The Roberts Commission is one of two presidentially-appointed commissions. One related to the circumstances of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and another related to the protection of cultural resources during and after World War II. Both were chaired by Supreme Court Justice Owen Josephus Roberts.
The first Roberts Commission was a presidentially-appointed commission formed in December 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, to investigate and report the facts relating to the attack. The commission was headed by US Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen Roberts and so it was known as the Roberts Commission. The commission found the commanders of Pearl Harbor, Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short, guilty of "dereliction of duty." It exonerated Hawaiian Air Force commander, Major General Frederick L. Martin who had also been relieved of command immediately following the attack and his Navy counterpart Patrick N. L. Bellinger (who had not been relieved) with the simple statement “subordinate commanders executed their superiors’ orders without question. They were not responsible for the state of readiness prescribed.” [1] The Commission presented its findings to Congress January 28, 1942. Members of the commission besides Justice Roberts were Adm. William H. Standley, Adm. Joseph M. Reeves, Gen. Frank R. McCoy, and Gen. Joseph T. McNarney. The commission was a fact-finding commission, not a court-martial for either Short or Kimmel.
Some claimed that the report also concluded that both Japanese diplomats and persons of Japanese ancestry had engaged in widespread espionage leading up to the attack, and used this to justify Japanese American incarceration.[2] One passage made vague reference to "Japanese consular agents and other... persons having no open relations with the Japanese foreign service" transmitting information to Japan. However, it was unlikely that these "spies" were Japanese American, as Japanese intelligence agents were distrustful of their American counterparts and preferred to recruit "white persons and Negroes".[3] Despite the fact that the report made no mention of Americans of Japanese ancestry, the media, as well as politicians like California Governor Culbert L. Olson, nevertheless used it to vilify Japanese Americans and inflame public opinion against them.[4]
The second Roberts Commission, also presidential-appointed is also known after its chairman, again Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts. It was created to help the US Army protect works of cultural value in Allied-occupied areas of Europe. Its formal name was the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas. The commission also developed inventories of Nazi-appropriated property. Along with the US Military program known as Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA), the commission worked to rescue and preserve items of cultural significance. The commission took place from 1943 to 1946.
References
^ “Admiral Kimmel, General Short Held Derelict in Duties,” The Miami Daily News, 25 January, 1942.
^Conn, Stetson; Engelman, Rose C.; Fairchild, Byron (2000) [1964]. . United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. pp. 120–122. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
^Niiya, Brian. "[1]," Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
^Niiya, Brian. "[2]," Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
External links
"Civilian Agency Records RG 239" [Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission)]. Holocaust-Era Assets. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 15 August 2016.
"Fred Shipman, Monuments Man". Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum.
"Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art". Monuments Men Foundation.
"Monuments Men: Preserving Cultural Heritage During a Period of Great Turmoil". New Orleans, Louisiana: National WWII Museum.
"Most Requested Images - Art Treasures & Monuments Men". Holocaust-Era Assets. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 15 August 2016.
"The Monuments Men and the National Gallery of Art". National Gallery of Art.
First Roberts Commission: http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/pha/roberts/roberts.html; see also Chapter Two, "The Politics of Infamy: The Roberts Commission and Pearl Harbor," in Kenneth Kitts, *Presidential Commissions and National Security (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006).
roberts, commissions, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2015, learn, when, remove, this, template, mes. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Roberts Commission is one of two presidentially appointed commissions One related to the circumstances of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and another related to the protection of cultural resources during and after World War II Both were chaired by Supreme Court Justice Owen Josephus Roberts Contents 1 First Roberts Commission 2 Second Roberts Commission 3 References 4 External linksFirst Roberts Commission EditThe first Roberts Commission was a presidentially appointed commission formed in December 1941 shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese to investigate and report the facts relating to the attack The commission was headed by US Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen Roberts and so it was known as the Roberts Commission The commission found the commanders of Pearl Harbor Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short guilty of dereliction of duty It exonerated Hawaiian Air Force commander Major General Frederick L Martin who had also been relieved of command immediately following the attack and his Navy counterpart Patrick N L Bellinger who had not been relieved with the simple statement subordinate commanders executed their superiors orders without question They were not responsible for the state of readiness prescribed 1 The Commission presented its findings to Congress January 28 1942 Members of the commission besides Justice Roberts were Adm William H Standley Adm Joseph M Reeves Gen Frank R McCoy and Gen Joseph T McNarney The commission was a fact finding commission not a court martial for either Short or Kimmel Some claimed that the report also concluded that both Japanese diplomats and persons of Japanese ancestry had engaged in widespread espionage leading up to the attack and used this to justify Japanese American incarceration 2 One passage made vague reference to Japanese consular agents and other persons having no open relations with the Japanese foreign service transmitting information to Japan However it was unlikely that these spies were Japanese American as Japanese intelligence agents were distrustful of their American counterparts and preferred to recruit white persons and Negroes 3 Despite the fact that the report made no mention of Americans of Japanese ancestry the media as well as politicians like California Governor Culbert L Olson nevertheless used it to vilify Japanese Americans and inflame public opinion against them 4 Second Roberts Commission EditMain article Monuments Fine Arts and Archives The second Roberts Commission also presidential appointed is also known after its chairman again Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts It was created to help the US Army protect works of cultural value in Allied occupied areas of Europe Its formal name was the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas The commission also developed inventories of Nazi appropriated property Along with the US Military program known as Monuments Fine Arts and Archives MFAA the commission worked to rescue and preserve items of cultural significance The commission took place from 1943 to 1946 References Edit Admiral Kimmel General Short Held Derelict in Duties The Miami Daily News 25 January 1942 Conn Stetson Engelman Rose C Fairchild Byron 2000 1964 Guarding the United States and its Outposts United States Army in World War II Washington D C Center of Military History United States Army pp 120 122 Archived from the original on 2007 12 25 Retrieved 2018 06 17 Niiya Brian 1 Densho Encyclopedia Retrieved August 14 2018 Niiya Brian 2 Densho Encyclopedia Retrieved August 14 2018 External links Edit Civilian Agency Records RG 239 Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas The Roberts Commission Holocaust Era Assets U S National Archives and Records Administration 15 August 2016 Fred Shipman Monuments Man Franklin D Roosevelt Library amp Museum Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art Monuments Men Foundation Monuments Men Preserving Cultural Heritage During a Period of Great Turmoil New Orleans Louisiana National WWII Museum Most Requested Images Art Treasures amp Monuments Men Holocaust Era Assets U S National Archives and Records Administration 15 August 2016 The Monuments Men and the National Gallery of Art National Gallery of Art First Roberts Commission http www ibiblio org pha pha roberts roberts html see also Chapter Two The Politics of Infamy The Roberts Commission and Pearl Harbor in Kenneth Kitts Presidential Commissions and National Security Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers 2006 Second Roberts Commission http www lexisnexis com academic 2upa Iherc robertsc pf asp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roberts Commissions amp oldid 1116976593, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
