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Second Battle of Târgu Frumos

May 04, 2023

The Second Battle of Târgu Frumos was a military engagement primarily between the Wehrmacht and Red Army forces in May 1944, near Iași, Romania. The battle was the main engagement of the Târgu Frumos Operation, and is often referred simply as the Battle of Târgu Frumos.

Battle of Târgu Frumos
Part of Soviet-German War, World War II

Advance of the Red Army 1943 - 1944
Date2–8 May 1944[1]
Location
Eastern Romania
Result Axis victory
Belligerents
 Germany
 Romania		  Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Ferdinand Schoerner
Mihai Racoviță		 Ivan Konev
Units involved
8th Army
4th Army

Main Shock Group

Northern Shock Group

Casualties and losses
unknown unknown

Military historian David Glantz claims the battle was part of what he termed First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive, resulted from a Stavka order to the forces of the 2nd & 3rd Ukrainian Fronts to commence a coordinated invasion of Romania. It was directed towards Iași with a secondary objective of establishing bridgeheads across the Prut river.[2]

The battle was only briefly described by Soviet historians.[3] Recently, Russian historians have begun describing this as a distinct battle. For example, the four volume Great Patriotic War (1998) prepared for the Russian Federation states:

Thus, during the Târgu-Frumos operation, the 2nd Ukrainian Front's forces tried unsuccessfully to complete a deep penetration of the enemy's defense and reach the territory between the Prut & Siret Rivers. By order of the Stavka, they themselves went over to the defensive along existing lines on 6 May.... The several attempts by the 3rd Ukrainian Front's armies to conduct attacks from their Dnestr bridgeheads & seize new bridgeheads also led to nothing.[4]

According to accounts by Hasso von Manteuffel, one of the two German division commanders, and Ferdinand Maria von Senger und Etterlin the German forces defeated a Soviet offensive by the 2nd Ukrainian Front that was expected to be a precursor of a much larger offensive in Northern Ukraine.[5] The battle of Târgu Frumos has been used as a case study in officer tactical education in the United States Army and other armies, teaching how a mobile defense can defeat an armoured spearhead. There are however questions about the accounts by the two German officers, relating to the failure to include Romanian forces into their account.[citation needed]

Prelude

Main article: First Battle of Târgu Frumos

During April 1944 a series of offensives by the Red Army, including in the Iaşi sector, was intended to deceive OKH as to the real time and place of the major offensive planned in Belorussia. The German-Romanian forces successfully defended against the local limited objective attacks throughout the month of April. The attack aiming at Târgu Frumos was the initial attempt by the Red Army to achieve its goal of deceiving the OKH, and testing the Axis defenses in Romania while preventing movement of reserves to the Belorussian sector of the Eastern Front.[6]

It had been thought that May Day, the traditional workers' day of celebration, would see the opening of a new assault by the Soviet forces. But the offensive re-opened on 2 May heralding three shattering and unceasing days and nights of combat. Behind a sixty-minute drum fire at dawn, two Soviet armies moved into an attack.[7]

The battle

The battle of Târgu Frumos was a series of engagements and smaller combats over several days during which armoured forces of the Wehrmacht LVII Panzer Corps, in particular of the Grossdeutschland Division and 24th Panzer Division, engaged the Red Army's 16th Tank Corps of the 2nd Tank Army, which was also attacking from the north.

One unit's experience in the opening hours of the battle was described as such:

