Rudolf Eitelberger (full name Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg; 17 April 1817 – 18 April 1885) was an Austrian art historian and the first Ordinarius (full professor) for art history at the University of Vienna. He is considered as the founder of the Vienna School of Art History.
Eitelberger was born on 17 April 1817 in Olomouc, the son of a military officer. He studied law and the Romance languages at University of Olomouc. From 1839 through 1848 he was a lecturer in philology at the University of Vienna. In the meantime he educated himself in the history of art, mounting an exhibit of old master paintings in 1846 and serving as a Privatdozent (private lecturer) in art history.
Eitelberger was a committed reformist throughout the Vormärz, and during the events of 1848 served as the editor of the Wiener Zeitung, a pro-revolutionary literary journal. He was particularly concerned with the role of art history in the education of artists; also in 1848 he published a polemic against the pedagogical methods of Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, at that time director of the Academy of Fine Arts. After the failure of the revolution, in 1850, Eitelberger delivered a series of lectures on art history, the first of which was entitled "Die Bildungsanstalten für Künstler und ihre historische Entwicklung" ("Institutions for the education of artists and their historical development").
Eitelberger's activities attracted the attention of the Austrian Minister for Religion and Education, Count Leopold Thun-Hohenstein, who attempted to secure him a position as professor of art history at the University. However, Eitelberger's theories and political activity remained controversial, and his appointment was initially vetoed by Emperor Franz Joseph. Thun resubmitted his petition, and on 5 November 1852 Eitelberger was named Professor für Kunstgeschichte und Kunstarchäologie (Professor of the History of Archaeology of Art) at the University of Vienna. He thus became one of the first professors of art history in Europe. Gustav Friedrich Waagen had been appointed to a similar chair at the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1844, and the appointment of Eitelberger may have represented a Habsburg attempt to keep pace with the cultural policies of Prussia.
Eitelberger's activities as professor embraced both scholarly and practical, educational endeavors. Together with Gustav Heider he published a two-volume corpus of the Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmäler des österreichischen Kaiserstaates (Medieval monuments of the Austrian Empire), and in 1871 he founded the series Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte (Source Texts for Art History).
In the practical realm, Eitelberger and Jakob Falke co-founded in 1864 the k.k. Österreichisches Museum für Kunst und Industrie (Imperial Austrian Museum for Art and Industry), today the Österreichisches Museum für angewandte Kunst (Austrian Museum for Applied Art), which was inspired by the South Kensington Museum in London. In 1868 he founded the museum's educational component, the Kunstgewerbeschule, today the Universität für angewandte Kunst (University for Applied Art).
Eitelberger died on 18 April 1885 in Vienna, at the age of 68.
Legacyedit
Eitelberger insisted on the priority of the object in the history of art, and therefore lectured exclusively in the galleries of his museum. This insistence on the close attention to the visual properties of works of art became a characteristic of the Vienna School of Art History, and was continued by Eitelberger's students and successors, Moritz Thausing, Franz Wickhoff, and Alois Riegl. Eitelberger's simultaneous interest in the historical context of objects, expressed in his series of Quellenschriften, also became a hallmark of the Vienna School, and was pursued in particular by Julius von Schlosser.
Eitelberger's commitment to the training of contemporary artists, and his insistence on the importance of the art of the past for art of the present, rendered him a central figure in the historicist movement in 19th-century Austria. He conceived art history and the practice of art as a unity, a principle expressed in his maxim: "He who wishes to pursue art history must possess a natural inclination towards art itself."[1]
Referencesedit
^"Man muß für Kunst selbst veranlagt sein, wenn man Kunstgeschichte treiben will." Quoted in Lachnit, Die Wiener Schule, p. 24.
Worksedit
Die Reform des Kunstunterrichts und Professor Waldmüllers Lehrmethode (Vienna, 1848).
Cividale in Friaul und seine Monumente (Vienna, 1857).
Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmale des österreichischen Kaiserstaates, two volumes (Vienna, 1858–1860).
Die preisgekrönten Entwürfe zur Erweiterung der inneren Stadt Wien: mit sieben in der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Farbendruck ausgeführten Plänen und einem erläuternden Texte (Vienna, 1859).
Editor, Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, 18 volumes (Vienna, 1871–1908).
Gesammelte kunsthistorische Schriften, four volumes (Vienna, 1879–1894).
Bibliographyedit
E. Lachnit, Die Wiener Schule der Kunstgeschichte und die Kunst ihrer Zeit (Vienna, 2005).
E. Nebel, Die kunstpädagogischen Ideen, Theorien und Leistungen Rudolf von Eitelbergers (Diss.) (Vienna, 1980).
M. Rampley, "The idea of a scientific discipline: Rudolf von Eitelberger and the emergence of art history in Vienna, 1847–1885", Art History, 34.1 (2011) pp. 54–79.
M. Rampley, The Vienna School of Art History. Empire and the Politics of Scholarship, 1847–1918 (University Park, PA, 2013).
