The Roter Bär Pit (German: Grube Roter Bär) in Sankt Andreasberg in the Upper Harz is an iron ore mine that was worked from about 1800 until the 1860s. Today it is operated as a show mine under the name of Roter Bär Pit Educational Mine by the Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology (Sankt Andreasberger Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde). The name Roter Bär means "Red Bear".
Roter Bär Pit
Entrance to the show mine
Location
Roter Bär Pit
Location in Germany
Location
Sankt Andreasberg, Goslar district, Landkreis Goslar
In line with historical practice the funds required to restore the historic mine were raised through the formation of a mining trades union and issue of share certificates.
The former iron ore mine situated in the Bären valley at the foot of the Knöchel, east of Sankt Andreasberg forms the heart of the educational Roter Bär Pit today.
The mining of brown iron ore, which occurs here as lens-shaped inclusions in a Middle Devonian shale-limestone series, began around 1800 and ended in the mid-1860s. The pit, which was operated by private individuals (Eigenlehnern), produced about 50-60 tons of ironstone annually with a workforce of just 4-6 men. The very soft, often clayey, ore was won using picks (Keilhauen) without the need for drilling and blasting. Simple hand picking enabled it to be enriched by up to 35-40% Fe content. Its only customer was the Hanoverian state's Königshüttesmelting works in Lauterberg (founded 1733).
Despite only moderate levels of iron content, this ore was in great demand because of its good smelting properties and high proportion of manganese. Blended with red iron ore from the Sieber valley enabled good wrought iron and cable iron (Seileisen) to be produced. During this period a network of relatively shallow pits with a total length of more than 1,000 metres were dug. Today these pits have largely been filled in or collapsed and are only accessible in a few places.
With the transfer of Hanover to Prussia (in 1866) and the introduction of charcoal blast furnaces at the Königshütte smelter (in 1871) the ore from the Roter Bär no longer had a market. The mine was abandoned and fell into ruins.
10 years after the establishment of silver mining at St. Andreasberg (the Samson Pit, in 1910), the old mine was worked again by the firm of Ilseder Hütte based at Groß-Bülten near Peine as part of a national exploration programme. Although the unworkability of the collapsed and practically exhausted deposit rapidly became clear, the search for as yet still undiscovered lodes of metal continued until 1923.
For about 10 years trial digs were driven northwards and northeast into the mountain, work that employed up to 42 miners. Prospecting was not only carried out at the level of the surface galleries, but also at a depth of 170 m at the face of the Sieber gallery, (the drainage gallery of the St. Andreasberg mining field). From the Wennsglückterlode from where the tunnel was long enough, the 700 m long Bär cross passage was built running northwards. Despite the driving of trial pits with a total length of about 4 km it did not prove economical to recoverable the ore reserves. The weak and relatively low metal-poor lodes (Hermannsglücker, Wilhelmsglücker and Ernst lodes) that were discovered turned out at least to be mineralogically very interesting. Highlights include the arsenide nickel-cobalt ores, and a complex composition of selenide mineralizations.
In 1931 the newly founded Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology took the pit over and established the first visitor mine in the Harz. After 10 years guided tours came to a standstill due to the Second World War. The site, which now acted as an air-raid shelter, saved the lives of many people who fled here during the fighting in April 1945.
From 1947-1949 there were again unsuccessful attempts to mine the remaining clay minerals in eastern field of the mine. In the early 1950s when the historical society devoted itself to the creation of a mining museum on the Samson Pit, the then owner of the mining field, Berging. Dr. Ernst Bock took over the gallery and used it occasionally as an educational mine for the Clausthal Mining Academy. Later the site fell into decay. In 1988 the surface gallery was opened by the mining working group again, and made partially accessible to visitors.
The pit is not just used as a visitor mine, however; it is also to supply drinking water and, during the winter, acts as sheltered haven for bats. In addition, work is underway to carry out further research and to preserve and protect the old mine workings. Great importance is attached to ensuring they are preserved as far as possible in their original state.