(1st Battalion), P(an)z(er)Gr(enadier) R(e)g(imen)t G(ross)D(eutschland) and its Romanian allies occupied a well wired-in and T-Mine-strewn line running to the right of 3. SS-Pz.Div. "Totenkopf's" positions. The Soviets advanced in great waves, their tanks and infantry mixed together. Moving much faster than the Germans had anticipated, they overwhelmed...(the 1st Company), wiping it out to the last man. While (the) temporary battalion commander...attempted to halt and repulse the Soviets with what was left of his battalion, the Romanians to the left of (the 2nd Company) cowered in their trenches like "herrings", as (the) company commander...later recounted. Indeed, the Romanians seemed to have reached an unofficial cease fire with the enemy. That night the Luftwaffe succeeded in mounting an air strike in the enemy rear area, to no avail. The next morning the Soviets resumed their attack, preceding it with a bombardment of phosphorus shells. Over 100 enemy tanks and assault guns advanced against (the 3rd Platoon). With his Romanian artillery remaining inactive, (the 3rd Platoon of the 2nd Company) could count only on the support of three...(assault guns) and the four 15cm Nebelwerfer multiple rocket launchers of (the 10th Company, Panzer Artillery Regiment Grossdeutschland). (The 2nd Company) was soon back to the Nebelwerfer's position where it formed a 'hedgehog' defense...and a handful of...men then managed to gain the temporary safety of the railway embankment in their rear. His battalion scattered, (the 1st Battalion commander) sent (the 2nd Company commander) with four SPWs to cover the wide open left flank, completely vulnerable when the Romanians abandoned their positions. Although the enemy had not made any deep penetrations, the tension of the past two days had exhausted the Panzergrenadiers. "Suddenly...four T-34s were in among the SPWs when, as if by magic, tanks and assault guns of the SS-Division "Totenkopf" appeared. Before a single T-34 could train its gun, all had received direct hits." Immediately thereafter Oberst Hans-Ulrich Rudel's Ju 87 Stukas led off a counter thrust by "Totenkopf's" Panzerregiment, accompanied by...four SPWs. The Panzergrenadiers took a measure of revenge for what they had endured over the past 48 hours...before being pulled out of the line to regroup and refit.[8]

Despite initial successes of the Soviet attack, a series of counter-attacks managed to halt the Soviet offensive.[9] The battle reduced Soviet tank strength to a point where a continued attack into Romania was not possible. In the three days of fighting, the Wehrmacht LVII Panzer Corps (mainly Grossdeutschland and 24th Panzer Division) and LII Army Corps defeated the Soviet force and claimed the destruction of over 350 Soviet tanks, ca. 100 of these claimed by 24th Panzer Division.[citation needed] During the battle, Hasso von Manteuffel, commander of the Grossdeutschland division, first encountered the new Soviet Stalin tank, "It was at Târgu Frumos that I first met the Stalin tanks. It was a shock to find that, although my Tigers began to hit them at a range of 3,000 metres, our shells bounced off, and did not penetrate them until we had closed to half that distance. But I was able to counter the Russians' superiority by manoeuvre and mobility, in making the best use of ground cover."[10] Manteuffel also noted that the Stalin tanks had several "disadvantages: slow, not manoeuvrable enough; as well, in my opinion their crews were not sufficiently familiar with the tank."[11]

Historiography

Soviet sources make few references to the battle. Historian David Glantz has found some mention of operations in Romania in April and May 1944 in divisional histories. The main source for him is the Soviet 2d Tank Army's history, where a direct reference to the battle is found. It states that in late March 1944, the tank army was shifted into the sector of 27th Army with the mission of "attacking in the direction of Focuri and Podul-Iloaei. Subsequently, the army was to strike a blow toward the city of Yassy and secure it."[citation needed]

In the narrative on follow-on operations by the Tank Army it is stated that it attacked together with 27th Army’s 35th Rifle Corps. It also claims that the 3rd Tank Corps reached Târgu Frumos, but was repulsed by the German counterattacks. The 16th Tank Corps identified by the German officers appears not to be mentioned in the account.[12]

Despite German claims that the Soviet attack was a full-fledged offensive, it appears now that the battle of Târgu Frumos was a relatively small-scale operation in the context of 1944's fighting on the Eastern Front, even though a Soviet success would have put the Red Army into a much stronger position for its eventual attack into Romania.[13]

Aftermath

At the end of the Battle of Târgu Frumos the frontline stabilised. However, it was from these positions that the Soviets launched the successful Jassy–Kishinev Offensive in late August 1944.

On a political level, the battle accelerated the activities of anti-German forces in Romania, leading to negotiations between the traditional political parties and the Romanian Communist Party, represented by Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu.[14]

Formations involved

Soviet

German

Romanian

  • 4th Romanian Army (Ioan Mihail Racoviță)
    • I Romanian Army Corps
      • 8th Infantry Division
      • 6th Infantry Division
    • IV Romanian Army Corps
  • 1st Air Corps
    • 5th Bomber Group
    • 8th Assault Group (flying German Hs 129 ground attack planes)
    • 9th Fighter Group

