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Samuel Kende

April 16, 2024

Samuel Kende (8 April 1858 – 13 September 1928)[1] was an Austrian art dealer, antiquarian and auctioneer whose auction house, S. Kende, in Vienna, was "Aryanized" after the Nazi annexation of Austria.

Life and family edit

 
Peter Fendi's Mother with Child under the Crucifix, 1899, in the Samuel Kende collection[2]

Samuel Kende was born in Klausenburg, Siebenbürgen, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) in 1858. In 1888, he founded an antiquarian bookshop with his brother, Albert, selling theological, archaeological and art literary works. From 1895 onward, auctions took place. Albert Kende started his own business as an auctioneer in the 1890s. The Art antiquarian and auction house "S. Kende" was registered in 1918 as a sole proprietorship based in Vienna I, Weihburggasse 18, in the commercial register of the Commercial Court of Vienna, later as an open trading company (OHG). The Kendes dealt with copperplate engravings, lithographs, oil paintings and watercolors. From 1920 the company's headquarters were at Rotenturmstrasse 14, where it expanded its range to include furniture, carpets, jewelry, gold and silver goods.[3] He carried out numerous art deals, including so-called house auctions, in which entire apartment inventories were auctioned on the spot, just as they were organized by the Dorotheum, and counted well-known domestic and foreign collectors among his customers.[4] Samuel Kende died in 1928. His widow, Melanie (née Horner; born 1872/1873 – died after 1945) and their son, Herbert Alexander Kende (1908-1977), continued to run the auction house. 31 house auctions are documented for the years 1930 to 1938. In 1930, they organized a commemorative exhibition for Rudolf von Alt, for which collectors made loans available. In 1937, the company had sales of around 487,000 schillings.[5]

Samuel Kende's second brother was Josef Kende, a prominent figure in the publishing and antiquarian book trade in Vienna. His two sisters were Helene Hlavacek and Irma Zeller von Zellhain, a music teacher. Of the siblings, only Irma Zeller von Zellhain survived the Holocaust, due apparently to her marriage to a gentile, Guido Zeller von Zellhain, albeit one who was persecuted by the National Socialists for political reasons. He was arrested on 13 February 1943. The proceedings initiated against him for "preparation for high treason" and "benefiting the enemy" had been temporarily suspended in 1944 due to his inability to stand trial. Guido Zeller von Zellhain died on 4 January 1945 in the General Hospital in Vienna.[4]

Nazi Anschluss, Aryanisation, Flight edit

After Austria was "annexed" to the German Reich in 1938, Jews were prohibited from owning or operating businesses. Kende's auction house in Kärntnerstraße and artwork were Aryanized i.e., transferred to non-Jews. Initially placed under the temporary administration of Ferdinand Josef Nagler,[6][7][8] the S. Kende company was then managed on a "temporary basis" by Blasius Fornach, owner of an antiques and painting shop in Vienna, and then by Arthur Raimund Morghen, according to the files, as the "political leader of the NSDAP". From mid-May 1938, a Munich art dealer, Adolf Weinmüller, sought the "Aryanization" of the S. Kende company at the Reichstatthalterei (Austrian provincial government), gaining control on 19 November 1938 "despite protests from Viennese auction houses and art dealers". Adolph Weinmüller & Co. Wiener Kunstversteigerungshaus (Adolph Weinmüller & Co. Vienna Art Auction House) took the place of S. Kende running the auction house until 1944.[9]

Melanie Kende and her son Herbert were able to emigrate to the United States, in 1939 and 1938, respectively, both later becoming United States citizens. In May 1947, Melanie and Herbert Kende submitted an application for restitution of the company to the restitution commission of the Regional Court for Civil Law Matters in Vienna. This was granted in 1948. The auction house was renamed to “S. Kende” was renamed and lasted until the 1950s. However, neither Kende ever returned to Vienna. Mother and son founded a successful art dealership in New York ("Kende Galleries"), which they continued to run there after the war.[10]

Death of Albert Kende edit

Albert Kende died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp on 3 December 1942. At the request of his surviving sister, Irma Zeller von Zellhain, he was declared deceased by order of the regional court for civil law matters in Vienna on 10 November 1946. His brother, antiquarian book dealer and publisher Josef Kende (born 6 June 1868), was deported to Dachau concentration camp on 1 April 1938 and later was sent to Buchenwald.[4]

The Weinmüller catalogs edit

Lostart.de published the annotated catalogues of the Nazi-era auction house Adolf Weinmüller were released online on 27 May 2014. These included 33 auctions that took place in Munich between 1936 and 1943, as well as 11 of the 18 auctions that took place in Vienna between 1938 and 1944.[11]

