EditSyrian Democratic Forces List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil WarReferences Edit News ANF Manbij operation will continue until ISIS is completely expelled a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help J O 5 February 2017 Self defense fighters join Wrath of Euphrates Hawar News Agency a b Kurds raise an army to defend new federal region Middle East News Israelnationalnews com 21 April 2016 Retrieved 2017 01 14 a b Kurds launch conscription campaign to protect Kobane from ISIS attacks ARA News 21 June 2016 Archived from the original on 2017 12 14 Retrieved 2017 01 14 All parties to conflict in Syria using force to recruit young men ARA News 10 May 2016 Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 Rojava News Rojava News 23 May 2017 Third batch of Special Forces consisting of 60 fighters graduate in the Self Defence Forces of Rojava Efrin canton Tweet via Twitter a b Heza Erka Xweparstine mezin dibe Hawar News Agency in Kurdish 2015 07 24 Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 The Graduation of the First Session of the Self Defense Forces in Jazeera Canton Adarpress net Archived from the original on 2017 09 20 Retrieved 2017 01 14 pyd rojava PYD Rojava 5 July 2015 L EFRINE DEWREYA YEKEM YA HEZEN PARASTINA XWESER DEST PEKIR Tweet via Twitter YPG s Mandatory Military Service Rattles Kurds Syria Deeply Newsdeeply com 2016 04 22 Retrieved 2017 01 14 PYD to enforce conscription law in Syria s Kobane ARA News 24 July 2014 Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 Navenda Erka xweparastine li Kobane hat vekirin Hawar News Agency in Kurdish Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 Kobane yekem dewreya Xweparastine bidawi kir in Kurdish Hawar News Agency 2016 07 25 Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 14 After continued and heavy shelling since Wednesday the Turkish forces and the factions of Operation Olive Branch take the control of about half of the city of Afrin SOHR 18 March 2018 Retrieved 18 March 2018 https www facebook com ddisiplin leskeri hc ref SEARCH amp fref nf user generated source Yekem dewreya yekineyen displina leskeri destpe kir ANHA Archived from the original on 2017 10 10 Retrieved 2017 05 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Self Defense Forces NES regions amp oldid 1143166607, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