Notes

  1. ^ Glantz 2007, pp. 215–74
  2. ^ Glantz, Summer offensive 1944, pp.355-356
  3. ^ (in Russian) Ivan Konev, Записки командующего фронтом 1943-1944, pp 205-221; Olma Media Group, 2003, ISBN 5-94850-062-4
  4. ^ Glantz, 'Red Storm Over the Balkans - The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania, Spring 1944, University Press of Kansas 2007 page 371
  5. ^ Glantz, Art of war, p.239
  6. ^ Glantz, Summer offensive 1944, pp.348-362
  7. ^ Lucas, James Germany's Elite Panzer Force: Grossdeutschland (MacDonald And Jane's Publishers, Ltd., London, 1978 ISBN 0-354-01165-0)
  8. ^ McGuirl, Thomas and Remy Spezzano God, Honor, Fatherland: A Photo History of Panzergrenadier Division Grossdeutschland on the Eastern Front 1942-44
  9. ^ "With the first attack defeated the Soviet main effort then swung to another flank but Grossdeutschland beat that into the ground." Lucas, op.cit.
  10. ^ Liddell Hart, Basil, The Other Side Of The Hill p 132 (Cassell and Company Ltd., London, 1948 ISBN 0-330-26992-5)
  11. ^ Spaeter, p.324
  12. ^ Glantz, D. Slaughterhouse
  13. ^ Glantz, D. Slaughterhouse; Historians are thus left with the question of whether the Soviet offensive was a major effort to penetrate into Romania or simply a local assault to improve the Soviet operational posture and opportunities for a renewed offensive in the future. The Germans maintain it was the former. This author has argued that it was the latter and was also associated with deception planning for future operations in Belarus (to fix the future presence of 2nd Tank Army in Romania, while it was shortly moved elsewhere). Only further release of Soviet archival materials will settle this long-standing debate.
  14. ^ Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003, p. 86. ISBN 0-520-23747-1
  15. ^ Glantz, 'Red Storm Over the Balkans - The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania, Spring 1944, University Press of Kansas 2007 pp.36-48

References

Secondary Print

  • Axworthy, Mark review of "Red Storm Over the Balkans: The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania, Spring 1944", by David M. Glantz 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Military History, October 2007, vol. 71 I(4), 1282–1283.
  • Glantz, David M.,Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War, Frank Cass, London, (1989) ISBN 0-7146-3347-X
  • Glantz, David M., House, Jonathan When Titans Clashed (1995)
  • David M. Glantz (2007). Red Storm over the Balkans: The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania, Spring 1944 (Modern War Studies). Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1465-3.
  • Lucas, James Germany's Elite Panzer Force: Grossdeutschland (MacDonald And Jane's Publishers, Ltd., London, 1978 ISBN 0-354-01165-0)
  • Spaeter, Helmuth History of the Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland Volume 2 (J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Winnipeg, MB, 1995 ISBN 978-0-921991-27-4) English translation by David Johnston.
  • Ziemke, E.F. ‘Stalingrad to Berlin'

Primary Print

  • Truppendienst Taschenbuch Band 16, Published by Arbeitsgemeinschaft Truppendienst Vienna 1971
  • From the Dnepr to the Vistula: Soviet Offensive Operations - November 1943 - August 1944. 1985 Art of War symposium, A transcript of Proceedings, COL. D.M Glantz ed., Center for Land Warfare, US Army War College, 29–3 May 1985

Online

  • Axis History Forum Let's Build Targul Frumos Discussion
  • Narod.ru articles on history of Red Army 89th Guards Rifle and 180th Rifle Divisions
  • worldwar2.ro article on Romanian 8th Assault Group

