Sara Jane Moore
Sara Jane Moore (née Kahn; born February 15, 1930) is an American criminal who attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1975.[1][2] She was given a life sentence for the attempted assassination and was released from prison on December 31, 2007, after serving 32 years. Moore and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme are the only two women to have attempted to assassinate an American president; both of their attempts were on Gerald Ford and both took place in California within three weeks of one another.
Sara Jane Moore | |
|---|---|
| Born | Sara Jane Kahn February 15, 1930 |
| Occupation | Accountant |
| Criminal status | Paroled |
| Conviction(s) | Attempted assassination of the President of the United States (18 U.S.C. § 1751) |
| Criminal penalty | Life imprisonment |
Background Edit
Moore was born in Charleston, West Virginia, the daughter of Ruth (née Moore) and Olaf Kahn.[3] Her paternal grandparents were German immigrants.[4] Moore had been a nursing school student, Women's Army Corps recruit, and accountant. Divorced five times, she had four children before she turned to revolutionary politics in 1975.[5][6] Moore comes from a Christian background.[4] She later began practicing Judaism.[7]
Moore's friends said that she had a fascination and an obsession with Patricia Hearst.[8] After Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), her father Randolph Hearst created the organization People In Need (PIN) to feed the poor as a response to the SLA's claims that the elder Hearst was "committing 'crimes' against 'the people'".[8] Moore, a volunteer bookkeeper for PIN, had been serving as an FBI informant[5][8][9] there until the moment she attempted to assassinate Ford.
Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford Edit
Moore had been evaluated by the Secret Service earlier in 1975, but agents decided that she posed no danger to the president.[10] She had been picked up by police on an illegal-handgun charge the day before the Ford incident, but was released. The police confiscated her .44 caliber revolver and 113 rounds of ammunition.
Moore's assassination attempt took place in San Francisco on September 22, 1975, just 17 days after Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme's attempted assassination of Ford. She was standing in the crowd across the street from the St. Francis Hotel, and was about 40 feet (12 m) away from Ford[11] when she fired a single shot at him with a .38 caliber revolver.[2] She was using a gun she bought in haste that same morning and did not know the sights were 15 cm (6 inches) off the point-of-impact at that distance, and she narrowly missed.[12]
After realizing she had missed, Moore raised her arm again, and Oliver Sipple, a former Marine, dived toward her and grabbed her arm, possibly saving Ford's life.[13][14] Sipple said at the time: "I saw [her gun] pointed out there and I grabbed for it. [...] I lunged and grabbed the woman's arm and the gun went off."[15] The bullet from the second shot ricocheted and hit John Ludwig, a 42-year-old taxi driver. Ludwig survived.[16] U.S. District Judge Samuel Conti, who sentenced Moore, voiced his opinion that Moore would have killed Ford had she had her own gun, and it was only "because her gun was faulty" that the president's life was spared.[12]
Trial and imprisonment Edit
Moore pleaded guilty[17] to attempted assassination and was sentenced to life in prison.[18][19] At her sentencing hearing Moore stated: "Am I sorry I tried? Yes and no. Yes, because it accomplished little except to throw away the rest of my life. And, no, I'm not sorry I tried, because at the time it seemed a correct expression of my anger."[20] She served her term at the federal women's prison in Dublin, California, where she worked in the UNICOR prison labor program for $1.25 per hour as the Lead Inmate Operating Accountant.[11][21] Moore had the Federal Bureau of Prisons register number 04851-180.[22]
In 1979 she escaped but was captured hours later.[23]
In an interview in 2004, former President Ford described Moore as "off her mind" and said that he continued making public appearances, even after two attempts on his life within such a short time, because "a president has to be aggressive, has to meet the people."[24]
Release Edit
On December 31, 2007, at age 77, Moore was slated to be released from prison on parole after serving 32 years of her life sentence. Ford had died from natural causes on December 26, 2006, one year and five days before her release. Moore had later stated that she regretted the assassination attempt, saying she was "blinded by her radical political views".[25][26] Moore was released under a federal law that makes parole mandatory for inmates who have served at least 30 years of a life sentence and have maintained a satisfactory disciplinary record. When asked about her crime in an interview, Moore stated, "I am very glad I did not succeed. I know now that I was wrong to try."[27]
In February 2019, Moore was arrested for violating her parole by failing to tell her parole officer of a trip out of the country; she was subsequently released in August 2019.[28]
Media Edit
On May 28, 2009, Moore appeared on NBC's Today program, her first television appearance since leaving prison on parole.[29]
Moore also discussed her 1979 escape from prison. She revealed that an inmate told her, "when jumping the fence just put your hand on the barbed wire, you'll only have a few puncture wounds." She went on to say, "If I knew that I was going to be captured several hours later, I would have stopped at the local bar just to get a drink and a burger."[23]
Excerpts from an interview with Moore by Latif Nasser appear on an episode of the radio program Radiolab titled "Oliver Sipple", which was released on September 22, 2017. In the interview, Moore discusses the scene from the day she attempted to assassinate President Ford and her perspective of being stopped by Oliver Sipple.[30]
In popular culture Edit
Moore's story is one of nine assassins starring in Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's musical Assassins. Moore, John Wilkes Booth, Charles J. Guiteau and Leon Czolgosz appear in "The Gun Song".
