The Sangyō Gisho (三経義疏, "Annotated Commentaries on the Three Sutras") is the title of three annotated commentaries on important Buddhist sutras: Hokke Gisho (法華義疏), Shōmangyō Gisho (勝鬘経義疏), and Yuimagyō Gisho (維摩経義疏).
An annotated commentary on the Lotus Sutra; four volumes in length. It is based on the annotated text Fa Hua Yi Ji (法華義記) by Liang dynasty monk Fayun (法雲, 467–529 AD). Approximately 70% of the contents are identical.
According to tradition, the Hokke Gisho was composed in 615 AD and is the oldest Japanese text, highly venerated among Tendai scholars but never shared to the public. Legend indicates that the manuscript was discovered by the Buddhist monk Gyōshin (行信), who erected the Hōryū-ji Tō-in Temple where the manuscript was kept for many centuries until 1878, when it was finally presented to the Emperor Meiji as an offertory gift.
Shōmangyō GishoEdit
An annotated commentary on the Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra; one volume in length. In the late 1960s, it was discovered that about 80% of this text was copied from a Liang dynasty commentary by the monk Min (旻, 467–527), which was recovered from the Dunhuang manuscripts.[1] Traditionally said to have been completed in 611.
Yuimagyō GishoEdit
An annotated commentary on the Vimalakirti Sutra; three volumes in length.[2] It is based on annotated texts of the Liang dynasty priest Zhizang (458–522). Traditionally said to have been completed in 613.
Issues of authorshipEdit
Only the Hokke Gisho remains in original manuscript form, while the Shōmangyō Gisho and Yuimagyō Gisho exist only from later copies. The Hokke Gisho contains a colophon stating, "This book belongs to the private collection of King Jōgū [Prince Shōtoku] and is not from overseas." However, the brush style is different from the main text and is believed to have been later added by the priest Gyōshin.[3] The Shōmangyō Gisho and Yuimagyō Gisho have no colophon and no authorship information.[1]: 15 All three texts have been attributed to the semi-mythological Prince Shōtoku. However, current scholarly consensus disputes this and the actual authorship of the texts are unknown.
On the seventh month of autumn, the empress summoned Hitsugi no Miko and commanded him to teach the Srimala Sutra. He finished in three days. This year, Hitsugi no Miko next taught the Lotus Sutra at Okamoto Palace. The empress was most pleased and presented Hitsugi no Miko with Tamomo Tokoro in Harima Province.[4]
The oldest text to attribute the Sangyōsho to Shōtoku Taishi is the 747 Hōryūji Garan Engi Narabini Ruki Shizaichō (法隆寺伽藍縁起并流記資財帳). In addition, sutra records found in the Shōsōin documents credit King Kamitsumiya, one of Shōtoku Taishi's titles, for the annotated Lotus and Srimala sutras.
While historical records attribute these works to Shōtoku Taishi, a number of issues and problems have been pointed out.[5]
The oldest records are all more than a hundred years after the death of Shōtoku Taishi, so they are rendered by some scholars as unreliable.
Religious professor Inoue Mitsusada of the University of Tokyo says that many texts originally attributed to rulers were actually written by groups of scholars and suggests that this is the case here as well. However, the manuscript of Hokke Gisho uses a number of personal pronouns that contrasts this argument.
Calligrapher Nishikawa Yasushi studied the glyph forms used in the original with those in China and concludes that Hokke Gisho is a work corresponding to the Sui dynasty (581–618 AD). Inoue builds on this suggesting that it is a work of Japan's Asuka period.
The precise development of these texts is strongly argued in modern scholarship with many alternative hypotheses. These include the following:
Based on Chinese texts brought to Japan that Prince Shōtoku used as a basis for composition.
Korean priests visiting Japan wrote it under Prince Shōtoku's instructions.
Produced in China or Korea and authorship was transferred to Prince Shōtoku when it arrived in Japan.
A later work.
There is no academic consensus on the true authorship. If authorship is assigned to Prince Shōtoku, then the works would need to have been finally completed before 622 when he died.
NotesEdit
^ abDennis, Mark (2017). "An Investigation of the Relationship Between Prince Shōtoku's Shōmangyō-gisho and Two Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts: A Debate over Originality and Canonical Value" (PDF). Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies. 2 (2): 499–507. doi:10.1353/mns.2017.0023.