Literature edit

  • Meike Hopp: Die Arisierung des Auktionshauses S. Kende in Wien 1938. In: dies: Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus: Adolf Weinmüller in München und Wien. Böhlau Verlag, Köln/ Weimar/ Wien 2012, ISBN 978-3-412-20807-3, S. 225–239

References edit

  1. ^ "Samuel Kende". geni_family_tree. 8 April 1858.
  2. ^ "Mutter mit Kind unter dem Kruzifix". sammlung.belvedere.at (in German). Belvedere. from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021. Inventarnummer 4023 Standort Derzeit nicht in der Schausammlung Provenienz 1899 Samuel Kende, Wien. – 1931 Leo und Lilli Oppenheimer, Wien (?). – 1934 Teppner, Wien. – 1934 Albert Kende, Wien
  3. ^ Hupfer, Georg. "Zur Geschichte des antiquarischen Buchhandels in Wien" (PDF). pp. 166–167. (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Kende, Albert | Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung". www.lexikon-provenienzforschung.org. from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021. 20.2.1872 Klausenburg, Siebenbürgen – 3.12.1942 Ghetto Theresienstadt / Terezín
  5. ^ ""... ein schwerreicher Kunsthändler aus München" Die "Arisierung" des Kunstantiquariats und Auktionshauses S. Kende in Wien durch Adolph Weinmüller1" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2020. Das Tauziehen um die „Arisierung" des Auktionshauses durch Adolph Weinmüller Nach dem „Anschluss" wurde die Firma S. Kende zunächst von Blasius Fornach, dem Inhaber einer Antiquitäten-, Miniaturen- und Gemäldehandlung in Wien 1., Krugerstraße 18, „kommissarisch" verwaltet, von 29. Juli bis 19. November 1938 dann von Arthur Raimund Morghen, der in den Akten als „Politischer Leiter der NSDAP" aufscheint. Bereits Mitte Mai 1938 bewarb sich der Münchner Kunsthändler und Auktionator Adolph Weinmüller bei der Reichsstatthalterei (Österreichische Landesregierung) um die „Arisierung" der Firma, wobei sein Ansinnen auch von Morghen befürwortet wurde.
  6. ^ NS-Provenienzforschung an österreichischen Bibliotheken : Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Bruno Bauer (1., neue Ausg ed.). Satteins: Neugebauer, W. 2011. ISBN 978-3-85376-290-5. OCLC 760143375.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Mentzel, Walter. "Wiener NS-Antiquariate und ihre Rolle im Bücherraub. Oder: Wie Antiquariate von der Judenverfolgung profitierten. Ein Forschungsbericht1" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 30 November 2016.
  8. ^ ANDERL, Gabriele (9 August 2017). ""Euer armer, unglücklicher, vollständig gebrochener alter Albert Kende"". from the original on 4 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Lost Art Internet Database - Beteiligte Privatpersonen und Körperschaften am NS-Kulturgutraub - Weinmüller, Adolf". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 16 May 2021. 1886–1958; Kunsthändler u. Auktionator, München, Kunsthandlung "Haus für Alte und Neue Kunst ", Max-Joseph-Str. 7, 1936-43 daneben "Münchener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmüller", Odeonsplatz 4, 1936-39 Geschäftsführer Dr. Ernst Michael Wengenmayr (1888–1963), ab 1939 Eberhard Arnold v. Cranach-Sichart (1886–1967), 1938 "Arisierung" des Auktionshauses "S. Kende", Wien, Rotenturmstr. 14, gegr. von Samuel Kende (1858–1928), darin wird sein "Wiener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmüller" bis 1944 fortgeführt; wirkte auf die "Arisierung" des Auktionshauses Hugo Helbing ein und profitierte davon, Geschäftspartner von Bornheim, verkaufte viele von der <Dienststelle Mühlmann> in den Niederlanden beschlagnahmte Kunstwerke, Monopolstellung im Münchner Auktionswesen während der Zeit der nationsozialistischen Regierung. Lit.: Meike Hopp, Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus: Adolf Weinmüller in München und Wien (Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte 30), Köln 2012; Qu.: ALIU, Final Report, 81
  10. ^ Ancestry Library Edition[verification needed]
  11. ^ "Annotated Auction Catalogues of Adolf Weinmüller (Munich/Vienna) on Lostart.de". lootedart.com. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

