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Saxe-Gotha

Saxe-Gotha (German: Sachsen-Gotha) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in the former Landgraviate of Thuringia. The ducal residence was erected at Gotha.

Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha
1640–1680
Flag
Coat of arms
Thuringia, showing the combined territory of Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Altenburg from 1672, before it was again divided in 1680
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalGotha
GovernmentPrincipality
Historical eraEarly modern Europe
• Partitioned from
    Saxe-Weimar
1640
• Acquired half of
    Saxe-Eisenach
 
1644
• Acquired major part
    of Saxe-Altenburg
 
1672
• Partitioned in seven
1680

History edit

 
Gotha: Schloss Friedenstein

The duchy was established in 1640, when Duke Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar created a subdivision for his younger brother Ernest I the Pious. Duke Ernest took his residence at Gotha, where he had Schloss Friedenstein built between 1643 and 1654. At the same time, the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach was created for the third brother Albert IV.

Nevertheless, Albert died in 1644, and Ernest inherited large parts of his duchy, though not the core territory around the residence at Eisenach and the Wartburg, which fell to his elder brother Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar. Ernest could also incorporate several remaining estates of the extinct House of Henneberg in 1660, which had been vacant since 1583. Finally in 1672 he received the major part of Saxe-Altenburg through his wife Elisabeth Sophie, after Altenburg's last duke Frederick William III had died without heirs. Ernest would then be called Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

When Ernest died in 1675, he left his seven sons a significantly enlarged territory. The eldest, Frederick I at first ruled jointly with his brothers until in 1680 the duchy was divided. The area around Gotha and also Altenburg passed to Frederick I, who retained the title of a Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. For later history of the duchy, see Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Dukes of Saxe-Gotha edit

When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split. Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen received Saxe-Altenburg, and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.

After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920.

References edit

saxe, gotha, german, sachsen, gotha, saxon, duchies, held, ernestine, branch, wettin, dynasty, former, landgraviate, thuringia, ducal, residence, erected, gotha, duchy, herzogtum, sachsen, gotha1640, 1680flag, coat, armsthuringia, showing, combined, territory,. Saxe Gotha German Sachsen Gotha was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in the former Landgraviate of Thuringia The ducal residence was erected at Gotha Duchy of Saxe GothaHerzogtum Sachsen Gotha1640 1680Flag Coat of armsThuringia showing the combined territory of Saxe Gotha and Saxe Altenburg from 1672 before it was again divided in 1680StatusState of the Holy Roman EmpireCapitalGothaGovernmentPrincipalityHistorical eraEarly modern Europe Partitioned from Saxe Weimar1640 Acquired half of Saxe Eisenach 1644 Acquired major part of Saxe Altenburg 1672 Partitioned in seven1680Preceded by Succeeded by Saxe Weimar Saxe Coburg Saxe Eisenberg Saxe Gotha Altenburg Saxe Hildburghausen Saxe Meiningen Saxe Romhild Saxe SaalfeldHistory edit nbsp Gotha Schloss Friedenstein The duchy was established in 1640 when Duke Wilhelm von Saxe Weimar created a subdivision for his younger brother Ernest I the Pious Duke Ernest took his residence at Gotha where he had Schloss Friedenstein built between 1643 and 1654 At the same time the Duchy of Saxe Eisenach was created for the third brother Albert IV Nevertheless Albert died in 1644 and Ernest inherited large parts of his duchy though not the core territory around the residence at Eisenach and the Wartburg which fell to his elder brother Wilhelm of Saxe Weimar Ernest could also incorporate several remaining estates of the extinct House of Henneberg in 1660 which had been vacant since 1583 Finally in 1672 he received the major part of Saxe Altenburg through his wife Elisabeth Sophie after Altenburg s last duke Frederick William III had died without heirs Ernest would then be called Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg When Ernest died in 1675 he left his seven sons a significantly enlarged territory The eldest Frederick I at first ruled jointly with his brothers until in 1680 the duchy was divided The area around Gotha and also Altenburg passed to Frederick I who retained the title of a Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg For later history of the duchy see Saxe Gotha Altenburg Dukes of Saxe Gotha editErnest I the Pious 1640 75 Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg from 1672 Frederick I Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg 1675 1691 jointly with his brothers until 1680 Albert V became Duke of Saxe Coburg Bernhard I became Duke of Saxe Meiningen Heinrich became Duke of Saxe Romhild Christian became Duke of Saxe Eisenberg Ernest became Duke of Saxe Hildburghausen John Ernest IV became Duke of Saxe Saalfeld When the house of Saxe Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825 Saxe Gotha Altenburg was split Saxe Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe Coburg Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe Meiningen The Duke of Saxe Hildburghausen received Saxe Altenburg and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe Meiningen After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920 References editSaxe Gotha Columbia Encyclopedia Sixth Edition Columbia University Press 2001 05 accessed January 27 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saxe Gotha amp oldid 1084870703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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