Hubbard, Jamie, trans. (2012). Expository Commentary on the Vimalakīrti Sutra. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, ISBN978-1-886439-44-3. (Yuimagyō-gisho)
sangyō, gisho, 三経義疏, annotated, commentaries, three, sutras, title, three, annotated, commentaries, important, buddhist, sutras, hokke, gisho, 法華義疏, shōmangyō, gisho, 勝鬘経義疏, yuimagyō, gisho, 維摩経義疏, contents, hokke, gisho, shōmangyō, gisho, yuimagyō, gisho, iss. The Sangyō Gisho 三経義疏 Annotated Commentaries on the Three Sutras is the title of three annotated commentaries on important Buddhist sutras Hokke Gisho 法華義疏 Shōmangyō Gisho 勝鬘経義疏 and Yuimagyō Gisho 維摩経義疏 Contents 1 Hokke Gisho 2 Shōmangyō Gisho 3 Yuimagyō Gisho 4 Issues of authorship 5 Notes 6 ReferencesHokke Gisho Edit nbsp A page of the Hokke GishoAn annotated commentary on the Lotus Sutra four volumes in length It is based on the annotated text Fa Hua Yi Ji 法華義記 by Liang dynasty monk Fayun 法雲 467 529 AD Approximately 70 of the contents are identical According to tradition the Hokke Gisho was composed in 615 AD and is the oldest Japanese text highly venerated among Tendai scholars but never shared to the public Legend indicates that the manuscript was discovered by the Buddhist monk Gyōshin 行信 who erected the Hōryu ji Tō in Temple where the manuscript was kept for many centuries until 1878 when it was finally presented to the Emperor Meiji as an offertory gift Shōmangyō Gisho EditAn annotated commentary on the Srimaladevi Siṃhanada Sutra one volume in length In the late 1960s it was discovered that about 80 of this text was copied from a Liang dynasty commentary by the monk Min 旻 467 527 which was recovered from the Dunhuang manuscripts 1 Traditionally said to have been completed in 611 Yuimagyō Gisho EditAn annotated commentary on the Vimalakirti Sutra three volumes in length 2 It is based on annotated texts of the Liang dynasty priest Zhizang 458 522 Traditionally said to have been completed in 613 Issues of authorship EditOnly the Hokke Gisho remains in original manuscript form while the Shōmangyō Gisho and Yuimagyō Gisho exist only from later copies The Hokke Gisho contains a colophon stating This book belongs to the private collection of King Jōgu Prince Shōtoku and is not from overseas However the brush style is different from the main text and is believed to have been later added by the priest Gyōshin 3 The Shōmangyō Gisho and Yuimagyō Gisho have no colophon and no authorship information 1 15 All three texts have been attributed to the semi mythological Prince Shōtoku However current scholarly consensus disputes this and the actual authorship of the texts are unknown The Nihon Shoki records that in 606 Prince Shōtoku taught the Srimaladevi Siṃhanada Sutra and the Lotus Sutra hence the belief that he authored all three On the seventh month of autumn the empress summoned Hitsugi no Miko and commanded him to teach the Srimala Sutra He finished in three days This year Hitsugi no Miko next taught the Lotus Sutra at Okamoto Palace The empress was most pleased and presented Hitsugi no Miko with Tamomo Tokoro in Harima Province 4 The oldest text to attribute the Sangyōsho to Shōtoku Taishi is the 747 Hōryuji Garan Engi Narabini Ruki Shizaichō 法隆寺伽藍縁起并流記資財帳 In addition sutra records found in the Shōsōin documents credit King Kamitsumiya one of Shōtoku Taishi s titles for the annotated Lotus and Srimala sutras While historical records attribute these works to Shōtoku Taishi a number of issues and problems have been pointed out 5 The oldest records are all more than a hundred years after the death of Shōtoku Taishi so they are rendered by some scholars as unreliable Religious professor Inoue Mitsusada of the University of Tokyo says that many texts originally attributed to rulers were actually written by groups of scholars and suggests that this is the case here as well However the manuscript of Hokke Gisho uses a number of personal pronouns that contrasts this argument Calligrapher Nishikawa Yasushi studied the glyph forms used in the original with those in China and concludes that Hokke Gisho is a work corresponding to the Sui dynasty 581 618 AD Inoue builds on this suggesting that it is a work of Japan s Asuka period The precise development of these texts is strongly argued in modern scholarship with many alternative hypotheses These include the following Based on Chinese texts brought to Japan that Prince Shōtoku used as a basis for composition Korean priests visiting Japan wrote it under Prince Shōtoku s instructions Produced in China or Korea and authorship was transferred to Prince Shōtoku when it arrived in Japan A later work There is no academic consensus on the true authorship If authorship is assigned to Prince Shōtoku then the works would need to have been finally completed before 622 when he died Notes Edit a b Dennis Mark 2017 An Investigation of the Relationship Between Prince Shōtoku s Shōmangyō gisho and Two Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts A Debate over Originality and Canonical Value PDF Manuscript Studies A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 2 2 499 507 doi 10 1353 mns 2017 0023 Hubbard 2012 Nakamura 2007 5 Sakamoto page 188 Nakamura 2007 6 7 References EditHubbard Jamie trans 2012 Expository Commentary on the Vimalakirti Sutra Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research Berkeley ISBN 978 1 886439 44 3 Yuimagyō gisho Ienaga Saburō Fujieda Akira Hayashima Kyōshō Tsukishima Hiroshi 1975 Nihon Shisō Taikei 2 Shōtoku Taishi Shu in Japanese Iwanami Shoten Kubota Jun 2007 Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten Iwanami dictionary of Japanese classical literature in Japanese Iwanami Shoten ISBN 978 4 00 080310 6 Nakamura Hajime Hayashima Kyōshō 2007 Shōmankyō Gisho Yuimakyō Gisho shō in Japanese Chuōron Shinsha ISBN 978 4 12 160095 0 Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Kan yakuban A Comprehensive Dictionary of Classical Japanese Literature Concise Edition Tōkyō Iwanami Shoten 1986 ISBN 4 00 080067 1 Sakamoto Tarō Ienaga Saburō Inoue Mitsusada Ōno Susumu 1965 Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei Nihon Shoki vol 2 Iwanami Shoten ISBN 4 00 060068 0 Takitō Sonkyō Tamura Kōyu Hayashima Kyōshō 2007 Hokke Gisho shō Jushichijō Kenpō in Japanese Chuōron Shinsha ISBN 978 4 12 160096 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sangyō Gisho amp oldid 1166276451, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