April 16, 2024
samuel, kende, april, 1858, september, 1928, austrian, dealer, antiquarian, auctioneer, whose, auction, house, kende, vienna, aryanized, after, nazi, annexation, austria, contents, life, family, nazi, anschluss, aryanisation, flight, death, albert, kende, wein. Samuel Kende 8 April 1858 13 September 1928 1 was an Austrian art dealer antiquarian and auctioneer whose auction house S Kende in Vienna was Aryanized after the Nazi annexation of Austria Contents 1 Life and family 1 1 Nazi Anschluss Aryanisation Flight 1 2 Death of Albert Kende 1 3 The Weinmuller catalogs 2 Literature 3 ReferencesLife and family edit nbsp Peter Fendi s Mother with Child under the Crucifix 1899 in the Samuel Kende collection 2 Samuel Kende was born in Klausenburg Siebenburgen Austro Hungarian Empire now Cluj Napoca Romania in 1858 In 1888 he founded an antiquarian bookshop with his brother Albert selling theological archaeological and art literary works From 1895 onward auctions took place Albert Kende started his own business as an auctioneer in the 1890s The Art antiquarian and auction house S Kende was registered in 1918 as a sole proprietorship based in Vienna I Weihburggasse 18 in the commercial register of the Commercial Court of Vienna later as an open trading company OHG The Kendes dealt with copperplate engravings lithographs oil paintings and watercolors From 1920 the company s headquarters were at Rotenturmstrasse 14 where it expanded its range to include furniture carpets jewelry gold and silver goods 3 He carried out numerous art deals including so called house auctions in which entire apartment inventories were auctioned on the spot just as they were organized by the Dorotheum and counted well known domestic and foreign collectors among his customers 4 Samuel Kende died in 1928 His widow Melanie nee Horner born 1872 1873 died after 1945 and their son Herbert Alexander Kende 1908 1977 continued to run the auction house 31 house auctions are documented for the years 1930 to 1938 In 1930 they organized a commemorative exhibition for Rudolf von Alt for which collectors made loans available In 1937 the company had sales of around 487 000 schillings 5 Samuel Kende s second brother was Josef Kende a prominent figure in the publishing and antiquarian book trade in Vienna His two sisters were Helene Hlavacek and Irma Zeller von Zellhain a music teacher Of the siblings only Irma Zeller von Zellhain survived the Holocaust due apparently to her marriage to a gentile Guido Zeller von Zellhain albeit one who was persecuted by the National Socialists for political reasons He was arrested on 13 February 1943 The proceedings initiated against him for preparation for high treason and benefiting the enemy had been temporarily suspended in 1944 due to his inability to stand trial Guido Zeller von Zellhain died on 4 January 1945 in the General Hospital in Vienna 4 Nazi Anschluss Aryanisation Flight edit After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in 1938 Jews were prohibited from owning or operating businesses Kende s auction house in Karntnerstrasse and artwork were Aryanized i e transferred to non Jews Initially placed under the temporary administration of Ferdinand Josef Nagler 6 7 8 the S Kende company was then managed on a temporary basis by Blasius Fornach owner of an antiques and painting shop in Vienna and then by Arthur Raimund Morghen according to the files as the political leader of the NSDAP From mid May 1938 a Munich art dealer Adolf Weinmuller sought the Aryanization of the S Kende company at the Reichstatthalterei Austrian provincial government gaining control on 19 November 1938 despite protests from Viennese auction houses and art dealers Adolph Weinmuller amp Co Wiener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolph Weinmuller amp Co Vienna Art Auction House took the place of S Kende running the auction house until 1944 9 Melanie Kende and her son Herbert were able to emigrate to the United States in 1939 and 1938 respectively both later becoming United States citizens In May 1947 Melanie and Herbert Kende submitted an application for restitution of the company to the restitution commission of the Regional Court for Civil Law Matters in Vienna This was granted in 1948 The auction house was renamed to S Kende was renamed and lasted until the 1950s However neither Kende ever returned to Vienna Mother and son founded a successful art dealership in New York Kende Galleries which they continued to run there after the war 10 Death of Albert Kende edit Albert Kende died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp on 3 December 1942 At the request of his surviving sister