Sponsoredit
Mining Working Group (Arbeitsgruppe Bergbau), Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology (St. Andreasberger Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde e. V.), founded in 1931
Ließmann, Wilfried (1998), St. Andreasberger Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde e. V. (ed.), "Die Betriebsgeschichte der Grube Roter Bär", Beiträge zur Bergbaugeschichte von St. Andreasberg (in German), vol. Band 1, St. Andreasberg, pp. 33–40
Ließmann, Wilfried (2002), Der Bergbau am Beerberg bei Sankt Andreasberg : Ein (Wander)Führer durch den "Auswendigen Grubenzug" sowie die Anlagen des Lehrbergwerks Grube Roter Bär. (in German), Duderstadt: Mecke, ISBN3-932752-90-2
External linksedit
Official web presence (in German)
April 12, 2024
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The Roter Bar Pit German Grube Roter Bar in Sankt Andreasberg in the Upper Harz is an iron ore mine that was worked from about 1800 until the 1860s Today it is operated as a show mine under the name of Roter Bar Pit Educational Mine by the Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology Sankt Andreasberger Verein fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde The name Roter Bar means Red Bear Roter Bar PitEntrance to the show mineLocationRoter Bar PitLocation in GermanyLocationSankt Andreasberg Goslar district Landkreis GoslarStateLower SaxonyCountryGermanyCoordinates51 42 45 N 010 31 37 E 51 71250 N 10 52694 E 51 71250 10 52694ProductionProductsiron oreHistoryOpenedca 1800Closed1860sIn line with historical practice the funds required to restore the historic mine were raised through the formation of a mining trades union and issue of share certificates Contents 1 History 2 Visitor mine 2 1 Sponsor 3 See also 4 Sources 5 External linksHistory editThe former iron ore mine situated in the Baren valley at the foot of the Knochel east of Sankt Andreasberg forms the heart of the educational Roter Bar Pit today The mining of brown iron ore which occurs here as lens shaped inclusions in a Middle Devonian shale limestone series began around 1800 and ended in the mid 1860s The pit which was operated by private individuals Eigenlehnern produced about 50 60 tons of ironstone annually with a workforce of just 4 6 men The very soft often clayey ore was won using picks Keilhauen without the need for drilling and blasting Simple hand picking enabled it to be enriched by up to 35 40 Fe content Its only customer was the Hanoverian state s Konigshutte smelting works in Lauterberg founded 1733 Despite only moderate levels of iron content this ore was in great demand because of its good smelting properties and high proportion of manganese Blended with red iron ore from the Sieber valley enabled good wrought iron and cable iron Seileisen to be produced During this period a network of relatively shallow pits with a total length of more than 1 000 metres were dug Today these pits have largely been filled in or collapsed and are only accessible in a few places With the transfer of Hanover to Prussia in 1866 and the introduction of charcoal blast furnaces at the Konigshutte smelter in 1871 the ore from the Roter Bar no longer had a market The mine was abandoned and fell into ruins 10 years after the establishment of silver mining at St Andreasberg the Samson Pit in 1910 the old mine was worked again by the firm of Ilseder Hutte based at Gross Bulten near Peine as part of a national exploration programme Although the unworkability of the collapsed and practically exhausted deposit rapidly became clear the search for as yet still undiscovered lodes of metal continued until 1923 For about 10 years trial digs were driven northwards and northeast into the mountain work that employed up to 42 miners Prospecting was not only carried out at the level of the surface galleries but also at a depth of 170 m at the face of the Sieber gallery the drainage gallery of the St Andreasberg mining field From the Wennsgluckter lode from where the tunnel was long enough the 700 m long Bar cross passage was built running northwards Despite the driving of trial pits with a total length of about 4 km it did not prove economical to recoverable the ore reserves The weak and relatively low metal poor lodes Hermannsglucker Wilhelmsglucker and Ernst lodes that were discovered turned out at least to be mineralogically very interesting Highlights include the arsenide nickel cobalt ores and a complex composition of selenide mineralizations Visitor mine edit nbsp A Dennert Fir Tree at the entrance to the show mineIn 1931 the newly founded Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology took the pit over and established the first visitor mine in the Harz After 10 years guided tours came to a standstill due to the Second World War The site which now acted as an air raid shelter saved the lives of many people who fled here during the fighting in April 1945 From 1947 1949 there were again unsuccessful attempts to mine the remaining clay minerals in eastern field of the mine In the early 1950s when the historical society devoted itself to the creation of a mining museum on the Samson Pit the then owner of the mining field Berging Dr Ernst Bock took over the gallery and used it occasionally as an educational mine for the Clausthal Mining Academy Later the site fell into decay In 1988 the surface gallery was opened by the mining working group again and made partially accessible to visitors The pit is not just used as a visitor mine however it is also to supply drinking water and during the winter acts as sheltered haven for bats In addition work is underway to carry out further research and to preserve and protect the old mine workings Great importance is attached to ensuring they are preserved as far as possible in their original state Sponsor edit Mining Working Group Arbeitsgruppe Bergbau Sankt Andreasberg Society for History and Archaeology St Andreasberger Verein fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde e V founded in 1931See also editList of mines in the HarzSources editLiessmann Wilfried 1998 St Andreasberger Verein fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde e V ed Die Betriebsgeschichte der Grube Roter Bar Beitrage zur Bergbaugeschichte von St Andreasberg in German vol Band 1 St Andreasberg pp 33 40 Liessmann Wilfried 2002 Der Bergbau am Beerberg bei Sankt Andreasberg Ein Wander Fuhrer durch den Auswendigen Grubenzug sowie die Anlagen des Lehrbergwerks Grube Roter Bar in German Duderstadt Mecke ISBN 3 932752 90 2External links editOfficial web presence in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roter Bar Pit amp oldid 1182584908, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
