He was born in 1700 in Istanbul. He studied in the Great School of the Nation. At a young age, he was ordained deacon, and later he became an archdeacon of the Patriarch Paisius II. He was elected metropolitan bishop of Derkoi in 1731 and Ecumenical Patriarch on 24 May 1763, even though he thought he was too old for this position.
During his patriarchy, he was occupied with the finances of the Patriarchate. He limited the expenses, restrained the fundraisers, and the procession of the "disk" five times per year and he repealed the old habit for priests and hieromonks to contribute in-kind (animals, eggs, etc.) to the Patriarchate. He reinforced education and he restored the authority of the Patriarchate. In 1767 he abolished the autocephaly of the archbishops of Peć and Ohrid, whose jurisdiction had come to include large areas of Macedonia, Epirus, Thessaly, Albania, and Serbia, and placed them again under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
On a social level, he inveighed against the "slavery of the woman" and talked against the institution of dowry and commercial wedding.[1] He decided to divide the patriarchal seal into four parts, three of which were given to synodic hierarchs. This way he emphasised the synodic administrative system of the Patriarchate, according to which there is shared responsibility and the arbitrariness of the Patriarch is limited.
His radical acts provoked reactions, which reached the point of forcing him to resign on 5 November 1768. He was exiled to Great Lavra of Mount Athos, but in 1770 he convinced the Ottoman government to allow him to return to his residence in Tarabya. After the resignation of Theodosius II, the Synod reelected Samuel Patriarch, against his will, on 17 November 1773.
This second patriarchy lasted about one year. During it he tried to solve the issue of the "Kollyvades", choosing a harsher stance than his predecessor. On 24 December 1774, he was exiled again to Mount Athos and later to Heybeliada, where he died on 10 May 1775. He was buried in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Heybeliada.[2] It is rumored that the noblewoman Roxandra Karatza was Samuel's mistress.[3]
SourcesEdit
Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο
Bakouros, Vasileios, Ο Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης Σαμουήλ Α΄ Χαντζέρης ο βυζάντιος: ο βίος και το έργο του (1700-1775): εκκλησιαστικός ανθρωπισμός - νεοελληνικός διαφωτισμός, PhD dissertation, 1998
More on the subjectEdit
«Σαμουήλ Χαντζερής ο Βυζάντιος (1700-1775). Η συμβολή του στην πνευματική κίνηση του Γένους κατά τον 18ο αι.», εκδ. Πρόσωπο, Αθήνα 2008.
ReferencesEdit
^Λόγοι πατριωτικοί απλοσύνθετοι, για τη σκλαβιά της γυναίκας και για το χαλασμό του γένους, στηλιτευτικοί της προίκας και τον εμπορικού γάμου, κηρυγμένοι στα 1767 από τον πατριάρχη Σαμουήλ Χαντζερή, φανερωμένοι στα λογοτεχνικά μας κι αποκαταστημένοι από τον Γ. Βαλέτα, έκδ. Βιβλία Πηγής, Αθήνα 1948.
samuel, constantinople, samuel, greek, Σαμουήλ, name, skarlatos, chazteris, Σκαρλάτος, Χαντζερής, 1700, 1775, served, ecumenical, patriarch, constantinople, during, periods, 1763, 1768, 1773, 1774, holinesssamuelecumenical, patriarch, constantinoplechurchchurc. Samuel Greek Samoyhl lay name Skarlatos Chazteris Skarlatos Xantzerhs c 1700 10 May 1775 served as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople during the periods 1763 1768 and 1773 1774 His All HolinessSamuelEcumenical Patriarch of ConstantinopleChurchChurch of ConstantinopleDioceseConstantinopleSeeEcumenical PatriarchateInstalled1x May 24 1763 2x November 17 1773Term ended1x November 5 1768 2x December 24 1774PredecessorJoannicius III Theodosius IISuccessorMeletius II Sophronius IIPersonal detailsBornSkarlatos Chazteris Skarlatos Xantzerhs 1700IstanbulDiedMay 10 1775HeybeliadaBuriedChurch of Saint Nicholas HeybeliadaDenominationEastern Orthodox ChurchOccupationEcumenical PatriarchHe was born in 1700 in Istanbul He studied in the Great School of the Nation At a young age he was ordained deacon and later he became an archdeacon of the Patriarch Paisius II He was elected metropolitan bishop of Derkoi in 1731 and Ecumenical Patriarch on 24 May 1763 even though he thought he was too old for this position During his patriarchy he was occupied with the finances of the Patriarchate He limited the expenses restrained the fundraisers and the procession of the disk five times per year and he repealed the old habit for priests and hieromonks to contribute in kind animals eggs etc to the Patriarchate He reinforced education and he restored the authority of the Patriarchate In 1767 he abolished the autocephaly of the archbishops of Pec and Ohrid whose jurisdiction had come to include large areas of Macedonia Epirus Thessaly Albania and Serbia and placed them again under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople On a social level he inveighed against the slavery of the woman and talked against the institution of dowry and commercial wedding 1 He decided to divide the patriarchal seal into four parts three of which were given to synodic hierarchs This way he emphasised the synodic administrative system of the Patriarchate according to which there is shared responsibility and the arbitrariness of the Patriarch is limited His radical acts provoked reactions which reached the point of forcing him to resign on 5 November 1768 He was exiled to Great Lavra of Mount Athos but in 1770 he convinced the Ottoman government to allow him to return to his residence in Tarabya After the resignation of Theodosius II the Synod reelected Samuel Patriarch against his will on 17 November 1773 This second patriarchy lasted about one year During it he tried to solve the issue of the Kollyvades choosing a harsher stance than his predecessor On 24 December 1774 he was exiled again to Mount Athos and later to Heybeliada where he died on 10 May 1775 He was buried in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Heybeliada 2 It is rumored that the noblewoman Roxandra Karatza was Samuel s mistress 3 Sources EditOikoymeniko Patriarxeio Bakouros Vasileios O Oikoymenikos Patriarxhs Samoyhl A Xantzerhs o byzantios o bios kai to ergo toy 1700 1775 ekklhsiastikos an8rwpismos neoellhnikos diafwtismos PhD dissertation 1998More on the subject Edit Samoyhl Xantzerhs o Byzantios 1700 1775 H symbolh toy sthn pneymatikh kinhsh toy Genoys kata ton 18o ai ekd Proswpo A8hna 2008 References Edit Logoi patriwtikoi aplosyn8etoi gia th sklabia ths gynaikas kai gia to xalasmo toy genoys sthliteytikoi ths proikas kai ton emporikoy gamoy khrygmenoi sta 1767 apo ton patriarxh Samoyhl Xantzerh fanerwmenoi sta logotexnika mas ki apokatasthmenoi apo ton G Baleta ekd Biblia Phghs A8hna 1948 Akyla Mhlla O ieros naos toy agioy Nikolaoy Stamatopoylos Takhs O eswterikos agwnas ekdoseis Kalbos tomos A sel 152 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Samuel of Constantinople amp oldid 1102596752, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