May 04, 2023
second, battle, târgu, frumos, examples, perspective, this, article, deal, primarily, with, germany, represent, worldwide, view, subject, improve, this, article, discuss, issue, talk, page, create, article, appropriate, december, 2010, learn, when, remove, thi. The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Germany and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate December 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Second Battle of Targu Frumos was a military engagement primarily between the Wehrmacht and Red Army forces in May 1944 near Iași Romania The battle was the main engagement of the Targu Frumos Operation and is often referred simply as the Battle of Targu Frumos Battle of Targu FrumosPart of Soviet German War World War IIAdvance of the Red Army 1943 1944Date2 8 May 1944 1 LocationEastern RomaniaResultAxis victoryBelligerents Germany Romania Soviet UnionCommanders and leadersFerdinand Schoerner Mihai RacovițăIvan KonevUnits involved8th Army 4th ArmyMain Shock Group 2nd Tank Army 27th Army 40th ArmyNorthern Shock Group 6th Tank Army 52nd ArmyCasualties and lossesunknownunknown Military historian David Glantz claims the battle was part of what he termed First Jassy Kishinev Offensive resulted from a Stavka order to the forces of the 2nd amp 3rd Ukrainian Fronts to commence a coordinated invasion of Romania It was directed towards Iași with a secondary objective of establishing bridgeheads across the Prut river 2 The battle was only briefly described by Soviet historians 3 Recently Russian historians have begun describing this as a distinct battle For example the four volume Great Patriotic War 1998 prepared for the Russian Federation states Thus during the Targu Frumos operation the 2nd Ukrainian Front s forces tried unsuccessfully to complete a deep penetration of the enemy s defense and reach the territory between the Prut amp Siret Rivers By order of the Stavka they themselves went over to the defensive along existing lines on 6 May The several attempts by the 3rd Ukrainian Front s armies to conduct attacks from their Dnestr bridgeheads amp seize new bridgeheads also led to nothing 4 According to accounts by Hasso von Manteuffel one of the two German division commanders and Ferdinand Maria von Senger und Etterlin the German forces defeated a Soviet offensive by the 2nd Ukrainian Front that was expected to be a precursor of a much larger offensive in Northern Ukraine 5 The battle of Targu Frumos has been used as a case study in officer tactical education in the United States Army and other armies teaching how a mobile defense can defeat an armoured spearhead There are however questions about the accounts by the two German officers relating to the failure to include Romanian forces into their account citation needed Contents 1 Prelude 2 The battle 3 Historiography 4 Aftermath 5 Formations involved 5 1 Soviet 5 2 German 5 3 Romanian 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Secondary Print 7 2 Primary Print 7 3 OnlinePrelude EditMain article First Battle of Targu Frumos During April 1944 a series of offensives by the Red Army including in the Iasi sector was intended to deceive OKH as to the real time and place of the major offensive planned in Belorussia The German Romanian forces successfully defended against the local limited objective attacks throughout the month of April The attack aiming at Targu Frumos was the initial attempt by the Red Army to achieve its goal of deceiving the OKH and testing the Axis defenses in Romania while preventing movement of reserves to the Belorussian sector of the Eastern Front 6 It had been thought that May Day the traditional workers day of celebration would see the opening of a new assault by the Soviet forces But the offensive re opened on 2 May heralding three shattering and unceasing days and nights of combat Behind a sixty minute drum fire at dawn two Soviet armies moved into an attack 7 The battle EditThe battle of Targu Frumos was a series of engagements and smaller combats over several days during which armoured forces of the Wehrmacht LVII Panzer Corps in particular of the Grossdeutschland Division and 24th Panzer Division engaged the Red Army s 16th Tank Corps of the 2nd Tank Army which was also attacking from the north One unit s experience in the opening hours of the battle was described as such 1st Battalion P an z er Gr enadier R e g imen t G ross D eutschland and its Romanian allies occupied a well wired in and T Mine strewn line running to the right of 3 SS Pz Div Totenkopf s positions The Soviets advanced in great waves their tanks and infantry mixed together Moving much faster than the Germans had anticipated they overwhelmed the 1st Company wiping it out to the last man While the temporary battalion commander attempted to halt and repulse the Soviets with what was left of his battalion the Romanians to the left of the 2nd Company cowered in their trenches like herrings as the company commander later recounted Indeed the Romanians seemed to have reached an unofficial