A biography of Moore called Taking Aim at the President was published in 2009 by Geri Spieler, a writer who had a correspondence with Moore for 28 years.[31][32]
References Edit
- ^ "CBS Evening News for Thursday, September 25, 1975". Vanderbilt Television News Archive. Vanderbilt University. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ a b "President Ford survives second assassination attempt". This Day In History. The History Channel. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Kentucky New Era - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ a b Spieler, G. (2008). Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford. St. Martin's Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780230621848. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ a b . Time Magazine. 1975-10-06. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
- ^ Hernandez, Ernio (2004-04-05). . Playbill. Playbill. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Sara Jane Moore". nndb.com. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ a b c "Timeline: Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst". American Experience. Public Broadcasting Service. 2005-02-16. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ United States Secret Service. "Public Report of the White House Security Review". United States Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
Just seventeen days after the Fromme incident, Sara Jane Moore fired a bullet at President Ford in San Francisco. As President Ford exited a downtown hotel, Moore, standing in a crowd of onlookers across the street, pointed her pistol at him. Just before she fired, a civilian grabbed at the gun and deflected the shot. The bullet missed Ford but slightly injured a bystander. Moore was a known radical and a former FBI informant.
- ^ Carney, James (August 3, 1998). . Time. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2007.
- ^ a b Tucker, Jill (2006-10-29). "Kenneth Iacovoni -- special agent". San Francisco Chronicle. p. B-7. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ a b "'Taking Aim at the President', by Geri Spieler".
- ^ Evans, Harold (1998). "The Imperial Presidency: 1972-1980". The American Century. Random House. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ Seattle Times. "Ford 'won't cower' after shooting." September 23, 1975.
- ^ Caught in Fate's Trajectory, Along With Gerald Ford, Lynne Duke, The Washington Post, December 30, 2006, p. D01.
- ^ "December 12, 1975 in History". BrainyHistory. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ Nevas, Steve (news anchor) (1976). Ten O'Clock News broadcast (Television news). Boston, MA: WGBH.
- ^ "January 15, 1976 in History". BrainyHistory. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ Geri Spieler (23 December 2008). Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford. St. Martin's Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-230-62184-8.
- ^ "Ford Assailant Blocks Prison Key Crackdown". San Francisco Chronicle. 2000-08-12. p. A-21. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Sara Jane Moore." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
- ^ a b "Video: Sara Jane Moore on the 'Today' show". theweek.com. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ King, Larry (2004-06-08). "Interview with former President Gerald Ford and former first lady Betty Ford". Larry King Live. CNN. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Would-be Ford assassin freed from prison on parole". CNN. 2007-12-31.
- ^ "Woman Who Tried to Assassinate President Ford Released From Prison". Fox News. 2007-12-31.
- ^ Taylor, Michael (2008-01-01). . San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2008-02-02. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ McKay, Hollie (26 February 2019). "Would-be President Ford assassin back in jail for violating her parole, official says". Fox News. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ msnbc.com
- ^ Radiolab (September 22, 2017). "Oliver Sipple". Radiolab. WYNC. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
- ^ Spieler, Geri (2009). Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230610231. OCLC 226357171.
- ^ "Taking Aim at the President". gerispieler.com. from the original on 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
External links Edit
- Photograph of Ford and his Secret Service agents taken just after Moore fired her shot.
- Photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.
- More photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.