Fernando José Salgueiro Maia, GOTE, GCIH, GCL (1 July 1944 – 4 April 1992 in Santarém), commonly known as Salgueiro Maia (Portuguese pronunciation: [saɫˈɡɐjɾu ˈmajɐ]), was a captain in the Portuguese army. He made a significant contribution to the Carnation Revolution, which resulted in the fall of the ruling dictatorship.
Maia was born in 1944 in Castelo de Vide, Portugal, the son of Francisco da Luz Maia, a railway worker, and Francisca Silvéria Salgueiro.[1] He attended primary school in São Torcato, Coruche, and later moved to Tomar where he studied at Colégio Nun'Álvares, but finished his secondary school education in the National Liceu of Leiria. Maia graduated in Social and Political Sciences and Ethnological and Anthropological Sciences.
Carnation Revolution
Graffiti of the icon of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal, Fernando José Salgueiro Maia, on a Lisbon wall to commemorate upcoming 40th anniversary of this event.
In 1974, Salgueiro Maia was one of the captains of the Portuguese Army who led the revolutionary forces during the Carnation Revolution. As a young captain stationed at Santarém, who drilled officers-in-training and sergeants-in-training, he was informed about the plans of the Movement of the Armed Forces (MFA) to bring down the dictatorship.
Maia's mission was to take and hold "Vienna", the government quarter in the centre of Lisbon. In the early hours of 25 April, having taken control of the base and holding senior officers who supported the regime at gunpoint, he assembled his troops and asked for their support in a short and famous speech:
Gentlemen, as you all know, there are three kinds of states: capitalist states, socialist states, and the state we've come to. Now, in this solemn night, we are going to end this state! So that anyone who wants to come with me, we go to Lisbon and finish it. This is voluntary. Who does not want to leave, stay here!
All his troops volunteered, and they left in military convoy for Lisbon about 60 km away, arriving at the government quarter at about 6am. The regime quickly tried to mobilise pro-government forces to defend them, but Maia persuaded them to join the revolution. A further attempt to place the revolutionary forces under naval bombardment was defeated after an onboard mutiny (and a threat to use artillery against the ship). Ministers fled the government quarters and retired to a barracks, where Maia's forces surrounded them and opened fire to show they were serious about their mission. Maia eventually arranged for the Prime Minister to surrender to General Spinola, and led the imprisoned former government away to chants of "Vitória!" from assembled crowds.
Salgueiro Maia and his troops had forced the ruling dictatorship to resign peacefully, without bloodshed. During the Revolution, the only four killings were carried out by PIDE, the regime's security agency, when civilians were demonstrating in front of its headquarters in Lisbon.
Red carnations became the symbol of the peaceful revolution when some of Maia's soldiers and civilians asked a nearby flower seller for some flowers to put in the muzzles of their guns and tanks, as a sign that there would be no bloodshed.
After the Revolution
Salgueiro Maia did not seek any position of political power after the Revolution. He became a major in 1981.
He later adopted two children. In 1989 he was diagnosed with cancer and died three years later on 4 April 1992, at the age of 47.
In the 2000 film Capitães de Abril about the Carnation Revolution, the character of Salgueiro Maia was played by the Italian actor Stefano Accorsi.
^ abCarlos Loures. . Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
External links
, includes pictures of Maia in uniform and as a civilian.
January 20, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Salgueiro Maia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Fernando Jose Salgueiro Maia GOTE GCIH GCL 1 July 1944 4 April 1992 in Santarem commonly known as Salgueiro Maia Portuguese pronunciation saɫˈɡɐjɾu ˈmajɐ was a captain in the Portuguese army He made a significant contribution to the Carnation Revolution which resulted in the fall of the ruling dictatorship Fernando Jose Salgueiro MaiaCapitao Salgueiro MaiaBorn 1944 07 01 1 July 1944Castelo de Vide PortugalDied4 April 1992 1992 04 04 aged 47 Santarem PortugalAllegiance PortugalService wbr branchPortuguese ArmyYears of service1964 1988RankCaptainMajor from 1981 Battles warsPortuguese Colonial War Mozambican War of Independence 1 Carnation RevolutionAwardsGrand Cross of the Order of LibertyGrand Officer of the Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword of Valour Loyalty and MeritGold Medal of the city of SantaremGrand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry Contents 1 Early life 2 Carnation Revolution 3 After the Revolution 4 Awards and decorations 5 References 6 External linksEarly life EditMaia was born in 1944 in Castelo de Vide Portugal the son of Francisco da Luz Maia a railway worker and Francisca Silveria Salgueiro 1 He attended primary school in Sao Torcato Coruche and later moved to Tomar where he studied at Colegio Nun Alvares but finished his secondary school education in the National Liceu of Leiria Maia graduated in Social and Political Sciences and Ethnological and Anthropological Sciences Carnation Revolution Edit Graffiti of the icon of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal Fernando Jose Salgueiro Maia on a Lisbon wall to commemorate upcoming 40th anniversary of this event In 1974 Salgueiro Maia was one of the captains of the Portuguese Army who led the revolutionary forces during the Carnation Revolution As a young captain stationed at Santarem who drilled officers in training and sergeants in training he was informed about the plans of the Movement of the Armed Forces MFA to bring down the dictatorship Maia s mission was to take and hold Vienna the government quarter in the centre of Lisbon In the early hours of 25 April having taken control of the base and holding senior officers who supported the regime at gunpoint he assembled his troops and asked for their support in a short and famous speech Gentlemen as you all know there are three kinds of states capitalist states socialist states and the state we ve come to Now in this solemn night we are going to end this state So that anyone who wants to come with me we go to Lisbon and finish it This is voluntary Who does not want to leave stay here All his troops volunteered and they left in military convoy for Lisbon about 60 km away arriving at the government quarter at about 6am The regime quickly tried to mobilise pro government forces to defend them but Maia persuaded them to join the revolution A further attempt to place the revolutionary forces under naval bombardment was defeated after an onboard mutiny and a threat to use artillery against the ship Ministers fled the government quarters and retired to a barracks where Maia s forces surrounded them and opened fire to show they were serious about their mission Maia eventually arranged for the Prime Minister to surrender to General Spinola and led the imprisoned former government away to chants of Vitoria from assembled crowds Salgueiro Maia and his troops had forced the ruling dictatorship to resign peacefully without bloodshed During the Revolution the only four killings were carried out by PIDE the regime s security agency when civilians were demonstrating in front of its headquarters in Lisbon Red carnations became the symbol of the peaceful revolution when some of Maia s soldiers and civilians asked a nearby flower seller for some flowers to put in the muzzles of their guns and tanks as a sign that there would be no bloodshed After the Revolution EditSalgueiro Maia did not seek any position of political power after the Revolution He became a major in 1981 He later adopted two children In 1989 he was diagnosed with cancer and died three years later on 4 April 1992 at the age of 47 In the 2000 film Capitaes de Abril about the Carnation Revolution the character of Salgueiro Maia was played by the Italian actor Stefano Accorsi Awards and decorations EditIn 1983 he received the Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty in 1992 posthumously the degree of Grand Officer of the Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword of Valour Loyalty and Merit in 2007 the Gold Medal of the city of Santarem and in 2016 the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry References Edit a b Carlos Loures SALGUEIRO MAIA Militar capitao de Abril 1944 1992 Archived from the original on 28 December 2011 Retrieved 19 December 2011 External links EditArticle about the Carnation Revolution Portuguese article about Salgueiro Maia includes pictures of Maia in uniform and as a civilian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Salgueiro Maia amp oldid 1123283789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