cease fire with the enemy That night the Luftwaffe succeeded in mounting an air strike in the enemy rear area to no avail The next morning the Soviets resumed their attack preceding it with a bombardment of phosphorus shells Over 100 enemy tanks and assault guns advanced against the 3rd Platoon With his Romanian artillery remaining inactive the 3rd Platoon of the 2nd Company could count only on the support of three assault guns and the four 15cm Nebelwerfer multiple rocket launchers of the 10th Company Panzer Artillery Regiment Grossdeutschland The 2nd Company was soon back to the Nebelwerfer s position where it formed a hedgehog defense and a handful of men then managed to gain the temporary safety of the railway embankment in their rear His battalion scattered the 1st Battalion commander sent the 2nd Company commander with four SPWs to cover the wide open left flank completely vulnerable when the Romanians abandoned their positions Although the enemy had not made any deep penetrations the tension of the past two days had exhausted the Panzergrenadiers Suddenly four T 34s were in among the SPWs when as if by magic tanks and assault guns of the SS Division Totenkopf appeared Before a single T 34 could train its gun all had received direct hits Immediately thereafter Oberst Hans Ulrich Rudel s Ju 87 Stukas led off a counter thrust by Totenkopf s Panzerregiment accompanied by four SPWs The Panzergrenadiers took a measure of revenge for what they had endured over the past 48 hours before being pulled out of the line to regroup and refit 8 Despite initial successes of the Soviet attack a series of counter attacks managed to halt the Soviet offensive 9 The battle reduced Soviet tank strength to a point where a continued attack into Romania was not possible In the three days of fighting the Wehrmacht LVII Panzer Corps mainly Grossdeutschland and 24th Panzer Division and LII Army Corps defeated the Soviet force and claimed the destruction of over 350 Soviet tanks ca 100 of these claimed by 24th Panzer Division citation needed During the battle Hasso von Manteuffel commander of the Grossdeutschland division first encountered the new Soviet Stalin tank It was at Targu Frumos that I first met the Stalin tanks It was a shock to find that although my Tigers began to hit them at a range of 3 000 metres our shells bounced off and did not penetrate them until we had closed to half that distance But I was able to counter the Russians superiority by manoeuvre and mobility in making the best use of ground cover 10 Manteuffel also noted that the Stalin tanks had several disadvantages slow not manoeuvrable enough as well in my opinion their crews were not sufficiently familiar with the tank 11 Historiography EditSoviet sources make few references to the battle Historian David Glantz has found some mention of operations in Romania in April and May 1944 in divisional histories The main source for him is the Soviet 2d Tank Army s history where a direct reference to the battle is found It states that in late March 1944 the tank army was shifted into the sector of 27th Army with the mission of attacking in the direction of Focuri and Podul Iloaei Subsequently the army was to strike a blow toward the city of Yassy and secure it citation needed In the narrative on follow on operations by the Tank Army it is stated that it attacked together with 27th Army s 35th Rifle Corps It also claims that the 3rd Tank Corps reached Targu Frumos but was repulsed by the German counterattacks The 16th Tank Corps identified by the German officers appears not to be mentioned in the account 12 Despite German claims that the Soviet attack was a full fledged offensive it appears now that the battle of Targu Frumos was a relatively small scale operation in the context of 1944 s fighting on the Eastern Front even though a Soviet success would have put the Red Army into a much stronger position for its eventual attack into Romania 13 Aftermath EditAt the end of the Battle of Targu Frumos the frontline stabilised However it was from these positions that the Soviets launched the successful Jassy Kishinev Offensive in late August 1944 On a political level the battle accelerated the activities of anti German forces in Romania leading to negotiations between the traditional political parties and the Romanian Communist Party represented by Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 14 Formations involved EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Soviet Edit 2nd Ukrainian Front Ivan Konev Main Shock Group Tirgu Frumos Axis 27th Army Sergei Trofimenko 35th Guards Rifle Corps 3rd Guards Airborne Division 93rd Guards Rifle Division 202nd Rifle Division 206th Rifle Division 33rd Rifle Corps 78th Rifle Division 180th Rifle Division 337th Rifle Division 40th Army Filipp Zhmachenko 50th Rifle Corps 4th Guards Rifle Division 133rd Rifle Division 163rd Rifle Division 51st Rifle Corps 42nd Guards Rifle Division 74th Rifle Division 232nd Rifle Division 104th Rifle Corps 38th Rifle Division 240th Rifle Division 2nd Tank Army Semyon