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San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth

April 12, 2024

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a research project that began in 2002 aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of predicting and analyzing future earthquakes.[1][2] The site consists of a 2.2 km (1.4 miles) pilot hole and a 3.2 km (2 miles) main hole.[3] Drilling operations ceased in 2007. Located near the town of Parkfield, California, the project has installed geophone sensors and GPS clocks in a borehole that cuts directly through the fault.[3] This data, along with samples collected during drilling, could shed new light on geochemical and mechanical properties around the fault zone.

San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth
Schematic representation of the SAFOD borehole and pilot hole
Location
LocationParkfield, California, U.S.
Coordinates35°58′27″N 120°33′08″W / 35.974204°N 120.552141°W / 35.974204; -120.552141
Greatest depth3.2 km (2 miles)
History
Opened2002 (2002)
Owner
CompanyNational Science Foundation
Websitewww.earthscope.org/about/observatories

SAFOD is part of Earthscope, an Earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure of the North American continent and to understand the origin of earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthscope is funded by the National Science Foundation in conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey and NASA.[4] Data collected at SAFOD are available from The Northern California Earthquake Data Center at U.C. Berkeley and at the IRIS DMC.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Shiels, Maggie (December 5, 2003). "Project to drill into Earth fault". BBC News. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  2. ^ Shwartz, Mark (December 3, 2003). "Stanford, U.S. Geological Survey team up to get inside scoop on quake zone San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth will permit researchers to collect temblor data 2.4 miles below surface of Earth". Stanford News. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  3. ^ a b . Northern California Earthquake Data Center. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  4. ^ "San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

Further reading edit

  • Ellsworth, W. L.; S. H. Hickman; M. D. Zoback (January 1, 2000). "Seismology in the Source: The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth". Seismol. Res. Lett. 71.
  • Ellsworth, W.; S. Hickman; M. Zoback; E. Davis; L. Gee; R. Huggins; R. Krug; C. Lippus; P. Malin; D. Neuhauser (2005). "Observing the San Andreas Fault at depth". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 86: 52. Bibcode:2005AGUFM.T24B..04E.
  • Zoback, M. D (1998). Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault and site characterization research: Planning and coordination efforts. Final technical report.
  • Zoback, M.D.; S.H. Hickman; W. Ellsworth (2002). The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD): testing fundamental theories of earthquake mechanics. 2002 Denver Annual Meeting.
  • Zoback, M. (2003). Scientific Drilling into the San Andreas Fault: The SAFOD Experiment. AAPG Annual Meeting 2003.
  • Zoback, M.D.; S. Hickman; W. Ellsworth (2005). "Overview of SAFOD Phases 1 and 2: Drilling, sampling and measurements in the San Andreas Fault zone at seismogenic depth". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 86 (5): 52. Bibcode:2005EOSTr..86...52H. doi:10.1029/2005EO050006.
  • Zoback, M.D.; S.H. Hickman; W. Ellsworth; D. Kirschner; N.B. Pennell; J. Chery; S. Sobolev (2007). Preliminary Results from SAFOD Phase 3: Implications for the state of stress and shear localization in and near the San Andreas Fault at depth in central California. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract# T13G-03.
  • Zoback, Mark D.; Hans-Peter Harjes (1997). "Injection-induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site, Germany". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (B8): 18477–18491. Bibcode:1997JGR...10218477Z. doi:10.1029/96JB02814. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  • EarthScope (2008). "EarthScope: SAFOD Observatory". EarthScope. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  • Emmermann, Rolf; Rischmüller, Heinrich (October 31, 2006). . German Continental Scientific Deep Drilling Program. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Archived from the original on July 29, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  • "KTB Deep Crustal Laboratory of GFZ". 2006. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  • USGS; NSF (January 29, 2009). "San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth". Retrieved March 28, 2009.