External linksedit
Eitelberger at the Biographical Dictionary of Art Historians
November 19, 2023
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Rudolf Eitelberger full name Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg 17 April 1817 18 April 1885 was an Austrian art historian and the first Ordinarius full professor for art history at the University of Vienna He is considered as the founder of the Vienna School of Art History Rudolf EitelbergerPortrait of EitelbergerBorn 1817 04 17 17 April 1817Olomouc Austrian EmpireDied18 April 1885 1885 04 18 aged 68 Vienna Austria Hungary Contents 1 Life 2 Legacy 3 References 4 Works 5 Bibliography 6 External linksLife editEitelberger was born on 17 April 1817 in Olomouc the son of a military officer He studied law and the Romance languages at University of Olomouc From 1839 through 1848 he was a lecturer in philology at the University of Vienna In the meantime he educated himself in the history of art mounting an exhibit of old master paintings in 1846 and serving as a Privatdozent private lecturer in art history Eitelberger was a committed reformist throughout the Vormarz and during the events of 1848 served as the editor of the Wiener Zeitung a pro revolutionary literary journal He was particularly concerned with the role of art history in the education of artists also in 1848 he published a polemic against the pedagogical methods of Ferdinand Georg Waldmuller at that time director of the Academy of Fine Arts After the failure of the revolution in 1850 Eitelberger delivered a series of lectures on art history the first of which was entitled Die Bildungsanstalten fur Kunstler und ihre historische Entwicklung Institutions for the education of artists and their historical development Eitelberger s activities attracted the attention of the Austrian Minister for Religion and Education Count Leopold Thun Hohenstein who attempted to secure him a position as professor of art history at the University However Eitelberger s theories and political activity remained controversial and his appointment was initially vetoed by Emperor Franz Joseph Thun resubmitted his petition and on 5 November 1852 Eitelberger was named Professor fur Kunstgeschichte und Kunstarchaologie Professor of the History of Archaeology of Art at the University of Vienna He thus became one of the first professors of art history in Europe Gustav Friedrich Waagen had been appointed to a similar chair at the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1844 and the appointment of Eitelberger may have represented a Habsburg attempt to keep pace with the cultural policies of Prussia Eitelberger s activities as professor embraced both scholarly and practical educational endeavors Together with Gustav Heider he published a two volume corpus of the Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmaler des osterreichischen Kaiserstaates Medieval monuments of the Austrian Empire and in 1871 he founded the series Quellenschriften fur Kunstgeschichte Source Texts for Art History nbsp Eitelberger memorial in the Museum of Applied Arts ViennaIn the practical realm Eitelberger and Jakob Falke co founded in 1864 the k k Osterreichisches Museum fur Kunst und Industrie Imperial Austrian Museum for Art and Industry today the Osterreichisches Museum fur angewandte Kunst Austrian Museum for Applied Art which was inspired by the South Kensington Museum in London In 1868 he founded the museum s educational component the Kunstgewerbeschule today the Universitat fur angewandte Kunst University for Applied Art Eitelberger died on 18 April 1885 in Vienna at the age of 68 Legacy editEitelberger insisted on the priority of the object in the history of art and therefore lectured exclusively in the galleries of his museum This insistence on the close attention to the visual properties of works of art became a characteristic of the Vienna School of Art History and was continued by Eitelberger s students and successors Moritz Thausing Franz Wickhoff and Alois Riegl Eitelberger s simultaneous interest in the historical context of objects expressed in his series of Quellenschriften also became a hallmark of the Vienna School and was pursued in particular by Julius von Schlosser Eitelberger s commitment to the training of contemporary artists and his insistence on the importance of the art of the past for art of the present rendered him a central figure in the historicist movement in 19th century Austria He conceived art history and the practice of art as a unity a principle expressed in his maxim He who wishes to pursue art history must possess a natural inclination towards art itself 1 References edit Man muss fur Kunst selbst veranlagt sein wenn man Kunstgeschichte treiben will Quoted in Lachnit Die Wiener Schule p 24 Works editDie Reform des Kunstunterrichts und Professor Waldmullers Lehrmethode Vienna 1848 Cividale in Friaul und seine Monumente Vienna 1857 Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmale des osterreichischen Kaiserstaates two volumes Vienna 1858 1860 Die preisgekronten Entwurfe zur Erweiterung der inneren Stadt Wien mit sieben in der Kaiserlich Koniglichen Hof und Staatsdruckerei in Farbendruck ausgefuhrten Planen und einem erlauternden Texte Vienna 1859 Editor Quellenschriften fur Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit 18 volumes Vienna 1871 1908 Gesammelte kunsthistorische Schriften four volumes Vienna 1879 1894 Bibliography editE Lachnit Die Wiener Schule der Kunstgeschichte und die Kunst ihrer Zeit Vienna 2005 E Nebel Die kunstpadagogischen Ideen Theorien und Leistungen Rudolf von Eitelbergers Diss Vienna 1980 M Rampley The idea of a scientific discipline Rudolf von Eitelberger and the emergence of art history in Vienna 1847 1885 Art History 34 1 2011 pp 54 79 M Rampley The Vienna School of Art History Empire and the Politics of Scholarship 1847 1918 University Park PA 2013 External links editEitelberger at the Biographical Dictionary of Art Historians Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rudolf Eitelberger amp oldid 1179616018, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