Irma Zeller von Zellhain he was declared deceased by order of the regional court for civil law matters in Vienna on 10 November 1946 His brother antiquarian book dealer and publisher Josef Kende born 6 June 1868 was deported to Dachau concentration camp on 1 April 1938 and later was sent to Buchenwald 4 The Weinmuller catalogs edit Lostart de published the annotated catalogues of the Nazi era auction house Adolf Weinmuller were released online on 27 May 2014 These included 33 auctions that took place in Munich between 1936 and 1943 as well as 11 of the 18 auctions that took place in Vienna between 1938 and 1944 11 Literature editMeike Hopp Die Arisierung des Auktionshauses S Kende in Wien 1938 In dies Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus Adolf Weinmuller in Munchen und Wien Bohlau Verlag Koln Weimar Wien 2012 ISBN 978 3 412 20807 3 S 225 239 Euer armer unglucklicher vollstandig gebrochener alter Albert KendeReferences edit Samuel Kende geni family tree 8 April 1858 Mutter mit Kind unter dem Kruzifix sammlung belvedere at in German Belvedere Archived from the original on 16 May 2021 Retrieved 16 May 2021 Inventarnummer 4023 Standort Derzeit nicht in der Schausammlung Provenienz 1899 Samuel Kende Wien 1931 Leo und Lilli Oppenheimer Wien 1934 Teppner Wien 1934 Albert Kende Wien Hupfer Georg Zur Geschichte des antiquarischen Buchhandels in Wien PDF pp 166 167 Archived PDF from the original on 20 May 2016 a b c Kende Albert Lexikon der osterreichischen Provenienzforschung www lexikon provenienzforschung org Archived from the original on 28 March 2020 Retrieved 16 May 2021 20 2 1872 Klausenburg Siebenburgen 3 12 1942 Ghetto Theresienstadt Terezin ein schwerreicher Kunsthandler aus Munchen Die Arisierung des Kunstantiquariats und Auktionshauses S Kende in Wien durch Adolph Weinmuller1 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2 July 2020 Das Tauziehen um die Arisierung des Auktionshauses durch Adolph Weinmuller Nach dem Anschluss wurde die Firma S Kende zunachst von Blasius Fornach dem Inhaber einer Antiquitaten Miniaturen und Gemaldehandlung in Wien 1 Krugerstrasse 18 kommissarisch verwaltet von 29 Juli bis 19 November 1938 dann von Arthur Raimund Morghen der in den Akten als Politischer Leiter der NSDAP aufscheint Bereits Mitte Mai 1938 bewarb sich der Munchner Kunsthandler und Auktionator Adolph Weinmuller bei der Reichsstatthalterei Osterreichische Landesregierung um die Arisierung der Firma wobei sein Ansinnen auch von Morghen befurwortet wurde NS Provenienzforschung an osterreichischen Bibliotheken Anspruch und Wirklichkeit Bruno Bauer 1 neue Ausg ed Satteins Neugebauer W 2011 ISBN 978 3 85376 290 5 OCLC 760143375 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Mentzel Walter Wiener NS Antiquariate und ihre Rolle im Bucherraub Oder Wie Antiquariate von der Judenverfolgung profitierten Ein Forschungsbericht1 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 30 November 2016 ANDERL Gabriele 9 August 2017 Euer armer unglucklicher vollstandig gebrochener alter Albert Kende Archived from the original on 4 August 2020 Lost Art Internet Database Beteiligte Privatpersonen und Korperschaften am NS Kulturgutraub Weinmuller Adolf www lostart de Retrieved 16 May 2021 1886 1958 Kunsthandler u Auktionator Munchen Kunsthandlung Haus fur Alte und Neue Kunst Max Joseph Str 7 1936 43 daneben Munchener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmuller Odeonsplatz 4 1936 39 Geschaftsfuhrer Dr Ernst Michael Wengenmayr 1888 1963 ab 1939 Eberhard Arnold v Cranach Sichart 1886 1967 1938 Arisierung des Auktionshauses S Kende Wien Rotenturmstr 14 gegr von Samuel Kende 1858 1928 darin wird sein Wiener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmuller bis 1944 fortgefuhrt wirkte auf die Arisierung des Auktionshauses Hugo Helbing ein und profitierte davon Geschaftspartner von Bornheim verkaufte viele von der lt Dienststelle Muhlmann gt in den Niederlanden beschlagnahmte Kunstwerke Monopolstellung im Munchner Auktionswesen wahrend der Zeit der nationsozialistischen Regierung Lit Meike Hopp Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus Adolf Weinmuller in Munchen und Wien Veroffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts fur Kunstgeschichte 30 Koln 2012 Qu ALIU Final Report 81 Ancestry Library Edition verification needed Annotated Auction Catalogues of Adolf Weinmuller Munich Vienna on Lostart de lootedart com Retrieved 16 May 2021 Portals nbsp Arts nbsp Austria Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Samuel Kende amp oldid 1177513406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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