Bogdanov 3rd Tank Corps 50 Tanks 50th Tank Brigade 51st Tank Brigade 103rd Tank Brigade 57th Motorized Rifle Brigade 16th Tank Corps 55 Tanks 107th Tank Brigade 109th Tank Brigade 164th Tank Brigade 154th Motorized Rifle Brigade 11th Guards Tank Brigade 16 Tanks 8th Guards Separate Tank Regiment 13th Guards Separate Tank Regiment Northern Shock Group N of Iasi Secondary Operations 52nd Army Konstantin Koroteyev 78th Rifle Corps 252nd Rifle Division 303rd Rifle Division 373rd Rifle Division 73rd Rifle Corps 31st Rifle Division 254th Rifle Division 294th Rifle Division 116th Rifle Division Army Reserve 6th Tank Army Andrei Kravchenko 5th Mechanised Corps 20 30 Tanks 5th Guards Tank CorpsGerman Edit Army Group South Ukraine Ferdinand Schorner 8th Army Otto Wohler LVII Panzer Corps Friedrich Kirchner Grossdeutschland Division 23rd Panzer Division Battle group of 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf IV Armeecorps Group Mieth Friedrich Mieth 46th Infantry Division Wehrmacht 24th Panzer Division Army Reserve Romanian Edit 4th Romanian Army Ioan Mihail Racoviță I Romanian Army Corps 8th Infantry Division 6th Infantry Division IV Romanian Army Corps 7th Infantry Division 1st Guards Division 18th Mountain Division 3rd Infantry Division 15 failed verification 1st Air Corps 5th Bomber Group 8th Assault Group flying German Hs 129 ground attack planes 9th Fighter GroupNotes Edit Glantz 2007 pp 215 74 Glantz Summer offensive 1944 pp 355 356 in Russian Ivan Konev Zapiski komanduyushego frontom 1943 1944 pp 205 221 Olma Media Group 2003 ISBN 5 94850 062 4 Glantz Red Storm Over the Balkans The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania Spring 1944 University Press of Kansas 2007 page 371 Glantz Art of war p 239 Glantz Summer offensive 1944 pp 348 362 Lucas James Germany s Elite Panzer Force Grossdeutschland MacDonald And Jane s Publishers Ltd London 1978 ISBN 0 354 01165 0 McGuirl Thomas and Remy Spezzano God Honor Fatherland A Photo History of Panzergrenadier Division Grossdeutschland on the Eastern Front 1942 44 With the first attack defeated the Soviet main effort then swung to another flank but Grossdeutschland beat that into the ground Lucas op cit Liddell Hart Basil The Other Side Of The Hill p 132 Cassell and Company Ltd London 1948 ISBN 0 330 26992 5 Spaeter p 324 Glantz D Slaughterhouse Glantz D Slaughterhouse Historians are thus left with the question of whether the Soviet offensive was a major effort to penetrate into Romania or simply a local assault to improve the Soviet operational posture and opportunities for a renewed offensive in the future The Germans maintain it was the former This author has argued that it was the latter and was also associated with deception planning for future operations in Belarus to fix the future presence of 2nd Tank Army in Romania while it was shortly moved elsewhere Only further release of Soviet archival materials will settle this long standing debate Vladimir Tismăneanu Stalinism for All Seasons A Political History of Romanian Communism University of California Press Berkeley 2003 p 86 ISBN 0 520 23747 1 Glantz Red Storm Over the Balkans The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania Spring 1944 University Press of Kansas 2007 pp 36 48References EditSecondary Print Edit Axworthy Mark review of Red Storm Over the Balkans The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania Spring 1944 by David M Glantz Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Military History October 2007 vol 71 I 4 1282 1283 Glantz David M Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War Frank Cass London 1989 ISBN 0 7146 3347 X Glantz David M House Jonathan When Titans Clashed 1995 David M Glantz 2007 Red Storm over the Balkans The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania Spring 1944 Modern War Studies Lawrence University Press of Kansas ISBN 978 0 7006 1465 3 Lucas James Germany s Elite Panzer Force Grossdeutschland MacDonald And Jane s Publishers Ltd London 1978 ISBN 0 354 01165 0 Spaeter Helmuth History of the Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland Volume 2 J J Fedorowicz Publishing Winnipeg MB 1995 ISBN 978 0 921991 27 4 English translation by David Johnston Ziemke E F Stalingrad to Berlin Primary Print Edit Truppendienst Taschenbuch Band 16 Published by Arbeitsgemeinschaft Truppendienst Vienna 1971 From the Dnepr to the Vistula Soviet Offensive Operations November 1943 August 1944 1985 Art of War symposium A transcript of Proceedings COL D M Glantz ed Center for Land Warfare US Army War College 29 3 May 1985Online Edit Axis History Forum Let s Build Targul Frumos Discussion Aberjona Press Excerpt from Slaughterhouse covering Targul Frumos Narod ru articles on history of Red Army 89th Guards Rifle and 180th Rifle Divisions worldwar2 ro article on Romanian 8th Assault Group Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Second Battle of Targu Frumos amp oldid 1146546729, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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