Rugosity calculations are commonly used in materials science to characterize surfaces, amongst others, in marine science to characterize seafloor habitats. A common technique to measure seafloor rugosity is Risk's chain-and-tape method[2] but with the advent of underwater photography less invasive quantitative methods have been developed. Some examples include measuring small-scale seafloor bottom roughness from microtopographic laser scanning (Du Preez and Tunnicliffe 2012),[3] and deriving multi-scale measures of rugosity, slope and aspect from benthicstereo image reconstructions (Friedman et al. 2012).[4]
Inconsistencyedit
Despite the popularity of using rugosity for two- and three-dimensional surface analyses, methodological inconsistency has been problematic. Building off recent advances, the new arc-chord ratio (ACR) rugosity index is capable of measuring the rugosity of two-dimensional profiles and three-dimensional surfaces using a single method (Du Preez 2015).[5] The ACR rugosity index is defined as the contoured (real) surface area divided by the area of the surface orthogonally projected onto a plane of best fit (POBF), where the POBF is a function (linear interpolation) of the boundary data only. Using a POBF, instead of an arbitrary horizontal geometric plane, results in an important advantage of the ACR rugosity index: unlike most rugosity indices ACR rugosity is not confounded by slope.
Ecology: As a measure of complexity, rugosity is presumed to be an indicator of the amount of available habitat available for colonization by benthic organisms (those attached to the seafloor), and shelter and foraging area for mobile organisms.
Geology: For marine geologists and geomorphologists, rugosity is a useful characteristic in distinguishing different types of seafloors in remote sensing applications (e.g., sonar and laser altimetry, based from ships, planes or satellites).
Oceanography: Among oceanographers, rugosity is recognized to influence small-scale hydrodynamics by converting organized laminar or oscillatory flow into energy-dissipating turbulence.
Coral biology: High rugosity is often an indication of the presence of coral, which creates a complex surface as it grows. A rugose seafloor's tendency to generate turbulence is understood to promote the growth of coral and coralline algae by delivering nutrient-rich water after the organisms have depleted the nutrients from the envelope of water immediately surrounding their tissues.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Roughness factor (rugosity) of a surface". doi:10.1351/goldbook.R05419
^Risk, M. J. 1972. "Fish diversity on a coral reef in the Virgin Islands." Atoll Res. Bull. 193:1-6 [doi:10.5479/si.00775630. 153.1]
^Du Preez, C. and V. Tunnicliffe. (2012). "A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small-scale seafloor bottom roughness." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 10:899-909. [DOI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.899].
^Friedman A, Pizarro O, Williams SB, Johnson-Roberson M (2012) "Multi-Scale Measures of Rugosity, Slope and Aspect from Benthic Stereo Image Reconstructions". PLoS ONE 7(12): e50440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050440
^Du Preez, C. 2015. "A new arc-chord ratio (ACR) rugosity index for quantifying three-dimensional landscape structural complexity". Landscape Ecology. 30: 181-192. doi: 10.1007/s10980-014-0118-8.
External linksedit
Matlab code for calculating multi-scale rugosity, slope and aspect
January 01, 1970
rugosity, look, rugose, wiktionary, free, dictionary, measure, small, scale, variations, amplitude, height, surface, displaystyle, text, text, text, where, real, true, actual, surface, area, geometric, surface, area, contents, utility, inconsistency, also, ref. Look up rugose in Wiktionary the free dictionary Rugosity fr is a measure of small scale variations of amplitude in the height of a surface f r A r A g displaystyle f text r A text r A text g where Ar is the real true actual surface area and Ag is the geometric surface area 1 Contents 1 Utility 2 Inconsistency 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksUtility editRugosity calculations are commonly used in materials science to characterize surfaces amongst others in marine science to characterize seafloor habitats A common technique to measure seafloor rugosity is Risk s chain and tape method 2 but with the advent of underwater photography less invasive quantitative methods have been developed Some examples include measuring small scale seafloor bottom roughness from microtopographic laser scanning Du Preez and Tunnicliffe 2012 3 and deriving multi scale measures of rugosity slope and aspect from benthic stereo image reconstructions Friedman et al 2012 4 Inconsistency editDespite the popularity of using rugosity for two and three dimensional surface analyses methodological inconsistency has been problematic Building off recent advances the new arc chord ratio ACR rugosity index is capable of measuring the rugosity of two dimensional profiles and three dimensional surfaces using a single method Du Preez 2015 5 The ACR rugosity index is defined as the contoured real surface area divided by the area of the surface orthogonally projected onto a plane of best fit POBF where the POBF is a function linear interpolation of the boundary data only Using a POBF instead of an arbitrary horizontal geometric plane results in an important advantage of the ACR rugosity index unlike most rugosity indices ACR rugosity is not confounded by slope Ecology As a measure of complexity rugosity is presumed to be an indicator of the amount of available habitat available for colonization by benthic organisms those attached to the seafloor and shelter and foraging area for mobile organisms Geology For marine geologists and geomorphologists rugosity is a useful characteristic in distinguishing different types of seafloors in remote sensing applications e g sonar and laser altimetry based from ships planes or satellites Oceanography Among oceanographers rugosity is recognized to influence small scale hydrodynamics by converting organized laminar or oscillatory flow into energy dissipating turbulence Coral biology High rugosity is often an indication of the presence of coral which creates a complex surface as it grows A rugose seafloor s tendency to generate turbulence is understood to promote the growth of coral and coralline algae by delivering nutrient rich water after the organisms have depleted the nutrients from the envelope of water immediately surrounding their tissues See also editSurface roughness Measure of surface finish or texture Fractal Infinitely detailed mathematical structure Fractal dimension Ratio providing a statistical index of complexity variation with scale Glossary of climbing terms RugosityReferences edit IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd ed the Gold Book 1997 Online corrected version 2006 Roughness factor rugosity of a surface doi 10 1351 goldbook R05419 Risk M J 1972 Fish diversity on a coral reef in the Virgin Islands Atoll Res Bull 193 1 6 doi 10 5479 si 00775630 153 1 Du Preez C and V Tunnicliffe 2012 A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning MiLS to measure small scale seafloor bottom roughness Limnology and Oceanography Methods 10 899 909 DOI 10 4319 lom 2012 10 899 Friedman A Pizarro O Williams SB Johnson Roberson M 2012 Multi Scale Measures of Rugosity Slope and Aspect from Benthic Stereo Image Reconstructions PLoS ONE 7 12 e50440 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0050440 Du Preez C 2015 A new arc chord ratio ACR rugosity index for quantifying three dimensional landscape structural complexity Landscape Ecology 30 181 192 doi 10 1007 s10980 014 0118 8 External links editMatlab code for calculating multi scale rugosity slope and aspect Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rugosity amp oldid 1106415724, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