External links edit

  • Earthscope
  • SAFOD at ICDP-Online.org

April 12, 2024
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The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth SAFOD is a research project that began in 2002 aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of predicting and analyzing future earthquakes 1 2 The site consists of a 2 2 km 1 4 miles pilot hole and a 3 2 km 2 miles main hole 3 Drilling operations ceased in 2007 Located near the town of Parkfield California the project has installed geophone sensors and GPS clocks in a borehole that cuts directly through the fault 3 This data along with samples collected during drilling could shed new light on geochemical and mechanical properties around the fault zone San Andreas Fault Observatory at DepthSchematic representation of the SAFOD borehole and pilot holeLocationLocationParkfield California U S Coordinates35 58 27 N 120 33 08 W 35 974204 N 120 552141 W 35 974204 120 552141Greatest depth3 2 km 2 miles HistoryOpened2002 2002 OwnerCompanyNational Science FoundationWebsitewww wbr earthscope wbr org wbr about wbr observatoriesSAFOD is part of Earthscope an Earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure of the North American continent and to understand the origin of earthquakes and volcanoes Earthscope is funded by the National Science Foundation in conjunction with the U S Geological Survey and NASA 4 Data collected at SAFOD are available from The Northern California Earthquake Data Center at U C Berkeley and at the IRIS DMC Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksSee also editChikyu Hakken deep oceanic drilling program Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Kola Borehole 1970 2005 12 262 m or 40 230 feet KTB Borehole 1987 1995 9 101 m or 29 859 feet Mohorovicic discontinuity Project MoholeReferences edit Shiels Maggie December 5 2003 Project to drill into Earth fault BBC News Retrieved September 4 2018 Shwartz Mark December 3 2003 Stanford U S Geological Survey team up to get inside scoop on quake zone San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth will permit researchers to collect temblor data 2 4 miles below surface of Earth Stanford News Retrieved September 4 2018 a b SAFOD San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Northern California Earthquake Data Center Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth U S Geological Survey Retrieved September 4 2018 Further reading editEllsworth W L S H Hickman M D Zoback January 1 2000 Seismology in the Source The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Seismol Res Lett 71 Ellsworth W S Hickman M Zoback E Davis L Gee R Huggins R Krug C Lippus P Malin D Neuhauser 2005 Observing the San Andreas Fault at depth Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union 86 52 Bibcode 2005AGUFM T24B 04E Zoback M D 1998 Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault and site characterization research Planning and coordination efforts Final technical report Zoback M D S H Hickman W Ellsworth 2002 The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth SAFOD testing fundamental theories of earthquake mechanics 2002 Denver Annual Meeting Zoback M 2003 Scientific Drilling into the San Andreas Fault The SAFOD Experiment AAPG Annual Meeting 2003 Zoback M D S Hickman W Ellsworth 2005 Overview of SAFOD Phases 1 and 2 Drilling sampling and measurements in the San Andreas Fault zone at seismogenic depth Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union 86 5 52 Bibcode 2005EOSTr 86 52H doi 10 1029 2005EO050006 Zoback M D S H Hickman W Ellsworth D Kirschner N B Pennell J Chery S Sobolev 2007 Preliminary Results from SAFOD Phase 3 Implications for the state of stress and shear localization in and near the San Andreas Fault at depth in central California American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2007 abstract T13G 03 Zoback Mark D Hans Peter Harjes 1997 Injection induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site Germany Journal of Geophysical Research 102 B8 18477 18491 Bibcode 1997JGR 10218477Z doi 10 1029 96JB02814 Retrieved March 28 2009 EarthScope 2008 EarthScope SAFOD Observatory EarthScope Retrieved March 28 2009 Emmermann Rolf Rischmuller Heinrich October 31 2006 ICDP International Continental Scientific Drilling Program German Continental Scientific Deep Drilling Program GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Telegrafenberg D 14473 Potsdam Germany Archived from the original on July 29 2007 Retrieved March 28 2009 KTB Deep Crustal Laboratory of GFZ 2006 Archived from the original on April 15 2013 Retrieved March 28 2009 USGS NSF January 29 2009 San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Retrieved March 28 2009 External links editEarthscope SAFOD at ICDP Online org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth amp oldid 1170166198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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